This book provides a powerful source to develop new, rapid and highly efficient materials for the application in various fields of oil and gas. It focuses on the synthesis, characterization and applications of various Nanomaterials, presenting the state-of-the-art in developments and innovations in nanocomposites. This book provides the complete practical and theoretical information about the synthesis of nanoparticles with potential use in the field of oil and gas.

This book examines the role of Soviet energy during the Cold War. Based on hitherto little known documents from Western and Eastern European archives, it combines the story of Soviet oil and gas with general Cold War history. This volume breaks new ground by framing Soviet energy in a multi-national context, taking into account not only the view from Moscow, but also the perspectives of communist Eastern Europe, the US, NATO, as well as several Western European countries - namely Italy, France, and West Germany. This book challenges some of the long-standing assumptions of East-West bloc relations, as well as shedding new light on relations within the blocs regarding the issue of energy. By bringing together a range of junior and senior historians and specialists from Europe, Russia and the US, this book represents a pioneering endeavour to approach the role of Soviet energy during the Cold War in transnational perspective.

Vacuum technology finds itself in many areas of industry and research. These include materials handling, packaging, gas sampling, filtration, degassing of oils and metals, thin-film coating, electron microscopy, particle acceleration, and impregnation of electrical components. It is vital to design systems that are appropriate to the application, and with so many potential solutions this can become overwhelming. Vacuum Technique provides an overview of vacuum technology, its different design methodologies, and the underlying theory. The author begins with a summary of the properties of low-pressure gases, then moves on to describe mathematical modeling of gas transfer in the vacuum system, the operation of pumps and gauges, computer-aided synthesis and analysis of systems, and the design of different vacuum systems. In particular, the author discusses the structure and characteristics of low, middle, high, and superhigh vacuum systems, as well as the characteristics of joints, materials, movement inputs, and all aspects of production technology and construction standards. Using specific examples rather than describing the various elements, Vacuum Technique supplies engineers, technicians, researchers, and students with needed expertise and a comprehensive guide to designing, selecting, and using an appropriate vacuum system for a specific purpose.

This book covers the fundamentals of drilling and reservoir appraisal for petroleum. Split into three sections, the first looks at the basic principles of well engineering in terms of planning, design and construction. It then goes on to describe well safety, costs and operations management. The second section is focussed on drilling and core analysis, and the laboratory measurement of the physico-chemical properties of samples. It is clear that efficient development of hydrocarbon reservoirs is highly dependent on understanding these key properties, and the data can only be gathered through a carefully conducted core-analysis program, as described. Finally, in the third section we look at production logging, an essential part of reservoir appraisal, which describes the nature and the behaviour of fluids in or around the borehole. It describes how to know, at a given time, phase by phase, and zone by zone, how much fluid is coming out of or going into the formation.As part of the Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering, and based on a lecture series on the same topic, Drilling and Reservoir Appraisal provides the introductory information needed for students of the earth sciences, petroleum engineering, engineering and geoscience.

The book presents a comprehensive and systematic account of the concept, the current status and the costs of the German energy transition: the Energiewende. Written by an insider who has been working in the German energy industry for over 20 years, it follows a strictly non-political, neutral approach and clearly outlines the most relevant facts and figures. In particular, it describes the main impacts of the Energiewende on the German power system and Germany's national economy. Furthermore, it addresses questions that are of global interest with respect to energy transitions, such as the cost to the national economy, the financial burden on private households and companies and the actual effects on CO2 emissions. The book also discusses what could have been done better in terms of planning and implementing the Energiewende, and identifies important lessons for other countries that are considering a similar energy transition.

Abrasive Water Jet Perforation and Multi-Stage Fracturing gives petroleum engineers, well completion managers and fracturing specialists a critical guide to understanding all the details of the technology including materials, tools, design methods and field applications. The exploitation and development of unconventional oil and gas resources has continued to gain importance, and multi-stage fracturing with abrasive water jets has emerged as one of the top three principal methods to recover unconventional oil and gas, yet there is no one collective reference to explain the fundamentals, operations and influence this method can deliver. The book introduces current challenges and gives solutions for the problems encountered. Packed with references and real-world examples, the book equips engineers and specialists with a necessary reservoir stimulation tool to better understand today's fracturing technology.

This book presents, in a self-contained form, the equations of fluid flow in porous media, with a focus on topics and issues that are relevant to petroleum reservoir engineering. No prior knowledge of the field is assumed on the part of the reader, and particular care is given to careful mathematical and conceptual development of the governing equations, and solutions for important reservoir flow problems. Fluid Flow in Porous Media starts with a discussion of permeability and Darcy's law, then moves on to a careful derivation of the pressure diffusion equation. Solutions are developed and discussed for flow to a vertical well in an infinite reservoir, in reservoirs containing faults, in bounded reservoirs, and to hydraulically fractured wells. Special topics such as the dual-porosity model for fractured reservoirs, and fluid flow in gas reservoirs, are also covered. The book includes twenty problems, along with detailed solutions.As part of the Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering, and based on a lecture series on the same topic, this book provides the introductory information needed for students of the petroleum engineering and hydrology.

Hydraulic Fracture Modeling delivers all the pertinent technology and solutions in one product to become the go-to source for petroleum and reservoir engineers. Providing tools and approaches, this multi-contributed reference presents current and upcoming developments for modeling rock fracturing including their limitations and problem-solving applications. Fractures are common in oil and gas reservoir formations, and with the ongoing increase in development of unconventional reservoirs, more petroleum engineers today need to know the latest technology surrounding hydraulic fracturing technology such as fracture rock modeling. There is tremendous research in the area but not all located in one place. Covering two types of modeling technologies, various effective fracturing approaches and model applications for fracturing, the book equips today's petroleum engineer with an all-inclusive product to characterize and optimize today's more complex reservoirs.

Introduction to Petroleum Biotechnology introduces the petroleum engineer to biotechnology, bringing together the various biotechnology methods that are applied to recovery, refining and remediation in the uses of petroleum and petroleum products. A significant amount of petroleum is undiscoverable in reservoirs today using conventional and secondary methods. This reference explains how microbial enhanced oil recovery is aiding to produce more economical and environmentally-friendly metabolic events that lead to improved oil recovery. Meanwhile, in the downstream side of the industry, petroleum refining operators are facing the highest levels of environmental regulations while struggling to process more of the heavier crude oils since conventional physical and chemical refining techniques may not be applicable to heavier crudes. This reference proposes to the engineer and refining manager the concepts of bio-refining applications to not only render heavier crudes as lighter crudes through microbial degradation, but also through biodenitrogenation, biodemetallization and biodesulfurization, making more petroleum derivatives purified and upgraded without the release of more pollutants. Equipped for both upstream and downstream to learn the basics, this book is a necessary primer for today's petroleum engineer.

This book introduces in detail the physical and chemical phenomena and processes during petroleum production. It covers the properties of reservoir rocks and fluids, the related methods of determining these properties, the phase behavior of hydrocarbon mixtures, the microscopic mechanism of fluids flowing through reservoir rocks, and the primary theories and methods of enhancing oil recovery. It also involves the up-to-date progress in these areas. It can be used as a reference by researchers and engineers in petroleum engineering and a textbook for students majoring in the area related with petroleum exploitation.

This book chiefly describes the theories and technologies for natural gas hydrate management in deepwater gas wells. It systematically explores the mechanisms of hydrate formation, migration, deposition and blockage in multiphase flow in gas-dominated systems; constructs a multiphase flow model of multi-component systems for wells that takes into account hydrate phase transition; reveals the influence of hydrate phase transition on multiphase flows, and puts forward a creative hydrate blockage management method based on hydrate blockage free window (HBFW), which enormously improves the hydrate prevention effect in deepwater wells. The book combines essential theories and industrial technology practice to facilitate a deeper understanding of approaches to and technologies for hydrate management in deepwater wells, and provides guidance on operation design. Accordingly, it represents a valuable reference guide for both researchers and graduate students working in oil and gas engineering, offshore oil and gas engineering, oil and gas storage and transportation engineering, as well as technical staff in the fields of deepwater oil and gas drilling, development, and flow assurance.

Low Salinity and Engineered Water Injection for Sandstone and Carbonate Reservoirs provides a first of its kind review of the low salinity and engineered water injection (LSWI/EWI) techniques for today's more complex enhanced oil recovery methods. Reservoir engineers today are challenged in the design and physical mechanisms behind low salinity injection projects, and to date, the research is currently only located in numerous journal locations. This reference helps readers overcome these challenging issues with explanations on models, experiments, mechanism analysis, and field applications involved in low salinity and engineered water. Covering significant laboratory, numerical, and field studies, lessons learned are also highlighted along with key areas for future research in this fast-growing area of the oil and gas industry. After an introduction to its techniques, the initial chapters review the main experimental findings and explore the mechanisms behind the impact of LSWI/EWI on oil recovery. The book then moves on to the critical area of modeling and simulation, discusses the geochemistry of LSWI/EWI processes, and applications of LSWI/EWI techniques in the field, including the authors' own recommendations based on their extensive experience. It is an essential reference for professional reservoir and field engineers, researchers and students working on LSWI/EWI and seeking to apply these methods for increased oil recovery.

Compositional Grading in Oil and Gas Reservoirs offers instruction, examples, and case studies on how to answer the challenges of modeling a compositional gradient subject. Starting with the basics on PVT analysis, applied thermodynamics, and full derivations of irreversible thermodynamic-based equations, this critical reference explains gravity-modified equations to be applied to reservoirs, enabling engineers to obtain fluid composition at any point of the reservoir from measured data to create a stronger model calibration. Once model-parameters are re-estimated, new sensibility can be acquired for more accurate modeling of composition, aiding engineers with stronger production curves, reserve estimations, and design of future development strategies. Multiple examples and case studies are included to show the application of the theory from very simple to more complex systems, such as actual reservoirs influenced by thermal diffusion and gravity simultaneously. Other example include a layer for which asphaltene precipitation takes place in the reservoir and three -phase flash algorithms for liquid-liquid-vapor equilibrium calculations, detailing the techniques necessary to ensure convergence. The book combines practical studies with the importance in modeling more complex phenomena, filling a gap for current and upcoming reservoir engineers to expand on solutions and make sense of their reservoir's output results.

This book covers several aspects of reservoir management, from initial analysis to enhanced recovery methods, simulation, and history matching. Split into four parts, part one provides readers with an introduction to the physical properties of reservoir rocks. Part two provides an introduction to enhanced recovery methods used for conventional oil production. Part three shows how numerical methods can be used to simulate the behaviour of oil and gas reservoirs. Finally, part four looks at history matching of reservoirs through the building of numerical models using past data, in order to provide best practice for future reservoir development and management.Written as the third volume in the Imperial College Lectures in Petroleum Engineering, and based on lectures that have been given in the world-renowned Imperial College Masters Course in Petroleum Engineering, Topics in Reservoir Management provides the basic information needed for students and practitioners of petroleum engineering and petroleum geoscience.

This book, The Science and Technology of Unconventional Oils: Finding Refining Opportunities, intends to report the collective physical and chemical knowledge of unconventional oils (heavy, extra-heavy, sour/acid, and shale oil) and the issues associated with their refining for the production of transportation fuels. It will focus on the discussion of the scientific results and technology activities of the refining of unconventional oils. The presence of reactive and refractory compounds and components that negatively impact refining processing (the "bad actors") are discussed and analyzed. The commercially available technologies, with their reported improvements and emerging ideas, concepts, and technologies, are described. This comprehensive overview constitutes the basis for establishing technology gaps, and in return sets the science and technology needs to be addressed in the future. In summary, this book incorporates the relevant knowledge of processing unconventional crude oils and of the "Bottom-of-the-Barrel" fraction, describing the related commercially available and emerging technologies to contribute to the identification of existing gaps.

Applied Statistical Modeling and Data Analytics: A Practical Guide for the Petroleum Geosciences provides a practical guide to many of the classical and modern statistical techniques that have become established for oil and gas professionals in recent years. It serves as a "how to" reference volume for the practicing petroleum engineer or geoscientist interested in applying statistical methods in formation evaluation, reservoir characterization, reservoir modeling and management, and uncertainty quantification. Beginning with a foundational discussion of exploratory data analysis, probability distributions and linear regression modeling, the book focuses on fundamentals and practical examples of such key topics as multivariate analysis, uncertainty quantification, data-driven modeling, and experimental design and response surface analysis. Data sets from the petroleum geosciences are extensively used to demonstrate the applicability of these techniques. The book will also be useful for professionals dealing with subsurface flow problems in hydrogeology, geologic carbon sequestration, and nuclear waste disposal.

This book aims at illustrating several examples of different membrane compositions ranging from inorganic, polymeric, metallic, metal organic framework, and composite which have been successfully deployed to separate industrially relevant gas mixtures including hydrogen, nitrogen, methane, carbon dioxide, olefins/parafins among others. Each book chapter highlights some of the current and key fundamental and technological challenges for these membranes that must be overcome in order to envision its application at industrial level.

The long-term future for coal looks bleak. The recent UN climate change conference in Paris called for an end to the use of fossil fuels. However, coal remains one of the world’s most important sources of energy, fuelling more than 40% of electricity generation worldwide, with many developing nations relying almost wholly on coal-fuelled electricity. Coal has been the fastest growing energy source in recent years and is essential for many industrial activities, but the coal industry is hugely damaging for the environment. A major driver in climate change and causing around 40% of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions, coal fuel comes at a high environmental price. Furthermore, mining and air pollution kill thousands each year. A timely addition to the series, this book critically reviews the role of coal in the 21st century, examining energy needs, usage and health implications. With case studies and an examination of future developments and economics, this text provides an essential update on an environmental topic the world cannot ignore.

Existing views on geodynamics (recharge, migration, discharge) of uids at deep layers of petroliferous basins are summarized. The in ltration and elision th- ries explaining development of uid pressures in deep formations are called into question based on quantitative estimates available for some artesian (petroliferous) basins. Using the West Siberian, Pechora, Terek-Kuma, Bukhara-Karshi, and other petroliferous basins as examples, the stratum-block structure of deep formations is substantiated for strati ed systems of platform in inter- and intramontane depr- sions. It is shown that petroliferous reservoirs at great depths are characterized, regardless of lithology, by largely ssure-related capacity and permeability (clayey rocks included) changeable in space and through geological time. Much attention is paid to development of abnormally high formation pressures. Peculiarities in heat and mass transfer at deep levels are considered for different regions. The energetic formation model substantiated for deep uids explains different anomalies (baric, thermal, hydrogeochemical, mineralogical, and others) at deep levels of platforms. Based on hydrogeodynamic considerations, the theory of oil origin and formation of hydrocarbon elds is proposed. The book is of interest for oilmen, hydrogeo- gists, geologists, and specialists dealing with prospecting of petroliferous deposits as well as industrial, mineral, and thermal waters in deep formations of strati ed sedimentary basins. vii Contents 1 Existing Views on Fluidodynamics in Petroliferous Formations . . 1 References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 2 Investigation Methods of Deep Fluidodynamics . . . . . . . . . . . 15 2. 1 Methods of Formation Pressure Reducing . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 2. 2 Assessment of Directions of Density-Variable Fluid Flows by the "Filtration Force" Method . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Presents key concepts and terminology for a multidisciplinary range of topics in petroleum engineering * Places oil and gas production in the global energy context * Introduces all of the key concepts that are needed to understand oil and gas production from exploration through abandonment * Reviews fundamental terminology and concepts from geology, geophysics, petrophysics, drilling, production and reservoir engineering * Includes many worked practical examples within each chapter and exercises at the end of each chapter highlight and reinforce material in the chapter * Includes a solutions manual for academic adopters

During the upgrading of heavy petroleum, asphaltene is the most problematic impurity since it is the main cause of catalyst deactivation and sediments formation. Exploring many aspects related to asphaltenes composition and conversion, Asphaltenes: Chemical Transformation during Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils highlights the various changes that these heavy and complex molecules undergo during catalytic hydroprocessing. After defining and characterizing asphaltene structure, the book examines the composition of petroleum and the processes and catalysts for upgrading heavy oils. It then details the characterization of asphaltenes after hydroprocessing and the effect of reaction conditions on their structures. The authors also analyze the deactivation and characterization of spent hydroprocessing catalysts as well as the role played by asphaltenes. They cover sediments formation during hydroprocessing and the role of asphaltenes on it. The final chapters describe the hydrocracking and kinetics of asphaltenes and the fractionation of heavy crudes and asphaltenes. Due to the increasing production of heavy crude oils, asphaltene has become one of the most studied molecules. This book provides a deep understanding of how asphaltenes transform during hydroprocessing, offering insight on designing catalysts and processing for the upgrading of heavy oils.

Unconventional Petroleum Geology, Second Edition presents the latest research results of global conventional and unconventional petroleum exploration and production. The first part covers the basics of unconventional petroleum geology, its introduction, concept of unconventional petroleum geology, unconventional oil and gas reservoirs, and the origin and distribution of unconventional oil and gas. The second part is focused on unconventional petroleum development technologies, including a series of technologies on resource assessment, lab analysis, geophysical interpretation, and drilling and completion. The third and final section features case studies of unconventional hydrocarbon resources, including tight oil and gas, shale oil and gas, coal bed methane, heavy oil, gas hydrates, and oil and gas in volcanic and metamorphic rocks.

This book details the major artificial lift methods that can be applied to hydrocarbon reservoirs with declining pressure. These include: the sucker rod pump, gas lift, electrical submersible pump, progressive cavity pump, and plunger lift. The design and applications, as well as troubleshooting, are discussed for each method, and examples, exercises and design projects are provided in order to support the concepts discussed in each chapter. The problems associated with oil recovery in horizontal wells are also explored, and the author proposes solutions to address the various extraction challenges that these wells present. The book represents a timely response to the difficulties associated with unconventional oil sources and declining wells, offering a valuable resource for students of petroleum engineering, as well as hydrocarbon recovery researchers and practicing engineers in the petroleum industry.

Lacustrine Shale Gas: Case Study from the Ordos Basin examines the special sedimentation and formation environment based on the actual exploration of lacustrine shale gas. Using the Chang7 black shale of Yanchang formation in Ordos basin as an example, this book deeply dissects the Lacustrine shale geological characteristics and offers fresh insights into Lacustrine shale geochemistry, shale reservoir, hydrocarbon accumulation and resource evaluation. The book not only enriches, develops and contributes to new theories of shale gas exploration, but also contributes to a new research field, lacustrine shale gas exploration. Shale gas is the mixed phase natural gas that includes adsorbed phase and free phase gas. It is accumulated in the rich organic matter in shale. In recent years, with great changes in global oil and gas exploration and energy supply situation, shale gas has attracted a lot of attention, becoming the focus of the energy industry.

Underground Coal Gasification (UCG) is carried out in unmined coal seams, using wells drilled from the surface and converting coal into synthesis gas. The gas can be used for power generation and synthesis of automotive fuels, fertilizers and other products. UCG offers financial, social, and environmental benefits over conventional coal extraction and utilization methods and may play a critical role in ensuring energy security in the future. Underground Coal Gasification and Combustion provides an overview of underground coal gasification technology, its current status and future directions. Comprehensive in approach, the book covers history, science, technology, hydrogeology, rock mechanics, environmental performance, economics, regulatory and commercial aspects of UCG projects. The first book on the subject in forty years, it is unique in analysing more than a century of global UCG developments by experts from Australia, Canada, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, United Kingdom, the USA and Uzbekistan.