This new and improved edition focuses on providing practical information and tools that engineers can use to maximize the profitability and reliability of their fluid catalytic cracking operations. The updated chapters and new content deliver expertise and know-how to an industry that faces significant cost cutting in capital expenditure and R&D, along with the retirement of technical specialists who are taking existing knowledge out of the industry with them. This FCC Handbook provides a valuable easy-to-understand resource for both experienced and inexperienced engineers and anyone else associated with the FCC process. This book gives those who need a quick reference, and gives those who are developing their skills and knowledge trusted information that will help them succeed with their projects.

Key features include;

Common examples that will enable engineers to achieve increased unit savings

Updated with the latest process technologies for handling residue and "deep" hydrotreated feedstock

New chapter discussing refractory lining, providing an introduction to the different refractories employed in FCC units, examples of various refractory linings and associated anchors, installation techniques as well as some guidelines for proper drying and curing refractory lining.

New troubleshooting chapter, increasing the practical application of the book, along with new visual references to operation optimization

About the author;

Reza Sadeghbeigi is President of RMS Engineering, Inc. a Houston, Texas based engineering firm providing high-level technical expertise in the area of fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) and related processes.

Reza has 35 years of hands-on FCC experience in the refining industry, focusing on technical services, troubleshooting, process design, and project management, including major FCC revamps. A licensed Professional Engineer (P.E.) in Texas and Louisiana, Reza has published technical papers and produced industry seminars on refining and catalytic cracking operations and conducted numerous client customized FCC training courses and public seminars.

The only practical approach, with tools and techniques for those with FCC responsibilities to help maximize the profitability and reliability of fluid catalytic cracking operations.

Updated throughout, with new material focusing on latest developments, the shift to using FCC to process lower quality crudes, and new applied material on troubleshooting.

Provides a reference for both experienced engineers who need a quick reference, as well as providing those who are developing their skills and knowledge with access to trusted information that will help them succeed in their projects.

Although the processing of natural gas is in many respects less complicated than the processing and refining of crude oil, it is equally as necessary before its use by end users. The actual process used to separate oil from natural gas, as well as the equipment that is used, can vary widely. Gas Sweetening and Processing Field Manual provides engineers with the ability to understand and select the most efficient and cost effective method to fit their individual needs. Designed for engineers, technologists, and operations personnel involved in the design and operation of gas processing facilities, the book starts with an explanation of the terms and theories used throughout the industry. This is followed by clear and rigorous exposition of sweetness processes such as Solid Bed Adsorption, Chemical Solvents, Physical Solvents, Distillation, and Gas Permeation. Exercises appear at the conclusion of each chapter with hints in addition to full solutions.

Other topics include Design Procedure, Design Examples, Problems and Practical Solutions, Value of NGL Components, Liquid Recovery Process, Absorption/Lean Oil Process, Joule-Thomson, Refrigeration and Cryogenic (Expansion Turbine) Plants. Chapters involving applications cover Direct Conversion of H2S to Sulfur, Removal of H2S to Meet Pipeline Qualities, Removal of CO2 to Meet Pipeline Qualities and Selection Charts.

Engineers and process designers will find this text a valuable guide to gas sweetening process and equipment, both in terms of its application to efficient and cost effective operations. It will prove particularly useful to readers who want a "quick reference" guide to field operations and procedures as well as those readers who wish to increase their knowledge of best practices.

Rigorous exposition of all natural gas sweetness processes

Equipment and process trouble-shooting techniques

Tips for diagnosing and solving equipment and process problems

Exercises appear at the conclusion of each chapter

Raw natural gas typically contains a substantial amount of water, which can degrade heating value and contribute to the formation of corrosion in piping and other equipment. Under certain conditions, natural gas hydrates can form, which can cause pipe blockages. Although dehydration historically has been a fairly inexpensive step in the upgrading of natural gas to pipeline quality, costs are increasing. Gas Dehydration Field Manual defines the various methods of gas dehydration and discusses the differences between adsorption and absorption.

Designed for engineers, technologists, and operations personnel involved in the design and operation of gas processing facilities, the book starts with an explanation of the terms and theories used throughout the industry. This is followed by clear and rigorous exposition of dehydration processes such as Condensation process, Glycol Regeneration and Molecular Sieves.Exercises appear at the conclusion of each chapter with hints in addition to full solutions.

Other topics include hydrate prevention, chemical injection systems, hydrate inhibitor methods. Chapters involving applications cover dehydrate considerations, operation principles, hydrate production correlations and production of operating temperatures and Pressures and glycol maintenance, care and trouble-shooting. An appendix provides the reader with additional exercises and solutions.

Engineers and process designers will find this text a valuable guide to gas dehydration processes and equipment, both in terms of its application to efficient and cost effective operations. It will prove particularly useful to readers who want a "quick reference" guide to field operations and procedures as well as those readers who wish to increase their knowledge of best practices.
Include hydrate prevention, chemical injection systems, hydrate inhibitor methods

Condensation process, Glycol Regeneration and Molecular Sieves

An appendix provides the reader with additional exercises and solutions

With millions of kilometres of onshore and offshore oil and gas pipelines in service around the world, pipelines are the life s blood of the world. Notorious for disrupting natural gas production or transmission, the formation of natural gas hydrates can cost a company hundreds of millions and lead to catastrophic equipment breakdowns and safety and health hazards. Written by an international group of experts, Natural gas Hydrates in Flow Assurance provide an expert overview of the practice and theory in natural gas hydrates, with applications primarily in flow assurance. Compact and easy to use, the book provides readers with a wealth of materials which include the key lessons learned in the industry over the last 20 years. Packed with field case studies, the book is designed to provide hands-on training and practice in calculating hydrate phase equilibria and plug dissociation. In addition readers receive executable programs to calculate hydrate thermodynamics.

Case studies of hydrates in flow assurance

The key concepts underlying the practical applications

An overview of the state of the art flow assurance industrial developments "

Most of the world's energy still comes from fossil fuels, and there are still many strides being made in the efficiency and cost effectiveness of extracting these important and increasingly more elusive natural resources. This is only possible if the nature of the emergence, evolution, and parameter estimation of high grade reservoir rocks at great depths is known and a theory of their forecast is developed. Over 60 percent of world oil production is currently associated with carbonate reservoir rocks. The exploration, appraisal and development of these fields are significantly complicated by a number of factors. These factors include the structural complexity of the carbonate complexes, variability of the reservoir rock types and properties within a particular deposit, many unknowns in the evaluation of fracturing and its spatial variability, and the preservation of the reservoir rock qualities with depth. The main objective of most studies is discovering patterns in the reservoir rock property changes of carbonate deposits of different genesis, composition and age. A short list of the unsolved issues includes: the role of facies environment in the carbonate formation; the major geologic factors affecting the formation of high-capacity reservoir rocks and preservation of their properties; recommendations as to the use of the new techniques in studies of the structural parameters; and establishing a correlation between the major evaluation parameters. The focus of this volume is to show the scientific and engineering community a revolutionary process. The author perfected an earlier developed methodology in studies of the void space structure (Bagrintseva's method, 1982). This methodology is based on carbonate rock saturation with luminophore and on special techniques in processing of photographs made under UV light. The luminophore technique was combined with the raster electron microscopy and its variation, the studies under the cathode luminescence regime. This combination enabled a more detailed study of the reservoir void space, the nonuniformity in the open fracture evolution, their morphology, length and variability of openness. Over recent years these techniques have found wide application. Useful for the veteran engineer or scientist and the student alike, this book is a must-have for any geologist, engineer, or student working in the field of upstream petroleum engineering.

A sound knowledge of different facets of petro-Economics is a economics is a sine quo non particularly for the petro-chemical sectors dealing with exploration, development, production, refining, transportation. Storage and marketing of oil, natural gas and a wide range of petro- products. Evolution and application of the concept of petro-economics, following the first-ever major ' oil shock' in the early 1970s has gained strategic significance and tremendous momentum from the first decade of the 21st century on the following ground: (i) Emerging need for integration of national energy security with global energy security environment; (ii) Growing concern for safeguarding dwindling strategic oil and natural gas reserves to cater to the growing economy in the developing world (particularly the BRIC nations) with much greater projected future demand for oil and natural gas; (iii) segmentation of the global oil and natural gas market on a geo-political basis, compounded by the overwhelming ramifications of regional economic unions; (iv) price structuring, rationalization/ parity, and attendant accounting problems of oil and natural gas in terms of upstream, midstream, downstream, marketing/ retailing activities associated with crudes, refined oil and natural gas (including LNG, CNG) products.

The third edition of Air and Gas Drilling Manual describes the basic simulation models for drilling deep wells with air or gas drilling fluids, gasified two-phase drilling fluids, and stable foam drilling fluids. The models are the basis for the development of a systematic method for planning under balanced deep well drilling operations and for monitoring the a drilling operation as well construction project advances.
Air and Gas Drilling Manual discusses both the oil and natural gas industry applications, and geotechnical (water well, environmental, mining) industry applications. Important well construction and completions issues are discussed for all applications.
The engineering analyses techniques are used to develop pre-operations planning methods, trouble-shooting operations monitoring techniques and overall operations risk analysis. The essential objective of the book is drilling and well construction cost management control. The book is in both SI and British Imperial units.
*Master the air and gas drilling techniques in construction and development of water wells, monitoring wells, geotechnical boreholes, mining operations boreholes and more
*30% of all wells drilled use gas and air, according to the U.S. Department of Energy estimates
*Contains basic simulation equations with examples for direct and reverse circulation drilling models and examples for air and gas, gasified fluids, and stable foam drilling models

The problem of removing water which is emulsified with produced oil has grown more widespread and often times more difficult as producers attempt to access more difficult reserves. This practical guide is designed to help engineers and operators develop a "feel" for selection, sizing, and troubleshooting emulsion equipment. These skills are of vital importance to ensure low operating costs and to meet crude export quality specifications. The book is written for engineers and operators, who need advanced knowledge of the numerous techniques and the equipment used to destabilize and resolve petroleum emulsions problems. In Emulsions and Oil Treating Equipment: Selection, Sizing and Troubleshooting the author provides engineers and operators with a guide to understanding emulsion theory, methods and equipment, and practical design of a treating system. Comprehensive in its scope, the author explains methods such as: demulsifiers, temperature, electrostatics and non-traditional methods of modulated or pulsed voltage control, as well as equipment such as: electrostatic treater (dehydrator), separator, gunbarr heater-treater and free water knockout. Written in a "how to" format, it brings together hundreds of methods, handy formulas, diagrams and tables in one convenient book.
Detailed coverage emulsion equipment and removal methods
Tips for selecting, sizing, and operating emulsion equipment
Overview of emulsion theory and factors affecting treatment methods
Packed with equipment diagrams, worked out calculations covers equipment and removal methods

This practical guide is designed to help engineers and operators develop a ?feel? for selection, specification, operating parameters, and trouble-shooting separators; form an understanding of the uncertainties and assumptions inherent in operating the equipment. The goal is to help familiarize operators with the knowledge and tools required to understand design flaws and solve everyday operational problems for types of separators.
The book is divided into six parts: Part one and two covers fundamentals such as: physical properties, phase behaviour and calculations. Part three through five is dedicated to topics such as: separator construction, factors affecting separation, vessel operation, and separator operation considerations. Part six is devoted to the ASME codes governing wall thickness determination of vessel weight fabrication, inspection, alteration and repair of separators

500 illustrations
Easy to understand calculations methods
Guide for protecting downstream equipment
Helps reduce the loss of expensive intermediate ends
Helps increase product purity

This collection addresses the pressing needs for sustainable technologies with reduced energy consumption and environmental pollutions and the development and application of alternative sustainable energy to maintain a green environment and efficient and long-lasting energy supply. Contributors represent both industry and academia and focus on new and efficient energy technologies including innovative ore beneficiation, smelting technologies, and recycling and waste heat recovery, as well as emerging novel energy solutions. The volume also covers a broad range of mature and new technological aspects of sustainable energy ecosystems, processes that improve energy efficiency, reduce thermal emissions, and reduce carbon dioxide and other greenhouse emissions. Authors also explore the valorization of materials and their embodied energy including byproducts or coproducts from ferrous and nonferrous industries, batteries, electronics, and other complex secondary materials.

Theories and Technologies of Bionic Drilling Fluids covers the development and use of bionics in drilling fluids. The book considers technical challenges and upgrades to existing drilling fluid technology, presenting a case for the use of bionics in the petroleum industry alongside environmental protection. In response to the increasing need for novel technologies, the title includes insights on how nature-inspired technologies can be successfully developed to help researchers and technicians harness the power of bionics to solve practical challenges. This volume presents over a decade's worth of original research on bionic drilling fluids, offering scientists and engineers a comprehensive handbook. Drilling fluid has contributed to the safe, efficient and smooth implementation of drilling engineering for over a century. However, in recent years, oil and gas reserves have been discovered in difficult-to-access, extreme environments such as the deep ocean. Consequently, geological and ground conditions have become increasingly complex, posing a challenge to resource exploration and development. Bionics, the imitation of characteristics, structures, functions and principles from nature, offers a new approach to drilling fluid technology.

Finite Element Programming in Non-linear Geomechanics and Transient Flow delivers a textbook reference for both students and practitioners alike, with provided codes to understand and modify. Starting with the fundamentals, the reference covers the basics of finite element methods, including coupling geomechanics and transient fluid flow. The next phase moves from theory into practical application from programs Flow3D and Geo3D, utilizing source codes to solve real field challenges. Stability of perforations during oil and gas production, sand production problems, rock failure, casing collapse, and reservoir compaction problems are just some examples. Next, the reference elevates to hands-on experience, sharing source codes with additional problems engineers can work on independently. This gives students and engineers a starting point to modify their own code in a fraction of the time.

This carefully targeted and rigorous new textbook introduces engineering students to the fundamental principles of applied Earth science, highlighting how modern soil and rock mechanics, geomorphology, hydrogeology, seismology and environmental geochemistry affect geotechnical and environmental practice. Key geological topics of engineering relevance including soils and sediments, rocks, groundwater, and geologic hazards are presented in an accessible and engaging way. A broad range of international case studies add real-world context, and demonstrate practical applications in field and laboratory settings to guide site characterization. End-of-chapter problems are included for self-study and evaluation, and supplementary online materials include electronic figures, additional examples, solutions, and guidance on useful software. Featuring a detailed glossary introducing key terminology, this text requires no prior geological training and is essential reading for senior undergraduate or graduate students in civil, geological, geotechnical and geoenvironmental engineering. It is also a useful reference and bridge for Earth science graduates embarking on engineering geology courses.

The Aboveground Steel Storage Tank Handbook I like the summary of regulations in conjunction with industry standards and products. Usually a book covers one or the other. —Wayne Geyer, Executive Vice-President, Steel Tank Institute I think this is a valuable text in that it does a very good job presenting the two types of ASTs. —Darryl J. Butkos, Hydrogeologist and Environmental Engineer The U.S. aboveground storage tank (AST) market will approach $2.0 billion in 1995 and has an annual growth rate of approximately 5 percent. Shop-built ASTs have proliferated over the last 10 years and are replacing the underground tanks that have caused a large percentage of groundwater contamination. Larger field-erected tanks are now found at almost every industrial facility because of their greater reliability and the lessened risk of environmental spills. The Aboveground Steel Storage Tank Handbook discusses the myriad of regulations, codes, and manufacturing standards and shows how they are intertwined. It is the first handbook on aboveground storage tanks that explains the unique differences between field-erected ASTs and shop-built ASTs. The authors have divided the Handbook into four easy-to-understand sections: Markets, Regulations, Standards, and Products. Anyone who finds himself or herself working through the maze of the AST compliance paperwork will find this book to be a great benefit as a single-source reference guide.

Covering both upstream and downstream oil and gas facilities, Surface Production Operations: Volume 5: Pressure Vessels, Heat Exchangers, and Aboveground Storage Tanks delivers a must-have reference guide to maximize efficiency, increase performance, prevent failures, and reduce costs. Every engineer and equipment manager in oil and gas must have complete knowledge of the systems and equipment involved for each project and facility, especially the checklist to keep up with maintenance and inspection--a topic just as critical as design and performance. Taking the guesswork out of searching through a variety of generalized standards and codes, Surface Production Operations: Volume 5: Pressure Vessels, Heat Exchangers, and Aboveground Storage Tanks furnishes all the critical regulatory information needed for oil and gas specific projects, saving time and money on maintaining the lifecycle of mechanical integrity of the oil and gas facility. Including troubleshooting techniques, calculations with examples, and several significant illustrations, this critical volume within the Surface Production Operations series is crucial on every oil and gas engineer's bookshelf to solve day-to-day problems with common sense solutions.

This book discusses the progress that is being made through innovations in instrumental measurements of geologic and geochemical systems and their study using modern mathematical modeling. It covers the systems approach to understanding sedimentary rocks and their role in evolution and containment of subsurface fluids.

Fundamental aspects of petroleum geology and geochemistry, generation, migration, accumulation, evaluation and production of hydrocarbons are discussed with worldwide examples. Various physical and chemical properties of subsurface waters, crude oils and natural gases are described which is especially important to production engineering. Among various properties of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons the most important are wettability affecting production characteristics and ultimate recovery: relative permeability affecting reservoir fluid flow to the production wells; density differences between immiscible fluids which affects gravity drainage; viscosity of subsurface fluids affecting the relative mobility of each fluid; and fluid chemistry, which affects the absorption, ultimate recovery and monetary value of produced hydrocarbons.

Discussion of the formation and accumulation of hydrocarbons includes (1) the changes in the chemical composition of hydrocarbons that originate from the debris of living plants and organisms to form crude oil and natural gas; (2) the origin of hydrocarbons in different areas of a single reservoir; (3) the conditions, which determine the distribution of water, oil and gas in the reservoir; (4) the migration of subsurface fluids until they eventually accumulate in isolated traps; (5) discussion of the traps as a function of sedimentary geology and tectonics. This is based on the systems approach to the specific geologic and geochemical systems using analytical and statistical principles and examples of modern mathematical modeling of static and dynamic systems.
* Discusses fundamental aspects of petroleum geology and geochemistry, and generation, migration, accumulation, evaluation and production of hydrocarbons
* Presents a systems approach to the specific geologic and geochemical systems

Prevention of Actuator Emissions in the Oil and Gas Industry delivers a critical reference for oil and gas engineers and managers to get up-to-speed on all the factors in actuator fugitive emissions. Packed with a selection process, the benefits of switching to an electric system, and the technology around open and closed loop hydraulic systems helps today's engineer understand all their options. Rounding with a detailed explanation around High Integrity Pressure Protection Systems (HIPPS), this book gives provides the knowledge necessary to lower emissions on today's equipment.

Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions in Petroliferous Basins trains readers to detect Hydrocarbon Fluid Inclusions (HCFIs) in sedimentary rocks, particularly the wafer preparation techniques to visualize HCFIs, its distinction from aqueous inclusions, petrographic approaches to HCFIs, microthermometric observations on HCFIs, fluorescence emission spectra and Raman spectra of HCFIs, and their interpretations for the petroleum industry. The book features case studies from the Mumbai and Kerala Konkan Basins of the Western Offshore of India - two representative basins where new, non-destructive, fluid inclusion techniques were tested. This book is essential reading for students of petroleum geology and those working in exploration in the oil and gas industry.

Prevention of Valve Fugitive Emissions in the Oil and Gas Industry delivers a critical reference for oil and gas engineers and managers to get up-to-speed on all factors surrounding valve fugitive emissions. New technology is included on monitoring, with special attention given to valve seals which are typically the biggest emitting factor on the valve. Proper testing requirements to mitigate future leaks are also covered. Rounding out with international standards, laws and specifications to apply to projects around the world, this book gives today's engineers updated knowledge on how to lower emissions on today's equipment.

Focusing on today's major fuel resources - ethanol, biodiesel, wood, natural gas, petroleum products and coal - this book discusses the formation, composition and properties of the fuels, and the ways in which they are processed for commercial use. It examines the origin of fuels through natural processes such as photosynthesis and the geological transformation of ancient plant material; the relationships between their composition, molecular structures and physical properties; and the various processes by which they are converted or refined into the fuel products appearing on today's market. Fundamental chemical aspects such as catalysis and the behaviour of reactive intermediates are presented, and global warming and anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions are also discussed. The book is ideal for graduate students in energy engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering and chemistry, as well as professional scientists and engineers.

Sustainable Natural Gas Reservoir and Production Engineering, the latest release in The Fundamentals and Sustainable Advances in Natural Gas Science and Engineering series, delivers many of the scientific fundamentals needed in the natural gas industry, including improving gas recovery, simulation processes for fracturing methods, and methods for optimizing production strategies. Advanced research covered includes machine learning applications, gas fracturing mechanics aimed at reducing environmental impact, and enhanced oil recovery technologies aimed at capturing carbon dioxide. Supported by corporate and academic contributors along with two well-distinguished editors, this book provides today's natural gas engineers the fundamentals and advances in a convenient resource

Sustainable Geoscience for Natural Gas SubSurface Systems delivers many of the scientific fundamentals needed in the natural gas industry, including coal-seam gas reservoir characterization and fracture analysis modeling for shale and tight gas reservoirs. Advanced research includes machine learning applications for well log and facies analysis, 3D gas property geological modeling, and X-ray CT scanning to reduce environmental hazards. Supported by corporate and academic contributors, along with two well-distinguished editors, the book gives today's natural gas engineers both fundamentals and advances in a convenient resource, with a zero-carbon future in mind.

Compendium of Hydrogen Energy: Hydrogen Production and Purification, the first text in a four-volume series, focuses on the production of hydrogen. As many experts believe that the hydrogen economy will eventually replace the fossil fuel economy as our primary source of energy, the text provides a timely discussion on this interesting topic. The text details the methods of hydrogen production using fossil fuels, also exploring sustainable extraction methods of hydrogen production from water and hydrogen purification processes.

For the practitioner, this volume is a valuable tool for predicting reservoir flow in the most efficient and profitable manner possible, using quantitative methods rather than anecdotal and outdated methods. For the student, this volume offers insight not covered in other textbooks.
Too many approaches in traditional petroleum engineering are based on "ad hoc" and "common sense" methods that have no rigorous mathematical basis. Most textbooks dealing with reservoir engineering do not go into the necessary mathematical detail and depth. This new book by Wilson Chin, a revision of two earlier books published by Gulf Publishing, Modern Reservoir Flow and Well Transient Analysis and Formation Invasion, integrates rigorous mathematical methods for simulating and predicting reservoir flow both near and away from the well.
Predicts reservoir flow to maximize resources, time, and profits
Includes problems and solutions for students
Presents mathematical models in an easy-to-understand and easy-to-simulate format

Modeling and Simulation of Catalytic Reactors for Petroleum Refining deals with fundamental descriptions of the main conversion processes employed in the petroleum refining industry: catalytic hydrotreating, catalytic reforming, and fluid catalytic cracking. Common approaches for modeling of catalytic reactors for steady-state and dynamic simulations are also described and analyzed. Aspects such as thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, process variables, process scheme, and reactor design are discussed in detail from both research and commercial points of view. Results of simulation with the developed models are compared with those determined at pilot plant scale as well as commercial practice. Kinetics data used in the reactor model are either taken from the literature or obtained under controlled experiments at the laboratory.