The moment is right for critical reflection on what has been assumed to be a core part of schooling. In Ungrading, fifteen educators write about their diverse experiences going gradeless. Some contributors are new to the practice and some have been engaging in it for decades. Some are in humanities and social sciences, some in STEM fields. Some are in higher education, but some are the K-12 pioneers who led the way. Based on rigorous and replicated research, this is the first book to show why and how faculty who wish to focus on learning, rather than sorting or judging, might proceed. It includes honest reflection on what makes ungrading challenging, and testimonials about what makes it transformative.

Give students the repeated practice they need to master the reading skill of using context clues, and succeed on tests! Each of the 35 reproducible pages features a high-interest fiction and nonfiction reading passage with bubble-test practice questions that target this essential comprehension reading skill. Flexible and easy to use--in school or at home--the book also includes model lessons, pre- and post-assessments, and an answer key.

The main problems that prevent fast and high-quality document processing in electronic document management systems are insufficient and unstructured information, information redundancy, and the presence of large amounts of undesirable user information. The human factor has a significant impact on the efficiency of document search. An average user is not aware of the advanced option of a query language and uses typical queries. Development of a specialized software toolkit intended for information systems and electronic document management systems can be an effective solution of the tasks listed above. Such toolkits should be based on the means and methods of automatic keyword extraction and text classification. The categorization (or classification) of texts into predefined categories has witnessed a booming interest in the last 10 years due to the increased availability of documents in digital form and the ensuing need to organize them. Thus, research on keyword extraction, advancements in the field, and possible future solutions is of great importance in current times. Developing a Keyword Extractor and Document Classifier: Emerging Research and Opportunities presents an information extraction mechanism that can process many kinds of inputs, realize the type of text, and understand the percentage of the keywords that has to be stored. This mechanism then supports information extraction and information categorization mechanisms. This module is used to support a text summarization mechanism, which leads-with the help of the keyword extraction module-to text categorization. It employs lexical and information retrieval techniques to extract phrases from the document text that are likely to characterize it and determines the category of the retrieved text to present a summary to the users. This book is ideal for practitioners, stakeholders, researchers, academicians, and students who are interested in the development of a new keyword extractor and document classifier method.

This study work guide has been compiled to help learners understand and grasp all aspects of the novel and use of language in Finders Keepers, the prescribed novel for Grade 10 English First Additional Language. This study work guide has been compiled to the requirements of CAPS and all important aspects relating to the novel have been covered – in accessible language. The story is about Lufuno leaving Jozi to start a new life in Cape Town. She is bullied at school because of her Venda heritage. She develops a friendship with a Xhosa chief's son.

This study work guide forms part of a series. It is not only a guide in which the novel is discussed, but also a workbook in which learners can make notes. This provides revision for exams and tests. This study work guide supplements the prescribed text Finders Keepers.

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Exam Board: AQA Academic Level: GCSE Subject: History: Conflict and tension between East and West, 1945-1972 First teaching: September 2016 First Exams: Summer 2018 Designed for hassle-free, independent study and priced to meet both your and your students' budgets, this combined Revision Guide and Workbook is the smart choice for those revising for AQA GCSE (9-1) History and includes: A FREE online edition One-topic-per-page format 'Now Try This' practice questions on topic pages Exam skills pages including Worked examples with exemplar answers Exam-style practice pages with practice questions in the style of the exams Guided support and hints providing additional scaffolding, to help avoid common pitfalls Full set of practice papers written to match the specification exactly

The evaluation of student performance and knowledge is a critical element of an educator's job as well as an essential step in the learning process for students. The quality and effectiveness of the evaluations given by educators are impacted by their ability to create and use reliable and valuable evaluations to facilitate and communicate student learning. The Handbook of Research on Assessment Literacy and Teacher-Made Testing in the Language Classroom is an essential reference source that discusses effective language assessment and educator roles in evaluation design. Featuring research on topics such as course learning outcomes, learning analytics, and teacher collaboration, this book is ideally designed for educators, administrative officials, linguists, academicians, researchers, and education students seeking coverage on an educator's role in evaluation design and analyses of evaluation methods and outcomes.

The new generation of tests is faced with new challenges. In the K?12 setting, the new learning targets are intended to assess higher?order thinking skills and prepare students to be ready for college and career and to keep American students competitive with their international peers. In addition, the new generation of state tests requires the use of technology in item delivery and embedding assessment in real?world, authentic, situations. It further requires accurate assessment of students at all ability levels. One of the most important questions is how to maintain test fairness in the new assessments with technology innovative items and technology delivered tests. In the traditional testing programs such as licensure and certification tests and college admission tests, test fairness has constantly been a key psychometric issue in test development and this continues to be the case with the national testing programs. As test fairness needs to be addressed throughout the whole process of test development, experts from state, admission, and licensure tests will address test fairness challenges in the new generation assessment. The book chapters clarify misconceptions of test fairness including the use of admission test results in cohort comparison, the use of international assessment results in trend evaluation, whether standardization and fairness necessarily mean uniformity when test?takers have different cultural backgrounds, and whether standardization can insure fairness. More technically, chapters also address issues related to how compromised items and test fairness are related to classification decisions, how accessibility in item development and accommodation could be mingled with technology, how to assess special populations with dyslexia, using Blinder?Oaxaca Decomposition for differential item functioning detection, and differential feature functioning in automated scoring. Overall, this book addresses test fairness issues in state assessment, college admission testing, international assessment, and licensure tests. Fairness is discussed in the context of culture and special populations. Further, fairness related to performance assessment and automated scoring is a focus as well. This book provides a very good source of information related to test fairness issues in test development in the new generation of assessment where technology is highly involved.

The delivery of educational content can take a variety of forms, depending on the dynamics of a particular classroom. With flipped classroom environments, students can better engage and retain concepts and information. Extending the Principles of Flipped Learning to Achieve Measurable Results: Emerging Research and Opportunities shows through detailed case studies how to measure flipped learning results in order to implement Deming's P-D-S-A cycle for achieving continual improvement in the flipped classroom. The book is built upon Dr. Michael G. Moore's theory of Transactional Distance. It highlights pedagogical coverage on topics such as individual and group interactive learning, learning spaces, learning materials, and instructor and student preparation. This book is an ideal reference source for educators, professionals, graduate students, researchers, and academics seeking information on the latest instructional strategies.

Testing and Measurement: A Practical Guide for Classroom Teachers and Aspiring Educational Leaders provides readers with a collection of both original writings and extant articles that speak to issues related to assessment, testing, measurement, and the accountability movement. The text encourages thoughtful consideration of the purpose of assessment, its link to student learning, and its impact on decision making within education. Each chapter provides an overview of general principles related to the key topic, supporting literature in the discipline, and an explanation of how the topic applies in a professional context. Readers learn about assessment and accountability in education, classical test theory, various types of assessments, and test formats. Additional chapters cover guidelines for developing assessments, determining the quality of assessments, item analysis, assigning grades, test scores, data interpretation, and more. The final chapters speak to building assessment strategies that meet all learners' needs and the implications of policies and policymaking on student assessment. Underscoring the importance of assessment, Testing and Measurement is a valuable resource for courses and programs in education. It can also be used by practicing educators to improve their personal knowledge and practices surrounding assessment.

Improvements in the application of online learning technologies are continually on the rise as the expectation for individuals to obtain a higher education grows and more people are seeking alternative modes of education. As more institutions implement e-learning systems, it has become increasingly important to explore the advancements and obstacles of these technologies. The Handbook of Research on Estimation and Control Techniques in E-Learning Systems presents the latest research in online learning and educational technologies for a diverse range of students and educational environments. Featuring comprehensive coverage on the implementation and usage of e-education systems, this publication explores a variety of pertinent topics including, but not limited to, ubiquitous computer technology, e-learning environments, and challenges in implementing these technologies, serving as a crucial reference source for researchers, professionals, academicians, students, government officials, and technology developers interested in the adoption and implementation of e-learning systems.

A volume in the Chinese American Educational Research and Development Association Book Series Series Editor Jinfa Cai, University of Delaware Over the past thirty years, student assessment has become an increasingly important component of public education. A variety of methodologies in testing have been developed to obtain and interpret the wealth of assessment outcomes. As assessment goals are getting increasingly multifaceted, new testing methodologies are called for to provide more accessible and reliable information on more complex constructs or processes, such as students' criticalthinking and problem-solving skills. Testing methodologies are needed to extract information from assessments on such complicated skills, in order to advise teachers about certain areas of students that need intervention. It is even a bigger challenge, and a vital mission of today's large-scale assessments, to gain such information from testing data in an efficient manner. For example PARCC and Smarter Balanced Assessments consortia are both striving to offer formative assessments through individualized, tailored testing. The book provides state-of-the-art coverage on new methodologies to support tradit ional summative assessment, and more importantly, for emerging formative assessments.