This is a modern presentation of the fundamentals of continuum mechanics as applied to the analysis of the plastic flow in metal forming. Metal forming plasticity is an advanced subject of intensive current research, relevant to both materials science and mechanical engineering. It is used for the analysis and modelling of fabrication processes such as forging, extrusion, rolling, and wire and tube drawing. The fundamentals of flow mechanics are explained here before they are applied in a variety of machine-tool design engineering situations. These fundamentals form the basis of all engineering analyses of the plastic flow in metal forming. Worked examples show the variety of metal forming situations, and approximately 200 end-of-chapter problems are also included.

Drag reduction is a field of study in many engineering disciplines, and its aim is to reduce the fluid-mechanical forces exerted in an object in order to improve its mechanical and/or fuel efficiency. This book provides a guide to the current state-of-the-art in this area of engineering.

Nanofluids are an emerging class of heat transfer fluids that are engineered by dispersing nanoparticles in conventional fluids. They represent a promising, multidisciplinary field that has evolved over the past two decades to provide enhanced thermal features, as well as manifold applications in thermal management, energy, transportation, MEMs and biomedical fields. Fundamentals and Transport Properties of Nanofluids addresses a broad range of fundamental and applied research on nanofluids, from their preparation, stability, and thermal and rheological properties to performance characterization and advanced applications. It covers combined theoretical, experimental and numerical research to elucidate underlying mechanisms of thermal transport in nanofluids. Edited and contributed to by leading academics in thermofluids and allied fields, this book is a must have for those working in chemical, materials and mechanical engineering, nanoscience, soft matter physics and chemistry.

Turbulence is a research field where high expectations have met with recurrent frustration. It is a common perception among physicists, mathematicians and engineers that there is a "big mystery" behind the phenomenon of turbulence. Its history has also remained anything but well researched. Unlike topics such as quantum theory, which began to attract physics historians as long as fifty years ago, turbulence has - until now - received only little professional historical investigation. In this book, which complements his earlier SpringerBrief "The Turbulence Problem", the author sketches the history of turbulence from the vantage point of its roots (Part I), the basic concepts (Part II) and the formation of a scientific community that regarded turbulence as a research field in its own right (Part III). From this perspective turbulence research appears to undertake an odyssey through uncharted territories. The book follows this development up until a conference in Marseille in the year 1961, which marked the inauguration of turbulence in the words of its organizer as "a new science". The epilogue contains some observations about turbulence research since 1961. This book provides a rich source of information for all those interested in the history of this major field of basic and applied science.

The primary purpose of this book is to provide an integrated overview of incompressible flow turbomachines and their design, in this case pumps and turbines. Theory and empirical knowledge of turbomachines are brought together in detail to form a framework for a basic understanding of this complex subject. A step-by-step approach is used by means of solved problems at the end of each chapter to accomplish this.
.Presents a clear overview of incompressible flow turbomachines
.Treats both types of turbomachines in one text
.Includes a large number of illustative solved problems

Stochastic Methods for Flow in Porous Media: Coping with Uncertainties explores fluid flow in complex geologic environments. The parameterization of uncertainty into flow models is important for managing water resources, preserving subsurface water quality, storing energy and wastes, and improving the safety and economics of extracting subsurface mineral and energy resources.
This volume systematically introduces a number of stochastic methods used by researchers in the community in a tutorial way and presents methodologies for spatially and temporally stationary as well as nonstationary flows. The author compiles a number of well-known results and useful formulae and includes exercises at the end of each chapter.

* As never seen before:
* Balanced viewpoint of several stochastic methods, including Greens' function, perturbative expansion, spectral, Feynman diagram, adjoint state, Monte Carlo simulation, and renormalization group methods
* Tutorial style of presentation will facilitate use by readers without a prior in-depth knowledge of Stochastic processes
* Practical examples throughout the text
* Exercises at the end of each chapter reinforce specific concepts and techniques
* For the reader who is interested in hands-on experience, a number of computer codes are included and discussed

Colloidal suspensions are encountered in a multitude of natural, biological and industrially relevant products and processes. Understanding what affects the flow behavior, or rheology, of colloid particles, and how these suspensions can be manipulated, is important for successful formulation of products such as paint, polymers, foods and pharmaceuticals. This book is the first devoted to the study of colloidal rheology in all its aspects. With material presented in an introductory manner, and complex mathematical derivations kept to a minimum, the reader will gain a strong grasp of the basic principles of colloid science and rheology. Beginning with purely hydrodynamic effects, the contributions of Brownian motion and interparticle forces are covered, before the reader is guided through specific problem areas, such as thixotropy and shear thickening; special classes of colloid suspensions are also treated. An essential guide for academic and industrial researchers, this book is also ideal for graduate course use.

This title provides the fundamental bases for developing turbulence models on rational grounds. The main different methods of approach are considered, ranging from statistical modelling at various degrees of complexity to numerical simulations of turbulence. Each of these various methods has its own specific performances and limitations, which appear to be complementary rather than competitive. After a discussion of the basic concepts, mathematical tools and methods for closure, the book considers second order closure models.Emphasis is placed upon this approach because it embodies potentials for clarifying numerous problems in turbulent shear flows. Simpler, generally older models are then presented as simplified versions of the more general second order models. The influence of extra physical parameters is also considered. Finally, the book concludes by examining large Eddy numerical simulations methods. Given the book's comprehensive coverage, those involved in the theoretical or practical study of turbulence problems in fluids will find this a useful and informative read.

This book is concerned with partial differential equations applied to fluids problems in science and engineering. This work is designed for two potential audiences. First, this book can function as a text for a course in mathematical methods in fluid mechanics in non-mathematics departments or in mathematics service courses. The authors have taught both. Second, this book is designed to help provide serious readers of journals (professionals, researchers, and graduate students) in analytical science and engineering with tools to explore and extend the missing steps in an analysis. The topics chosen for the book are those that the authors have found to be of considerable use in their own research careers. These topics are applicable in many areas, such as aeronautics and astronautics; biomechanics; chemical, civil, and mechanical engineering; fluid mechanics; and geophysical flows. Continuum ideas arise in other contexts, and the techniques included have applications there as well.

This book describes the analysis and behaviour of internal flows encountered in propulsion systems, fluid machinery (compressors, turbines and pumps) and ducts (diffusers, nozzles and combustion chambers). The focus is on phenomena that are important in setting the performance of a broad range of fluid devices. The authors show that even for complex processes one can learn a great deal about the behaviour of such devices from a clear understanding and rigorous use of basic principles. Throughout the book they illustrate theoretical principles by reference to technological applications. The strong emphasis on fundamentals, however, means that the ideas presented can be applied beyond internal flow to other types of fluid motion. The book equips students and practising engineers with a range of new analytical tools. These tools offer enhanced interpretation and application of both experimental measurements and the computational procedures that characterize modern fluids engineering.

Rheology is, by common consent, a difficult subject and some of the theoretical components are often viewed as being of prohibitive complexity by scientists without a strong mathematical background. There are also the difficulties inherent in any multidisciplinary science like rheology for those with a specific training. Therefore, newcomers to the field are sometimes discouraged, and for them the existing texts on the subject - some of which are outstanding - are of limited assistance because of their depth of detail and highly mathematical nature.
This book introduces the subject of rheology in terms understandable to non-experts and describes the application of rheological principles to many industrial products and processes. It provides a simple but authoritative guide which shows clearly how mathematics, physics and chemistry have contributed to the development of rheology. The generic features of all liquid-like materials are summarised, i.e. viscosity, linear viscoelasticity, normal stresses and extensional viscosity. Particular systems are then discussed, i.e. polymeric liquids and suspensions. The final chapter gives an outline of the theoretical advances which have been made. Consistent notation and nomenclature have been used throughout the book, and the key textbooks and publications which will enable the reader to follow up particular topics are listed.

Gas-solid flows are involved in numerous industrial processes and occur in various natural phenomena. This authoritative book addresses the fundamental principles that govern gas-solid flows and the application of these principles to various gas-solid flow systems. The book is arranged in two parts: Part I deals with basic relationships and phenomena, including particle size and properties, collision mechanics, momentum transfer, heat and mass transfer, basic equations, and intrinsic phenomena in gas-solid flows. Part II discusses gas-solid flow systems of industrial interest such as gas-solid separators, hoppers and standpipes, dense-phase fluidized beds, fluidized beds, pneumatic conveying systems, and heat and mass transfer in fluidization systems. As a comprehensive text on gas-solid flows, which includes end-of-chapter problems, this book is aimed at students, but will also be useful to a broad range of engineers and applied scientists. Solutions manual available.

This text provides a thorough treatment of the fundamental principles of fluid mechanics and convection heat transfer and shows how to apply the principles to a wide variety of fluid flow problems. The book is intended for use by final year undergraduate and beginning graduate students in engineering. The focus is on incompressible viscous flows with special applications to non-Newtonian fluid flows, turbulent flows, and free-forced convection flows. A special feature of the text is its coverage of generalised mass, momentum, and heat transfer equations, cartesian tensor manipulations, scale analyses, mathematical modelling techniques and practical solution methods. The final chapter is unique in its case-study approach, applying general modelling principles to analyse non-isothermal flow systems found in a wide range of engineering disciplines. Numerous end-of-chapter sample problem solutions, homework assignments, and mathematical aids are provided to enhance the reader's understanding and problem-solving skills.

This book, first published in 1998, treats turbulence from the point of view of dynamical systems. The exposition centres around a number of important simplified models for turbulent behaviour in systems ranging from fluid motion (classical turbulence) to chemical reactions and interfaces in disordered systems.The modern theory of fractals and multifractals now plays a major role in turbulence research, and turbulent states are being studied as important dynamical states of matter occurring also in systems outside the realm of hydrodynamics, i.e. chemical reactions or front propagation. The presentation relies heavily on simplified models of turbulent behaviour, notably shell models, coupled map lattices, amplitude equations and interface models, and the focus is primarily on fundamental concepts such as the differences between large and small systems, the nature of correlations and the origin of fractals and of scaling behaviour. This book will be of interest to graduate students and researchers interested in turbulence, from physics and applied mathematics backgrounds.

Large-Eddy Simulations of Turbulence is an ideal introduction for people new to LES [large-eddy simulation], direct numerical simulation and Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes simulation, and as a reference for researchers. Of particular interest in the text are the detailed discussion, in Chapter 2, of vorticity, pressure, and the velocity gradient tensor, quantities useful for probing the results of a simulation, particularly when looking for coherent vortices and coherent structures. Chapters 4 and 5 feature an in-depth discussion of spectral subgrid-scale modeling. Although physical-space models are generally more readily applied, spectral models give insight into the requirements and limitations in subgrid-scale modeling and backscattering. A third special feature is the detailed discussion in Chapter 7, of large-eddy simulation of compressible flows previously only available in articles scattered throughout the literature. This will be of interest to those dealing with supersonic flows, combustion, astrophysics, and other related topics.

This survey of the current state of the art in computational models for turbulent reacting flows carefully analyzes the strengths and weaknesses of the various techniques described. Rodney Fox focuses on the formulation of practical models as opposed to numerical issues arising from their solution. He develops a theoretical framework based on the one-point, one-time joint probability density function (PDF). The study reveals that all commonly employed models for turbulent reacting flows can be formulated in terms of the joint PDF of the chemical species and enthalpy.

This comprehensive two-volume reference covers the application of the finite element method to incompressible flows in fluid mechanics, addressing the theoretical background and the development of appropriate numerical methods applied to their solution.
Volume One provides extensive coverage of the prototypical fluid mechanics equation: the advection-diffusion equation. For both this equation and the equations of principal interest - the Navier-Stokes equations (covered in detail in Volume Two) - a discussion of both the continuous and discrete equations is presented, as well as explanations of how to properly march the time-dependent equations using smart implicit methods. Boundary and initial conditions, so important in applications, are carefully described and discussed, including well-posedness. The important role played by the pressure, so confusing in the past, is carefully explained.
The book explains and emphasizes consistency in six areas:
* consistent mass matrix
* consistent pressure Poisson equation
* consistent penalty methods
* consistent normal direction
* consistent heat flux
* consistent forces
Fully indexed and referenced, this book is an essential reference tool for all researchers, students and applied scientists in incompressible fluid mechanics.

Following the highly successful first edition, this text deals with numerical solutions of coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical problems in porous media. Governing equations are newly derived in a general form using both averaging methods (hybrid mixture theory) and an engineering approach. Unique new features of the book include numerical solutions for fully and partially saturated consolidation, subsidence analysis including far field boundary conditions (Infinite Elements), new case studies and also petroleum reservoir simulation. Extended heat and mass transfer in partially saturated porous media, and consideration of phase change, are covered in detail. In addition, large strain, fully and partially saturated, soil dynamics problems are explained. Back analysis for consolidation problems is also included. Significantly, the reader is provided with access to a Finite Element code for coupled thermo-hydro-mechanical problems in partially saturated porous media with full two phase flow and phase change, written according to the theory outlined in the book and obtainable via the Network of the Italian Research Council (COMES). With a range of engineering applications from geotechnical and petroleum engineering through to bioengineering and materials science, this book represents an important resource for students, researchers and practising engineers in all these and related fields.

High Speed Flow covers subsonic and supersonic flight, shock waves, high-speed aerofoils, and temperature changes. Starting from first principles, the book gives complete and elementary derivations of all results, and takes the reader to research level in the subject. C.J. Chapman includes many exercises and an extensive bibliography, providing access to the entire literature from 1860 to the present, with over two hundred items published since 1990. An extensive set of formulae on thermodynamics and oblique shock waves is also included.

This comprehensive text links abstract mathematics to engineering applications in order to provide a clear and thorough exploration of fluid dynamics. Focus is on the development of mathematical models of physical phenomena and the wide range of technologies available to students. Filled with examples and problems inspired by real engineering applications, this resource will not only teach, but motivate students to further emerge themselves in the field.

When installed and operated properly, general purpose steam turbines are reliable and tend to be forgotten, i.e., out of sound and out of mind. But, they can be sleeping giants that can result in major headaches if ignored. Three real steam turbine undesirable consequences that immediately come to mind are: * Injury and secondary damage due to an overspeed failure. An overspeed failure on a big steam or gas turbine is one of the most frightening of industrial accidents. * The high cost of an extensive overhaul due to an undetected component failure. A major steam turbine repair can cost ten or more times that of a garden variety centrifugal pump repair. * Costly production loses due an extended outage if the driven pump or compressor train is unspared. The value of lost production can quickly exceed repair costs. A major goal of this book is to provide readers with detailed operating procedure aimed at reducing these risks to minimal levels. Start-ups are complicated by the fact that operators must deal with numerous start-up scenarios, such as: * Commissioning a newly installed steam turbine * Starting ups after a major steam turbine repair * Starting up a proven steam turbine after an outage * Overspeed trip testing It is not enough to simply have a set of procedures in the control room for reference. To be effective, operating procedures must be clearly written down, taught, and practiced until they become habit.

In many plants, vibration and noise problems occur due to fluid flow, which can greatly disrupt smooth plant operations. These flow-related phenomena are called flow-induced vibration. This book explains how and why such vibrations happen and provides hints and tips on how to avoid them in future plant design. The world-leading author team doesn't assume prior knowledge of mathematical methods and provides the reader with information on the basics of modeling. The book includes several practical examples and thorough explanations of the structure, the evaluation method and the mechanisms to aid understanding of flow-induced vibrations.

Hydrodynamics and Transport Processes of Inverse Bubbly Flow provides the science and fundamentals behind hydrodynamic characteristics, including flow regimes, gas entrainment, pressure drop, holdup and mixing characteristics, bubble size distribution, and the interfacial area of inverse bubble flow regimes. Special attention is given to mass and heat transfer. This book is an indispensable reference for researchers in academia and industry working in chemical and biochemical engineering. Hydrodynamics and Transport Processes of Inverse Bubbly Flow helps facilitate a better understanding of the phenomena of multiphase flow systems as used in chemical and biochemical industries.

Basics of Engineering Turbulence introduces flow turbulence to engineers and engineering students who have a fluid dynamics background, but do not have advanced knowledge on the subject. It covers the basic characteristics of flow turbulence in terms of its many scales. The author uses a pedagogical approach to help readers better understand the fundamentals of turbulence scales, especially how they are derived through the order of magnitude analysis. This book is intended for those who have an interest in flowing fluids. It provides some background, though of limited scope, on everyday flow turbulence, especially in engineering applications. The book begins with the 'basics' of turbulence which is necessary for any reader being introduced to the subject, followed by several examples of turbulence in engineering applications. This overall approach gives readers all they need to grasp both the fundamentals of turbulence and its applications in practical instances.