In the recent decades, efficiency enhancement of refineries and chemical plants has been become a focus of research and development groups. Use of nanofluids in absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes can lead to mass transfer and heat transfer enhancement in processes which results in an increased efficiency in all these processes. Nanofluids and Mass Transfer introduces the role of nanofluids in improving mass transfer phenomena and expressing their characteristics and properties. The book also covers the theory and modelling procedures in details and finally illustrates various applications of Nanofluids in mass transfer enhancement in various processes such as absorption, regeneration, liquid-liquid extraction and membrane processes and how can nanofluids increase mass transfer in processes.

Contents:
The phenomenal of fluid turbulence; scalars; vectors and tensors; basic continuum equations; averages, Reynolds decompositions, and the closure problem; Fourier analysis, the spectral form of the continuum equations and homogeneous turbulence; turbulence, nonlinear dynamics, and deterministic chaos; epilogue.

This comprehensive guide offers authoritative answers on flow measurement from dozens of leading experts. Fully illustrated with diagrams, tables, and formulas, Flow Measurement covers virtually every type of flow meter in use today, including those for heat exchangers and gaseous fuels, and laminar, magnetic and mass flow meters. Valuable information on applications and selection criteria.

The Euler and Navier-Stokes equations are the fundamental mathematical models of fluid mechanics, and their study remains central in the modern theory of partial differential equations. This volume of articles, derived from the workshop 'PDEs in Fluid Mechanics' held at the University of Warwick in 2016, serves to consolidate, survey and further advance research in this area. It contains reviews of recent progress and classical results, as well as cutting-edge research articles. Topics include Onsager's conjecture for energy conservation in the Euler equations, weak-strong uniqueness in fluid models and several chapters address the Navier-Stokes equations directly; in particular, a retelling of Leray's formative 1934 paper in modern mathematical language. The book also covers more general PDE methods with applications in fluid mechanics and beyond. This collection will serve as a helpful overview of current research for graduate students new to the area and for more established researchers.

This volume collects the edited and reviewed contributions presented in the 8th iTi Conference on Turbulence, held in Bertinoro, Italy, in September 2018. In keeping with the spirit of the conference, the book was produced afterwards, so that the authors had the opportunity to incorporate comments and discussions raised during the event. The respective contributions, which address both fundamental and applied aspects of turbulence, have been structured according to the following main topics: I TheoryII Wall-bounded flowsIII Simulations and modellingIV ExperimentsV Miscellaneous topicsVI Wind energy

The book presents an integrated planning concept for heat flows in production systems comprising various short term and long term related models. Detailed explanations about the modeling and implementation of all relevant system elements such as generic and specific machines types, technical building services (TBS), production planning and control aspects, heat storage units and (waste) heat designs follow. Due to resulting amounts of data, the concept foresees system level appropriate indicators and visualizations for a facilitatedevaluation of the model results. An application procedure embeds and describes all models as well.Three exemplary application cases demonstrate the applicability, including the manufacturing of shafts for automotive transmissions, a cooling water system and an academic learning environment.

Computational Techniques for Multiphase Flows, Second Edition, provides the latest research and theories covering the most popular multiphase flows The book begins with an overview of the state-of-the-art techniques for multiple numerical methods in handling multiphase flow, compares them, and finally highlights their strengths and weaknesses. In addition, it covers more straightforward, conventional theories and governing equations in early chapters, moving on to the more modern and complex computational models and tools later in the book. It is therefore accessible to those who may be new to the subject while also featuring topics of interest to the more experienced researcher. Mixed or multiphase flows of solid/liquid or solid/gas are commonly found in many industrial fields, and their behavior is complex and difficult to predict in many cases. The use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has emerged as a powerful tool for understanding fluid mechanics in multiphase reactors, which are widely used in the chemical, petroleum, mining, food, automotive, energy, aerospace and pharmaceutical industries. This revised edition is an ideal reference for scientists, MSc students and chemical and mechanical engineers in these areas.

This book presents an introduction to viscoelasticity, in particular, to the theories of dilute polymer solutions and dilute suspensions of rigid particles in viscous and incompressible fluids. These theories are important, not just because they apply to practical problems of industrial interest, but because they form a solid theoretical base upon which mathematical techniques can be built, from which more complex theories can be constructed, to better mimic material behaviour. The emphasis of this book is not on the voluminous current topical research, but on the necessary tools to understand viscoelasticity. This is a compact book for a first year graduate course in viscoelasticity and modelling of viscoelastic multiphase fluids. The Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) is introduced as a particle-based method, relevant in modelling of complex-structured fluids. All the basic ideas in DPD are reviewed. The third edition has been updated and expanded with new results in the meso-scale modelling, links between the fluid modelling to its physical parameters and new matlab programs illustrating the modelling. Particle-based modelling techniques for complex-structure fluids are added together with some sample programs. A solution manual to the problems is included.

This book explores the outcomes on flow control research activities carried out within the framework of two EU-funded projects focused on training-through-research of Marie Sklodowska-Curie doctoral students. The main goal of the projects described in this monograph is to assess the potential of the passive- and active-flow control methods for reduction of fuel consumption by a helicopter. The research scope encompasses the fields of structural dynamics, fluid flow dynamics, and actuators with control. Research featured in this volume demonstrates an experimental and numerical approach with a strong emphasis on the verification and validation of numerical models. The book is ideal for engineers, students, and researchers interested in the multidisciplinary field of flow control.

This book provides essential information on the higher mathematical level of approximation over the gradually varied flow theory, also referred to as the Boussinesq-type theory. In this context, it presents higher order flow equations, together with their applications in a broad range of pertinent engineering and environmental problems, including open channel, groundwater, and granular material flows.

This book offers a comprehensive introduction to polymer rheology with a focus on the viscoelastic characterization of polymeric materials. It contains various numerical algorithms for the processing of viscoelastic data, from basic principles to advanced examples which are hard to find in the existing literature. The book takes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the viscoelasticity of polymers, and is self-contained, including the essential mathematics, continuum mechanics, polymer science and statistical mechanics needed to understand the theories of polymer viscoelasticity. It covers recent achievements in polymer rheology, such as theoretical and experimental aspects of large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS), and numerical methods for linear viscoelasticity, as well as new insights into the interpretation of experimental data. Although the book is balanced between the theoretical and experimental aspects of polymer rheology, the author's particular interest in the theoretical side will not remain hidden. Aimed at readers familiar with the mathematics and physics of engineering at an undergraduate level, the multidisciplinary approach employed enables researchers with various scientific backgrounds to expand their knowledge of polymer rheology in a systematic way.

Colloidal suspensions are encountered in a multitude of natural, biological and industrially relevant products and processes. Understanding what affects the flow behavior, or rheology, of colloid particles, and how these suspensions can be manipulated, is important for successful formulation of products such as paint, polymers, foods and pharmaceuticals. This book is the first devoted to the study of colloidal rheology in all its aspects. With material presented in an introductory manner, and complex mathematical derivations kept to a minimum, the reader will gain a strong grasp of the basic principles of colloid science and rheology. Beginning with purely hydrodynamic effects, the contributions of Brownian motion and interparticle forces are covered, before the reader is guided through specific problem areas, such as thixotropy and shear thickening; special classes of colloid suspensions are also treated. An essential guide for academic and industrial researchers, this book is also ideal for graduate course use.

Modelling and Simulation of Reactive Flows presents information on modeling and how to numerically solve reactive flows. The book offers a distinctive approach that combines diffusion flames and geochemical flow problems, providing users with a comprehensive resource that bridges the gap for scientists, engineers, and the industry. Specifically, the book looks at the basic concepts related to reaction rates, chemical kinetics, and the development of reduced kinetic mechanisms. It considers the most common methods used in practical situations, along with equations for reactive flows, and various techniques-including flamelet, ILDM, and Redim-for jet flames and plumes, with solutions for both. In addition, the book includes techniques to accelerate the convergence of numerical simulation, and a discussion on the analysis of uncertainties with numerical results, making this a useful reference for anyone who is interested in both combustion in free flow and in porous media.

"Analysis and Modelling of Non-Steady Flow in Pipe and Channel Networks" deals with flows in pipes and channel networks from the standpoints of hydraulics and modelling techniques and methods. These engineering problems occur in the course of the design and construction of hydroenergy plants, water-supply and other systems. In this book, the author presents his experience in solving these problems from the early 1970s to the present day. During this period new methods of solving hydraulic problems have evolved, due to the development of computers and numerical methods.

This book is accompanied by a website which hosts the author's software package, "Simpip ""("an abbreviation of "sim""ulation of pipe flow) "for solving non-steady pipe flow using the finite element method. The program also covers flows in channels. The book presents the numerical core of the SimpipCore program (written in Fortran).

Key features: Presents the theory and practice of modelling different flows in hydraulic networksTakes a systematic approach and addresses the topic from the fundamentalsPresents numerical solutions based on finite element analysisAccompanied by a website hosting supporting material including the SimpipCore project as a standalone program

"Analysis and Modelling of Non-Steady Flow in Pipe and Channel Networks" is an ideal reference book for engineers, practitioners and graduate students across engineering disciplines.

Integrating basic to applied science and technology in medicine, pharmaceutics, molecular biology, biomedical engineering, biophysics and irreversible thermodynamics, this book covers cutting-edge research of the structure and function of biomaterials at a molecular level. In addition, it examines for the first time studies performed at the nano- and micro scale. With innovative technologies and methodologies aiming to clarify the molecular mechanism and macroscopic relationship, Nano/Micro Science and Technology in Biorheology thoroughly covers the basic principles of these studies, with helpful step-by-step explanations of methodologies and insight into medical applications. Written by pioneering researchers, the book is a valuable resource for academics and industry scientists, as well as graduate students, working or studying in bio-related fields.

This immensely practical guide to PIV provides a condensed, yet exhaustive guide to most of the information needed for experiments employing the technique. This second edition has updated chapters on the principles and extra information on microscopic, high-speed and three component measurements as well as a description of advanced evaluation techniques. What's more, the huge increase in the range of possible applications has been taken into account as the chapter describing these applications of the PIV technique has been expanded.

The "Turbulence and Interactions 2006" (TI2006) conference was held on the island of Porquerolles, France, May 29-June 2, 2006. The scientific sponsors of the conference were * Association Francaise de Mecanique, * CD-adapco, * DGA * Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), * ERCOFTAC : European Research Community on Flow, Turbulence and Combustion, * FLUENT, * The French Ministery of Foreign Affairs, * Laboratoire de Modelisation en Mecanique, Paris 6, * ONERA. The conference was a unique event. Never before have so many organisations concerned with turbulence works come together in one conference. As the title "Turbulence and Interactions" anticipated, the workshop was not run with parallel sessions but instead of one united gathering where people had strong interactions and discussions. Many of the 85 or so attendants were veterans of previous ERCOFTAC conferences. Some young researchers attended their very first int- national meeting. The organisers were fortunate in obtaining the presence of the following - vited speakers: N. Adams (TUM, Germany), C. Cambon (ECL, France), J.-P. Dussauge (Polytech Marseille, France), D.A. Gosman (Imperial College, UK), Y. Kaneda (Nagoya University, Japan), O. Simonin (IMFT, France), G. Tryggvason (WPI, USA), D. Veynante (ECP, France), F. Waleffe (University of Wisconsin, USA), Y.K. Zhou (University of California, USA). The topics covered by the 59 papers ranged from experimental results through theory to computations. The papers of the conference went through the usual - viewing process for two special issues of international journals : Computers and Fluids, and Flow, Turbulence and Combustion.

Part textbook, part exploratory work, this book aims to raise the awareness of students, physicists, and engineers in turbulence on the modeling of gravitationally induced turbulent mixing flows as produced, for instance, by Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. The discussion is centered on the differences between single-fluid and two-fluid approaches, and it is illustrated with a 0D analysis of two specific elementary models in common use. Important deviations are shown to appear on many features, among others the prominence of directed energy, the simultaneous restitution of test cases, the responses to variable acceleration and shocks, and the behavior of various length scales.

In this book we will introduce the modeling process of turbulent particulate flows which are encountered in many engineering and environmental applications. These types of flows usually also involve heat and mass transfer and turbulence adds another dimension to the complexity of the problem and hence a rigorous mathematical treatment is usually required. This required mathematical background makes the learning curve for new research students and practicing engineers extremely steep. Therefore modeling process for new or existing problems is extremely slow and is usually restricted to minor improvements to the to the available models.

In this book we try to gather the required mathematical knowledge and introduce them more intuitively. Many numerical simulations of basic processes and equation will be given to provide the reader with a physical understanding of the different terms in the underlying equations. We will start the modeling process from a mesoscopic level which deals with the system of an intermediate length scale between the size of the atoms or molecules and the bulk of the material. This provides a unique opportunity for the reader to intuitively add different phenomena to their models and equipped with the necessary mathematical tools derive the final models for their problems.

The International Workshop on Turbulent Combustion was held September 14-15, 2000, at the Nagoya Institute of Technology, to review the present status of turbu lent combustion studies. Reviews were presented by Prof. F. A. Williams of the Uni versity of California, San Diego; Prof. Ken Bray of the University of Cambridge; and Prof. Jay Gore of Purdue University. Dr. Howard Baum of the National Institute of Standards and Technology and Dr. Jim McDonough of the University of Ken tucky participated in the discussion. Some ten papers, describing the latest findings of Japanese studies in this field, were given at the meeting. About half of these studies are supported by a national project, the Open and Integrated Research Pro gram, Creation of New Functionalized Thermo-Fluid Systems by Turbulence Con trol, that started only recently under the sponsorship of the Science and Technology Agency of Japan. The meeting was a great success and gave impetus and a sense of perspective to young Japanese researchers through the excellent reviews and valu able comments their work received. I believe that this kind of open discussion is indispensable for any project to produce a good outcome, and I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all who participated in the meeting. Finally, I would like to express my special thanks to Prof. Tatsuya Hasegawa of the Nagoya Institute of Technology, Prof. Akira Yoshida of Tokyo Denki University, Prof."

The workshop "Dynamics and Structure of vortices" was held in the Clo tre des Penitents in Rouen, France on the 27th and 28th April,1999. Our understanding of the structure and dynamics of vortices has improved considerably during the last few years, mainly thanks to progress in turbulence research, where these structures have been shown to play an important role. The aim of this French workshop was to gather theoreticians, computational researchers and experimentalists to illuminate various aspects of this sub ject. We wanted on the one hand to present the state of art, and on the other hand to collect the most recent contributions on the structure and dynamics of vortices. This volume presents 22 articles corresponding to seminars and presen- tions given during this workshop. The ?rst three articles correspond to general presentations: A. Babiano presents the two-dimensional aspects of vortices; S. Huberson and O. Daube give a review on numerical methods applied to vortical ?ow; and M. Rossi presents theories of vortex instability. The following 19 papers correspond to presentations given by the parti- pants on their research subjects related to experimental, numerical or theore- cal aspects of vortices. Many of these studies are tied to related ?elds, such as turbulence, aerodynamics, wakes, geophysics, mixing, particles dynamics ... The scienti?c committee of the workshop, A. Babiano, A. Maurel, P. Pet- jeans and M. Rossi thank the CNRS for ?nancial support through the Groupe de Recherche "Turbulence" and the Groupe de Recherche "M ecanique fon- mentale des ?uides geophysiques et astrophysiques,"and also the Association Fran, caise de M ecanique."

"Analysis of Turbulent Flows" is written by one of the most prolific authors in the field of CFD. Professor of Aerodynamics at SUPAERO and Director of DMAE at ONERA, Professor Tuncer Cebeci calls on both his academic and industrial experience when presenting this work. Each chapter has been specifically constructed to provide a comprehensive overview of turbulent flow and its measurement. "Analysis of Turbulent Flows" serves as an advanced textbook for PhD candidates working in the field of CFD and is essential reading for researchers, practitioners in industry and MSc and MEng students.

The field of CFD is strongly represented by the following corporate organizations: Boeing, Airbus, Thales, United Technologies and General Electric. Government bodies and academic institutions also have a strong interest in this exciting field.
An overview of the development and application of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), with real applications to industryContains a unique section on short-cut methods - simple approaches to practical engineering problems

This book benefits users, manufacturers and engineers by drawing together an overall view of the technology. It attempts to give the reader an appreciation of the extent to which slurry transport is presently employed, the theoretical basis for pipeline design, the practicalities of design and new developments.

When this volume was first published in 1971, the science of deformation of materials, now usually known as rheology, had branched out into several new and significant areas of research. In particular, the search for compounds with specified desirable properties had produced synthetic materials of great technological importance. This third edition contains authoritative contributions from specialists in the various fields. The aim of the book was to draw together and discuss the problems of physicists, chemists and technologists, and the editors attempted, in so far as it was possible for a science in a state of growth, to trace a unity of thought THAT is seldom apparent in the literature of this subject. The early chapters deal with the physical principles of elasticity, plasticity and viscosity, and relate physical and chemical structure to rheological properties. Individual chapters later in the book contain comparative accounts of a wide range of materials, some naturally occurring and others man-made; the general theoretical laws of rheology are compared with experimental observations.

This book contains contributions by colleagues, former students and friends of Professor Eli Reshotko in celebration of his 60th birth day. Since Professor Reshotko's scientific and engineering contribu tions have been in the areas of hydrodynamic stability, transition to turbulence, and boundary layer flows, it is only appropriate that the articles in this volume be devoted to these and related topics. The first two sections focus on instabilities and transition in sub sonic and supersonic flows, respectively. The third section deals with developing turbulence, while the the final section treats related prob lems in engineering fluid mechanics. The diversity and scope of the articles contained herein exemplify the insight and expertise required in the study of transitional and turbulent flows today - traits which also exemplify Eli Reshotko's contributions to these fields. A few of the articles in this volume were presented at a sym posium in honor of Eli Reshotko's 60th birthday, held in Newport News, Virginia, on July 28, 1991. The symposium was sponsored by lCASE, and organized by M.Y. Hussaini (lCASE) and R. Hirsh (U.S. National Science Foundation). Of those who could not attend, many chose to honor Professor Reshotko by a contribution to the volume dedicated to him. We would like to use this opportunity to express our deep ap preciation to M.Y. Hussaini for initiating this very special tribute to Eli, and to Ms. Emily Todd for her efforts in the volume preparation and in the organization of the symposium."