Oil spills are a serious marine disaster. Oil spill accidents usually occur in shipping, ports and offshore oil development. Although most are emergent events, once an oil spill occurs, it will cause great harm to the marine ecological environment, and bring direct harm to the economic development along the affected coast as well as to human health and public safety. Information Engineering of Emergency Treatment for Marine Oil Spill Accidents analyzes the causes of these accidents, introduces China's emergency response system, discusses technologies such as remote sensing and monitoring of oil spill on the sea surface and oil fingerprint identification, studies model prediction of marine oil spill behavior and fate and emergency treatment technologies for oil spills on the sea surface, and emphatically introduces the emergency prediction and warning system for oil spills in the Bohai Sea as well as oil spill-sensitive resources and emergency resource management systems. Features: The status quo and causes of marine oil spill pollution, as well as hazards of oil spill on the sea. The emergency response system for marine oil spills. Model-based prediction methods of marine oil spills. A series of used and developing emergency treatments of oil spill on the sea. This book serves as a reference for scientific investigators who want to understand the key technologies for emergency response to marine oil spill accidents, including the current level and future development trend of China in this field.

Simultaneous Multi-Pollutants Removal in Flue Gas by Ozone mainly introduces the multi-pollution control technology in flue gas by ozone oxidation. Based on the authors' recent research works, the book will provide readers with the updated fundamental research findings, comprised of the detail kinetic mechanisms between ozone and gas components in flue gas integrated with experimental and kinetic modeling work. The demonstration case of the multi-pollutant removal technology by ozone is also presented. The book is suitable for the researchers working in the areas of energy and environmental protection, and pollutant control technology. Zhihua Wang is a Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization of Zhejiang University; Kefa Cen is the Academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering, and the director of Institute for Thermal Power Engineering of Zhejiang University; Junhu Zhou is a Qiushi Scholar Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization of Zhejiang University; Jianren Fan is the Cheung Kong Scholar Professor at the State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization of Zhejiang University.

A thorough introduction to environmental monitoring in the oil and gas industry Analytical Techniques in the Oil and Gas Industry for Environmental Monitoring examines the analytical side of the oil and gas industry as it also provides an overall introduction to the industry. You'll discover how oil and natural gas are sourced, refined, and processed. You can learn about what's produced from oil and natural gas, and why evaluating these sourced resources is important. The book discusses the conventional analyses for oil and natural gas feeds, along with their limitations. It offers detailed descriptions of advanced analytical techniques that are commercially available, plus explanations of gas and oil industry equipment and instrumentation. You'll find technique descriptions supplemented with a list of references as well as with real-life application examples. With this book as a reference, you can prepare to apply specific analytical methods in your organization's lab environment. Analytical Techniques can also serve as your comprehensive resource on key techniques in the characterization of oil and gas samples, within both refinery and environmental contexts. Understand of the scope of oil and gas industry techniques available Consider the benefits and limitations of each available process Prepare for applying analytical techniques in your lab See real examples and a list of references for each technique Read descriptions of off-line analytics, as well as on-line and process applications As a chemist, engineer, instructor, or student, this book will also expand your awareness of the role these techniques have in environmental monitoring and environmental impact assessments.

Lean burning of premixed gases is considered to be a promising combustion technology for future clean and highly efficient gas turbine combustors. Yet researchers face several challenges in dealing with premixed turbulent combustion, from its nonlinear multiscale nature and the impact of local phenomena to the multitude of competing models. Filling a gap in the literature, Fundamentals of Premixed Turbulent Combustion introduces the state of the art of premixed turbulent combustion in an accessible manner for newcomers and experienced researchers alike. To more deeply consider current research issues, the book focuses on the physical mechanisms and phenomenology of premixed flames, with a brief discussion of recent advances in partially premixed turbulent combustion. It begins with a summary of the relevant knowledge needed from disciplines such as thermodynamics, chemical kinetics, molecular transport processes, and fluid dynamics. The book then presents experimental data on the general appearance of premixed turbulent flames and details the physical mechanisms that could affect the flame behavior. It also examines the physical and numerical models for predicting the key features of premixed turbulent combustion. Emphasizing critical analysis, the book compares competing concepts and viewpoints with one another and with the available experimental data, outlining the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. In addition, it discusses recent advances and highlights unresolved issues. Written by a leading expert in the field, this book provides a valuable overview of the physics of premixed turbulent combustion. Combining simplicity and topicality, it helps researchers orient themselves in the contemporary literature and guides them in selecting the best research tools for their work.

The objective of this practical oil and gas piping handbook is to facilitate project management teams of oil and gas piping related construction projects to understand the key requirements of the discipline and to equip them with the necessary knowledge and protocol. It provides a comprehensive coverage on all the practical aspects of piping related material sourcing, fabrication essentials, welding related items, NDT activities, erection of pipes, pre-commissioning, commissioning, post-commissioning, project management and importance of ISO Management systems in oil and gas piping projects. This handbook assists contractors in ensuring the right understanding and application of protocols in the project. One of the key assets of this handbook is that the technical information and the format provided are practically from real time oil and gas piping projects; hence, the application of this information is expected to enhance the credibility of the contractors in the eyes of the clients and to some extent, simplify the existing operations. Another important highlight is that it holistically covers the stages from the raw material to project completion to handover and beyond. This will help the oil and gas piping contractors to train their project management staff to follow the best practices in the oil and gas industry. Furthermore, this piping handbook provides an important indication of the important project-related factors (hard factors) and organizational-related factors (soft factors) to achieve the desired project performance dimensions, such as timely completion, cost control, acceptable quality, safe execution and financial performance. Lastly, the role of ISO management systems, such as ISO 9001, ISO 14001 and OHSAS 18001 in construction projects is widely known across the industry; however, oil and gas specific ISO quality management systems, such as ISO 29001, and project specific management systems, such as ISO 21500, are not widely known in the industry, which are explained in detail in this handbook for the benefit of the oil and gas construction organizations. Features: Covering the stages from the raw material to project completion, to handover and beyond Providing practical guidelines to oil and gas piping contractors for training purposes and best practices in the oil and gas industry Emphasizing project-related factors (hard factors) and organizational-related factors (soft factors) with a view to achieve the desired project performance Highlighting the roles of ISO management systems in oil and gas projects.

Many of the world's climate scientists believe that the build-up of heat-trapping CO2 in the atmosphere will lead to global warming unless we burn less fossil fuels. At the same time, energy must be supplied in increasing amounts for the developing world to continue its growth. This work discusses the feasibility of increasingly efficient energy use and the potential for supplying energy from sources that do not introduce CO2. The book analyzes the prospects for Earth-based renewables: solar, wind, biomass, hydroelectricity, geothermal and ocean energy. It then discusses nuclear fission and fusion, and the relatively new idea of harvesting solar energy on satellites or lunar bases. It will be essential reading for all those interested in energy issues.

Production chemistry issues result from changes in well stream fluids, both liquid and gaseous, during processing. Since crude oil production is characterized by variable production rates and unpredictable changes to the nature of the produced fluids, it is essential for production chemists to have a range of chemical additives available for rectifying issues that would not otherwise be fully resolved. Modern production methods, the need to upgrade crude oils of variable quality, and environmental constraints demand chemical solutions. Thus, oilfield production chemicals are necessary to overcome or minimize the effects of the production chemistry problems. Production Chemicals for the Oil and Gas Industry, Second Edition discusses a wide variety of production chemicals used by the oil and gas industry for down-hole and topside applications both onshore and offshore. Incorporating the large amount of research and applications since the first edition, this new edition reviews all past and present classes of production chemicals, providing numerous difficult-to-obtain references, especially SPE papers and patents. Unlike other texts that focus on how products perform in the field, this book focuses on the specific structures of chemicals that are known to deliver the required or desired performance-information that is very useful for research and development. Each updated chapter begins by introducing a problem, such as scale or corrosion, for which there is a production chemical. The author then briefly discusses all chemical and nonchemical methods to treat the problem and provides in-depth descriptions of the structural classes of relevant production chemicals. He also mentions, when available, the environmental properties of chemicals and whether the chemical or technique has been successfully used in the field. This edition includes two new chapters and nearly 50 percent more references.

This is the fifth volume in a series of books focusing on natural gas engineering, focusing on the extraction and disposal of acid gas. This volume includes information for both upstream and downstream operations, including chapters on modeling, carbon capture, chemical and thermodynamic models, and much more. Written by some of the most well-known and respected chemical and process engineers working with natural gas today, the chapters in this important volume represent the most cutting-edge and state-of-the-art processes and operations being used in the field. Not available anywhere else, this volume is a must-have for any chemical engineer, chemist, or process engineer working with natural gas. There are updates of new technologies in other related areas of natural gas, in addition to the extraction and disposal of acid gas, including testing, reservoir simulations, acid gas injection, and natural gas hydrate formations. Advances in Natural Gas Engineering is an ongoing series of books meant to form the basis for the working library of any engineer working in natural gas today. Every volume is a must-have for any engineer or library.

As an increasing number of professionals and graduate students enter the field of solid-based power generation, they all require an command of process and equipment, as well as the theory behind it all. However, their informational needs and understanding differ based on their experience and the task at hand.

Solid Fuels Combustion and Gasification: Modeling, Simulation, and Equipment Operations, Second Edition explores evolving solid fuel combustion and gasification techniques that are leading to much lower sulfur and nitrogen oxide emissions. It also shows how to increase the efficiency of processes dealing with materials such as coal, biomass, solid residues, etc. Many of the successes of these methods are the result of process optimization resulting from mathematical modeling and simulation. This book introduces and explores these techniques, taking a moderate approach that is neither too narrow nor too basic, making it useful to graduate students, engineers, and professionals.

It illustrates the modeling and constructive and operational aspects of equipment used in combustion and gasification of solid fuels. It was written based on the idea that developing models and computer simulators is the optimal method to acquire real and testable understanding of a subject in the area of processing.

Model complexity is extended only as far as needed to achieve a reasonable representation of the equipment described in the book, and the author provides specific and carefully selected case studies that:

• Cover many industrial processes involving combustion or gasification of solid fuels
• Provide easy-to-follow examples on how to set simplifying assumptions regarding the operation of real industrial equipment
• Enable relatively quick introduction of fundamental equations without the need for unnecessarily complex treatments

The main strategy of the book is to teach by example, and the basic methods illustrated here can be used for modeling a wide range of processes and equipment commonly found in industry. It is a carefully constructed volume which presents essential concepts that minimize the need for other texts, and it can also be used as an introduction to more complex models.

This textbook is intended for post-graduate students in mechanical and allied engineering disciplines. It will also be helpful to scientists and engineers working in the areas of combustion to recapitulate the fundamental and generally applied aspects of combustion. This textbook comprehensively covers the fundamental aspects of combustion. It includes physical descriptions of premixed and non-premixed flames. It provides a detailed analysis of the basic ideas and design characteristics of burners for gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. A chapter on alternative renewable fuels has also been included to bring out the need, characteristics and usage of alternative fuels. Review questions have been provided at the end of each chapter which will help the students to evaluate their understanding of the important concepts covered in that chapter. Several standard text books have been cited in the chapters and are listed towards the end, as suggested reading, to enable the readers to refer them when required. The textbook will be useful for students in mechanical, aerospace and related fields of engineering. It will also be a good resource for professionals and researchers working in the areas of combustion technology.

Distillation & Hydrocarbon Processing Practices is a practical reference guide to the design and operations of hydrocarbon processing plants (refineries, petrochemical plants, and gas processing plants). Ashis Nag illustrates advanced practices in distillation with examples of process simulation and basic principles. Nag's extensive knowledge and more than 35 years of experience as an engineer supply the practical examples and design guidelines contained in this text. Its many case studies will assist engineering students as well as practicing engineers in understanding the inner workings at these complex facilities.

Ludwig's Applied Process Design for Chemical and Petrochemical Plants Incorporating Process Safety Incidents, Fifth Edition, Volume One is ever evolving and provides improved techniques and fundamental design methodologies to guide the practicing engineer in designing process equipment and applying chemical processes to properly detailed hardware. Like its predecessor, this new edition continues to present updated information for achieving optimum operational and process conditions and avoiding problems caused by inadequate sizing and lack of internally detailed hardware. The volume provides both fundamental theories, where applicable, and direct application of these theories to applied equations essential in the design effort. This approach in presenting design information is essential for troubleshooting process equipment and in executing system performance analysis. Volume 1 covers process planning, flow-sheeting, scheduling, cost estimation, economic factors, physical properties of liquids and gases, fluid flow, mixing of liquids, mechanical separations, process safety, pressure-relieving devices, metallurgy and corrosion, and process optimization. The book builds upon Ludwig’s classic text to further enhance its use as a chemical engineering process design manual of methods and proven fundamentals. This new edition includes new content on three-phase separation, ejectors and mechanical vacuum systems, process safety management, HAZOP and hazard analyses, and optimization of chemical process/blending.

Evo Morales, Bolivia's first Indigenous president, won reelection three times on a leftist platform championing Indigenous rights, anti-imperialism, and Bolivian control over the country's natural gas reserves. In Bolivia in the Age of Gas, Bret Gustafson explores how the struggle over natural gas has reshaped Bolivia, along with the rise, and ultimate fall, of the country's first Indigenous-led government. Rethinking current events against the backdrop of a longer history of oil and gas politics and military intervention, Gustafson shows how natural gas wealth brought a measure of economic independence and redistribution, yet also reproduced political and economic relationships that contradicted popular and Indigenous aspirations for radical change. Though grounded in the unique complexities of Bolivia, the volume argues that fossil-fuel political economies worldwide are central to the reproduction of militarism and racial capitalism and suggests that progressive change demands moving beyond fossil-fuel dependence and the social and ecological ills that come with it.

This book highlights recent advancements in such an important topic, through contribution from experts demonstrating different applications in 'day-to-day' life, both existing and newly emerging biological technologies, and thought provoking approaches from different parts of the world, potential future prospects associated with some frontier development in non-conventional energy sources. It covers different aspects of cellulosic and lignocellulosic biomass; Cellulosics Biorefinery; Algal Biofuels; Biodiesel; Bioethanol; Microbial Fuel Cells; Biofuel cells; and biohydrogen production. This book is a comprehensive and informative compilation for international readers, especially undergraduate, post graduate students and researchers.

Geopressure drives fluid flow and is important for hydrocarbon exploration, carbon sequestration, and designing safe and economical wells. This concise guide explores the origins of geopressure and presents a step-by-step approach to characterizing and predicting pressure and least principal stress in the subsurface. The book emphasizes how geology, and particularly the role of flow along permeable layers, drives the development and distribution of subsurface pressure and stress. Case studies, such as the Deepwater Horizon blowout, and laboratory experiments, are used throughout to demonstrate methods and applications. It succinctly discusses the role of elastoplastic behaviour, the full stress tensor, and diagenesis in pore pressure generation, and it presents workflows to predict pressure, stress, and hydrocarbon entrapment. It is an essential guide for academics and professional geoscientists and petroleum engineers interested in predicting pressure and stress, and understanding the role of geopressure in geological processes, well design, hydrocarbon entrapment, and carbon sequestration.

ACOUSTIC AND VIBRATIONAL ENHANCED OIL RECOVERY Oil and gas is still a major energy source all over the world, and techniques like these, which are more environmentally friendly and inexpensive than many previous development and production technologies, are important for making fossil fuels more sustainable and less hazardous to the environment. Based on research they did in the 1970s in Russia and the United States, the authors discovered that oil rate production increased noticeably several days after the occurrence of an earthquake when the epicenter of the earthquake was located in the vicinity of the oil producing field. The increase in oil flow remained higher for a considerable period of time, and it led to a decade-long study both in the Russia and the US, which gradually focused on the use of acoustic/vibrational energy for enhanced oil recovery after reservoirs waterflooded. In the 1980s, they noticed in soil remediation studies that sonic energy applied to soil increases the rate of hydrocarbon removal and decreases the percentage of residual hydrocarbons. In the past several decades, the use of various seismic vibration techniques have been used in various countries and have resulted in incremental oil production. This outstanding new volume validates results of vibro-stimulation tests for enhanced oil recovery, using powerful surface-based vibro-seismic sources. It proves that the rate of displacement of oil by water increases and the percentage of nonrecoverable residual oil decreases if vibro-energy is applied to the porous medium containing oil. Audience: Petroleum Engineers, Chemical Engineers, Earthquake and Energy engineers, Environmental Engineers, Geotechnical Engineers, Mining and Geological Engineers, Sustainability Engineers, Physicists, Chemists, Geologists, and other professionals working in this field

The government documents included in this book are comprised of reports and testimonies from June 2018 to September 2018 on research and development in the United States. The first report examines research and development projects started from 2010 through 2017 on advanced fossil energy. For over 100 years, three fossil fuel sources -- coal, oil and natural gas -- have made up at least 80% of total US energy consumption. While fossil fuels are associated with some negative environmental impacts a such as carbon dioxide emissions, the predominance of coal, oil and natural gas is likely to continue into the future. The second report focuses on considerations for maintaining US competitiveness in Quantum Computing, Synthetic Biology and other potentially transformational research advances. Federal support in such areas can accelerate innovation and drive technological advances and promote US competitiveness in the global economy. The third and final report focuses on additional actions needed to improve licensing of patented laboratory inventions. The GAO was asked to review agency practices for managing inventions developed at federal labs, with a particular focus on patent licensing. This report examines the challenges in licensing patents and steps take to address and report them.

Carbon dioxide has been implicated in the global climate change, and CO2 sequestration is a technology being explored to curb the anthropogenic emission of CO2 into the atmosphere. The injection of CO2 for enhanced oil recovery (EOR) has the duel benefit of sequestering the CO2 and extending the life of some older fields. This volume presents some of the latest information on these processes covering physical properties, operations, design, reservoir engineering, and geochemistry for AGI and the related technologies.

How does fracking affect our children, grandchildren and future generations?
In "Just the Fracks Ma'am" Greg Kozera takes the mystery out of the fracking process. He explains a very technical process and issues associated with it in a way that they are easily understood by non-technical people. Greg is a master story teller and uses stories to make fracking understandable and his book memorable.

As global consumption of fossil fuels such as oil increases, previously abundant sources have become depleted or plagued with obstructions. Asphaltene deposition is one of such obstructions which can significantly decrease the rate of oil production. This book offers concise yet thorough coverage of the complex problem of asphaltene precipitation and deposition in oil production. It covers fundamentals of chemistry, stabilization theories and mechanistic approaches of asphaltene behavior at high temperature and pressure. Asphaltene Deposition: Fundamentals, Prediction, Prevention, and Remediation explains techniques for experimental determination of asphaltene precipitation and deposition and different modeling tools available to forecast the occurrence and magnitude of asphaltene deposition in a given oil field. It discusses strategies for mitigation of asphaltene deposition using chemical inhibition and corresponding challenges, best practices for asphaltene remediation, current research, and case studies.

Natural Gas Hydrates, Fourth Edition, provides a critical reference for engineers who are new to the field. Covering the fundamental properties, thermodynamics and behavior of hydrates in multiphase systems, this reference explains the basics before advancing to more practical applications, the latest developments and models. Updated sections include a new hydrate toolbox, updated correlations and computer methods. Rounding out with new case study examples, this new edition gives engineers an important tool to continue to control and mitigate hydrates in a safe and effective manner.

In this book, the authors are interested in the design and the implementation of a generator test bench that works with a diesel-biodiesel mixture. The goal is to introduce and test the effect of biodiesel addition in carburant. To do this, the authors started their work through the development of an appropriate design. After completing the preparation of the test bench, the authors installed all the necessary instruments. With this equipment, the overall characteristics of the generator running for the first time with diesel and then with different proportions of biodiesel, capping at 50% were studied. This work is of great importance because it solves the ecological problems mainly related to the toxic rejection of conventional fuels.

The precipitation and deposition of solids are a major challenge in the production of oil and gas. Flow assurance solids are formed because of unavoidable changes in temperature, pressure and composition of the oil-gas-water flowstream, from reservoir conditions to processing conditions. The advent of subsea production and the increased exploitation of heavy crudes have made flow assurance issues dominant in ensuring efficient and safe exploitation of hydrocarbon assets. Five troublesome flow assurance solids are described in the book: asphaltene, paraffin wax, natural gas hydrate, naphthenate and inorganic scale. These big-five solids are presented in stand-alone chapters. Each chapter is designed to be readable without clutter. Derivations of equations and descriptions of supporting details are given in several appendices. The book is intended for professional engineers and natural scientist working in E&P companies, engineering companies, service companies and specialized companies. An understanding of the big-five solids is required throughout the lifetime of oil and gas assets, from early development to abandonment. The technical, safety and environmental risks associated with deposition problems in near-wellbore formations, production tubing, wellhead equipment, flowlines and processing facilities, are relevant for decisions in the oil and gas industry and in outside regulatory and financial entities.

This comprehensive new dictionary comprises over 1300 definitions and brief articles to provide an extremely useful ready-reference work on solid, liquid and gaseous fuels, including information on the scenes of production of many fuels, such as major coal reserves and large oil and gas fields. Economics are addressed with entries included for all the major indices for oil, coal and natural gas pricing. The political perspective is also dealt with, covering the oil-producing countries and OPEC; environmental issues also feature, as do entries on chemical compounds, trade names, industrial processes and much more. The book carefully traces fuel usage since industrialisation with information provided on some 19th century events such as the Drake well. However, there is a correct balance of entries in terms of the periods to which they relate and thoroughly modern topics such as enhanced oil recovery are featured. Users of the Dictionary will gain an appreciation of the development of fuel and energy technology and sense the continuity or, in some cases, revival of ideas. As an example, what is now known as 'BTU conversion' and often treated as if it were novel is, in fact, a return to gasification technologies that were used a century or more ago! "The Dictionary of Energy and Fuels" is a reliable reference work on fuel and energy which will remain of great usefulness despite any future changes and trends in related technologies. This easy-to-use dictionary will be of great value to undergraduates, postgraduates and professionals in fuel technology, industrial chemistry, chemical and mechanical engineering and whenever a ready-reference on energy and fuels is required.

Lignocellulosic biomass conversion to fuel is the only sustainable way to meet the current and future energy demands, at least in displacing a substantial amount of liquid transportation fuel, and curb detrimental effects of greenhouse gas emissions. Various routes and processes to convert lignocellulosic biomass to fuels, chemicals, and bio-based materials have been developed in the last couple of decades. This book contains eleven chapters that intend to provide readers with updates on these various processes and routes to produce fuels and chemicals using lignocellulosic biomass. In addition, it covers the past and current developments on biomass logistics, analytical tools applied to characterise lignocellulosic biomass, environmental aspects and engine performance of various fuels, as well as techno-economical aspects of lignocellulosic biomass refinery. The following list summarises the topics covered in this book: The past and current developments on biomass valorisation in biochemical platforms; Developments in thermochemical conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals including gasification, pyrolysis, and hydrothermal treatment; Heterogeneous catalysts application in low to high temperature conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals; Pathways of lignin valorisation to fuels and chemicals; Production methods and the physicochemical properties of nanocelluloses; The environmental impacts and engine performances of various bio-fuels; Biomass logistics and their impact on bioenergy applications; Anaerobic conversion of biomass to biogas and impacts of co-digestion on biogas yields and quality.