While international negotiations to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions have been less than satisfactory, there is a presumption that a significant level of multi-lateral commitment will be realized at some point. International air and marine travel have been left to one side in past talks because the pursuit of agreement proceeds on the basis of commitment by sovereign nations and the effects of these specific commercial activities are, by their nature, difficult to corral and assign to specific national jurisdictions. However, air travel is increasing and, unless something is done, emissions from this segment of our world economy will form a progressively larger percentage of the total, especially as emissions fall in other activities. This book focuses on fuel. The aim is to provide background in technical and policy terms, from the broadest reliable sources of information available, for the necessary discourse on society's reaction to the evolving aviation emissions profile. It considers what policy has been, why and how commercial air travel is committed to its current liquid fuel, how that fuel can be made without using fossil-source materials, and the barriers to change. It also advances some elements of policy remedies that make sense in providing an environmentally and economically sound way forward in a context that comprehends a more complete vision of sustainability than 'renewable fuels' traditionally have. The goal of Will Sustainability Fly? is to broaden and contextualize the knowledge resource available to academics, policy makers, air industry leaders and stakeholders, and interested members of the public.

Updated and better than ever, "Design of Gas-Handling Systems and Facilities, 3rd Edition "includes greatly expanded chapters on gas-liquid separation, gas sweetening, gas liquefaction, and gas dehydration information necessary and critical to production and process engineers and designers. Natural gas is at the forefront of today's energy needs, and this book walks you through the equipment and processes used in gas-handling operations, including conditioning and processing, to help you effectively design and manage your gas production facility. Taking a logical approach from theory into practical application, "Design of Gas-Handling Systems and Facilities, 3rd Edition "contains many supporting equations as well as detailed tables and charts to facilite process design. Based on real-world case studies and experience, this must-have training guide is a reference that no natural gas practitioner and engineer should be without.
Packed with charts, tables, and diagramsFeatures the prerequisite ASME and API codesUpdated chapters on gas-liquid separation, gas sweetening, gas liquefaction and gas dehydration"

"This book is fast becoming the standard text in its field," wrote a reviewer in the Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology soon after the first appearance of Dake's book. This prediction quickly came true: it has become the standard text and has been reprinted many times. The author's
aim - to provide students and teachers with a coherent account of the basic physics of reservoir engineering - has been most successfully achieved. No prior knowledge of reservoir engineering is necessary. The material is dealt with in a concise, unified and applied manner, and only the simplest and most straightforward mathematical techniques are used. This low-priced paperback edition will continue to be an invaluable teaching aid for years to come.

Harness State-of-the-Art Computational Modeling Tools Computational Modeling of Pulverized Coal Fired Boilers successfully establishes the use of computational modeling as an effective means to simulate and enhance boiler performance. This text factors in how computational flow models can provide a framework for developing a greater understanding of the underlying processes in PC boilers. It also provides a detailed account of the methodology of computational modeling of pulverized coal boilers, as well as an apt approach to modeling complex processes occurring in PC boilers in a manageable way. Connects Modeling with Real-Life Applications Restricted to the combustion side of the boiler (the authors assume some prior background of reaction engineering and numerical techniques), the book describes the individual aspects of combustion and heat recovery sections of PC boilers that can be used to further improve the design methodologies, optimize boiler performance, and solve practical boiler-related problems. The book provides guidelines on implementing the material in commercial CFD solvers, summarizes key points, and presents relevant case studies. It can also be used to model larger boilers based on conventional, super-critical, or ultra-super critical technologies as well as based on oxy-fuel technologies. Consisting of six chapters, this functional text: Provides a general introduction Explains the overall approach and methodology Explores kinetics of coal pyrolysis (devolatilization) and combustion and methods of its evaluation Presents computational flow modeling approach to simulate pulverized coal fired boiler Covers modeling aspects from formulation of model equations to simulation methodology Determines typical results obtained with computational flow models Discusses the phenomenological models or reactor network models Includes practical applications of computational modeling Computational Modeling of Pulverized Coal Fired Boilers explores the potential of computational models for better engineering of pulverized coal boilers, providing an ideal resource for practicing engineers working in utility industries. It also benefits boiler design companies, industrial consultants, R & D laboratories, and engineering scientists/research students.

Natural gas is considered the dominant worldwide bridge between fossil fuels of today and future resources of tomorrow. Thanks to the recent shale boom in North America, natural gas is in a surplus and quickly becoming a major international commodity. Stay current with conventional and now unconventional gas standards and procedures with "Natural Gas Processing: Technology and Engineering Design." Covering the entire natural gas process, Bahadori's must-have handbook provides everything you need to know about natural gas, including: Fundamental background on natural gas properties and single/multiphase flow factorsHow to pinpoint equipment selection criteria, such as US and international standards, codes, and critical design considerationsA step-by-step simplification of the major gas processing procedures, like sweetening, dehydration, and sulfur recoveryDetailed explanation on plant engineering and design steps for natural gas projects, helping managers and contractors understand how to schedule, plan, and manage a safe and efficient processing plant
Covers both conventional and unconventional gas resources such as coal bed methane and shale gasBridges natural gas processing with basic and advanced engineering design of natural gas projects including real world case studiesDigs deeper with practical equipment sizing calculations for flare systems, safety relief valves, and control valves

Canada is a well-endowed country that serves as an ideal model to lead the reader through the development of energy, resources, and society historically and into a post-carbon future. The book provides an historical perspective and describes the physical resource limitations, energy budgets, and climate realities that will determine the potential for any transition to renewable energy. Political and social realities, including jurisdiction and energy equality issues, are addressed. However, we cannot simply mandate or legislate policies according to social and political aspirations. Policies must comply with the realities of physical laws, such as the energy return on investment (EROI) for fossil-fuel based and renewable energy systems. EROI is discussed in both historical terms and in reference to the greater efficiencies inherent in a distributed generation, mainly electric, post-carbon society. Meyer explores the often misleading concepts and terms that have become embedded in society and tend to dictate our policy making, as well as the language, social and personal goals, and metrics that need to change before the physical transition can begin at the required scale. This book also reviews what nations have been doing thus far in terms of renewables, including the successes and failures in Canada and across the globe. Ontario's green energy fiasco, and a comparison of the different circumstances of Norway and Alberta, for example, are covered as part of the author's comparison of a wide range of countries. What are the achievements, plans, and problems that determine how well different countries are positioned to make "the transition"? The transition path is complex, and the tools we need to develop and the physical infrastructure investments we need to make, are daunting. At some point in time, Canada and Canadians, like all nations, will be living on 100% renewable energy. Whether the social and technological level that endures sees us travelling to the stars, or subsisting at a standard of living more similar to the pre-fossil fuel era, is far from certain.

In recent years, interest in the technology of gas cleaning at high temperatures has grown, driven in part by environmental legislation but also by demands for increases in process efficiency and intensity - notably for power generation and waste incineration. Some techniques for high temperature gas cleaning have now reached practical exploitation, and industrial applications are described by some of the contributors to this volume. This book should be of interest to all in the process industries and in the associated research community who are concerned with collecting particulates and gaseous components at temperatures above 200 degrees centigrade. Many of the major industrial trials of hot gas cleaning techniques since 1986, in both North America and Europe, are included. In particular, authors from both academic and industrial sectors consider: developments in processes and devices to remove particles from hot gas streams; measurement and analysis of particulate and gaseous components; combined processes for the removal of vapours and acid gases using "dry scrubbing" and related techniques; and applications in the process industries and in advanced power generation. This book should be of interest to chemical and process engineers in the industrial and academic sectors.

This revised and enlarged edition covers the latest developments in advanced energy technology and in the derivation and application of synthetic fuels. The entries provide information for students in many disciplines, professionals who need to keep in touch with the most recent research and the casual user in need of enlightenment on a technical subject. Energy studies, fuel technology, engineering, ecology and economics are among the disciplines which are brought to bear on this many-faceted topic.

Reservoir characterization as a discipline grew out of the recognition that more oil and gas could be extracted from reservoirs if the geology of the reservoir was understood. Prior to that awakening, reservoir development and production were the realm of the petroleum engineer. In fact, geologists of that time would have felt slighted if asked by corporate management to move from an exciting exploration assignment to a more mundane assignment working with an engineer to improve a reservoir s performance.

Slowly, reservoir characterization came into its own as a quantitative, multidisciplinary endeavor requiring a vast array of skills and knowledge sets. Perhaps the biggest attractor to becoming a reservoir geologist was the advent of fast computing, followed by visualization programs and theaters, all of which allow young geoscientists to practice their computing skills in a highly technical work environment. Also, the discipline grew in parallel with the evolution of data integration and the advent of asset teams in the petroleum industry. Finally, reservoir characterization flourished with the quantum improvements that have occurred in geophysical acquisition and processing techniques and that allow geophysicists to image internal reservoir complexities.
Practical resource describing different types of sandstone and shale reservoirsCase histories of reservoir studies for easy comparison Applications of standard, new, and emerging technologies
"

This book explains how to apply economic analysis to the evaluation of engineering challenges in the petroleum industry. Discussion progresses from an introduction to the industry, through principles and techniques of engineering economics, to the application of economic methods. Packed with real-world examples and case studies demonstrating how to calculate rate of return, discounted cash flow, payout period, and more, Petroleum Economics and Engineering, Third Edition assists petroleum engineers, chemical engineers, production workers, management, and executives in sound economic decision-making regarding the design, manufacture, and operation of oil and gas plants, equipment, and processes. The fully revised third edition is updated to reflect key advancements in petroleum technology and expanded to include chapters on middle stream operations, known as surface petroleum operations (SPO), and natural gas processing and fractionation. By looking globally at the hydrocarbon industry, the improved text offers the reader a more complete picture of the petroleum sector, which includes the global processes of exploration, production, refining, and transportation.

"Enhanced Oil Recovery Field Case Studies" bridges the gap between theory and practice in a range of real-world EOR settings. Areas covered include steam and polymer flooding, use of foam, in situ combustion, microorganisms, "smart water"-based EOR in carbonates and sandstones, and many more.

Oil industry professionals know that the key to a successful enhanced oil recovery project lies in anticipating the differences between plans and the realities found in the field. This book aids that effort, providing valuable case studies from more than 250 EOR pilot and field applications in a variety of oil fields. The case studies cover practical problems, underlying theoretical and modeling methods, operational parameters, solutions and sensitivity studies, and performance optimization strategies, benefitting academicians and oil company practitioners alike.
Strikes an ideal balance between theory and practiceFocuses on practical problems, underlying theoretical and modeling methods, and operational parametersDesigned for technical professionals, covering the fundamental as well as the advanced aspects of EOR

This book considers the problem of determining how many barrels of crude oil an oil-producing and exporting country should produce annually for export along with several other important problems that decision-makers in the crude oil industry face and discusses procedures for finding optimum solutions for them. It considers the important Objective Functions they need in making these critical decisions, and discusses procedures to find the best solutions. Outputs from the treatment units, in an oil refinery are only semi-finished products; these are blended into finished products like gasoline, diesel oil, etc., meeting various specifications that the marketplace demands. The book discusses models for solving these problems optimally with examples.

The majority of the cost-savings for any oil production facility is the prevention of failure in the production equipment such as pressure vessels. Money lost through lost production far outweighs expenses associated with maintenance and proper operation. However, many new engineers lack the necessary skills to effectively find and troubleshoot operating problems while experienced engineers lack knowledge of the latest codes and standards. The fifth book in the Field Manual Series, the "Pressure Vessel Operations Field Manual" provides new and experienced engineers with the latest tools to alter, repair and re-rate pressure vessels using ASME, NBIC and API 510 codes and standards.
Step-by-step procedure on how to design, perform in-shop and in-field inspections and repairs, perform alterations and re-rate a pressure vessel

How to select the appropriate vessel specifications, evaluate associated reports and determine allowable stresses

Calculations for stresses in pressure vessels

Select the appropriate materials of construction for a pressure vessel

Design pressure vessels using the ASME Code Section VIII, Division 1 and 2 to best fit the circumstance

The advancement of methods and technologies in the oil and gas industries calls for new insight into the corrosion problems these industries face daily. With the application of more precise instruments and laboratory techniques as well as the development of new scientific paradigms, corrosion professionals are also witnessing a new era in the way data are gathered and interpreted. Corrosion and Materials in the Oil and Gas Industries draws on state-of-the-art corrosion and materials technology as well as integrity management to offer guidance on dealing with aging and life extension in the oil and gas industries. Get Expert Insights on Corrosion Identification, Prevention, and Mitigation The book features contributions by engineers, scientists, and business managers from around the world, including major oil- and gas-producing and -exporting countries. Organized into four parts, the book first provides introductory and background information. The second part explains the properties of construction materials and the underlying mechanisms of degradation, including a chapter on microbiologically influenced corrosion. The third part of the book delves into inspection and maintenance issues, examining material selection, corrosion prevention strategies, and the role of design. It also supplies models to help you estimate corrosion damage and select mitigation and monitoring techniques. The fourth part tackles corrosion hazards, safety and risk, and reliability. It also links corrosion mitigation and the management of asset integrity, highlighting the need for companies to maintain their infrastructure to remain competitive. Interpret Field Findings More Confidently and Discover Solutions to Your Corrosion Problems Throughout, this richly illustrated book combines theory with practical strategies and examples from industry. As infrastructure ages and is pushed beyond its original design life to meet increasing energy demands, it is essential that those responsible for managing the infrastructure have a thorough understanding of material degradation and corrosion. This book is an invaluable reference for anyone involved in corrosion management and materials selection, particularly in the oil and gas industries, whether upstream, midstream, or downstream.

This self-contained reference covers the chemistry, process chemistry, technology, engineering, and economics of methane conversion, including its environmental impact and commercial exploitation. Beginning with methane's availability and increasing importance as an environmentally acceptable natural resource alternative and feedstock, Methane and Its Derivatives elucidates derivative production by synthesis gas and methane conversion routes discusses methanol and ammonia synthesis, synthetic gasoline, and oxygenate fuels technologies presents data on critical, supercritical, and transport properties, chemical reactions and equilibria, and solubility introduces recent gas engineering techniques, from NOx and SOx removal, and membrane gas separation, to multiphase transport phenomena and cryogenic processes surveys contemporary analytical chemistry and trace component identification methodologies highlights current trends of petrochemical industries and much more

Pipeline integrity is key to maintaining operational success, safety and security and minimising harm to the environment. Corrosion is a dominant contributory factor to failures, leaks and integrity threat in pipelines. Therefore, its optimum control within an integrity management framework is paramount for the cost effective design of facilities and ensuring continued, uninterrupted and safe operations within the expected design life. This recommended practice (RP) is a compendium of current best practices and state of the art knowledge by major operators, engineering contractors and service companies involved in hydrocarbon production and transportation. The RP incorporates some minimum operational requirements and practices to ensure that when managing corrosion in pipelines, fundamental principles are followed. It covers management of corrosion for pipelines carrying hydrocarbons, injection water and/or produced water from design to decommissioning. It is structured to follow the logical steps of a basic corrosion management process and makes references to relevant and available International standards and/or recommended practices. It is intended for use by personnel from the petroleum industry having knowledge of corrosion and materials. It is hoped that this RP will prove to be a key reference document for engineers, suppliers and contractors working in the oil and gas industry, paving the way for corrosion free operation of pipelines with the ultimate goal of improving safety, security and minimising the impact on the environment.

Reservoir management is concerned with the geoscience and reservoir/production engineering required to plan and optimize the development of discovered or producing oil and gas assets. One of the only books to cover both management and engineering issues, Advanced Reservoir Management and Engineering is redesigned to be the only book you need throughout your career. Written by two of the industry's best-known and well respected reservoir engineers and managers, this new edition offers readers a complete guide for formulating workflow solutions on a day to day bases.

Authoritative in its approach, the book begins with the theory and practice of transient flow analysis and offers a brief but thorough hands-on guide to gas and oil well testing. Chapter two documents water influx models and their practical applications in conducting comprehensive field studies, widely used throughout the industry. Essential topics such as Type-Curve Analysis, unconventional gas reservoirs, and gas hydrates are also covered. The book moves on to provide a clear exposition of key economic and financial management methods for evaluation criteria and cash flow analysis, analysis of fixed capital investments and advanced evaluation approaches. This is followed by a frank discussion of advanced evaluation approaches such as integration of decision analysis and professional ethics.

Readers will find the website a valuable guide for enhancing their understanding of different techniques used for predicting reservoir performance and cost. The website will also include information such as properties, tables and simple calculations. This combination book and website arrangement will prove particularly useful to new professionals interested in increasing their skills or more experienced professional wishing to increase their knowledge of current industry best practices.

The 2nd Edition of the book includes 3 new management chapters, representing a 30% increase over the previous edition. The new subjects include step by step approach to cash flow analysis, analysis of fixed capital investments, cash flow consequences, maintenance as well as a detailed approach to managing working capital. This is followed by a clear exposition of advanced evaluation approaches such as integration of decision analysis and economic evaluation and professional ethics.
Maximize cash flow, subject to capital and operating budgetDeliver new high-quality investment opportunities to managementEffectively manage the development of oil and gas assetsMaximize the benefit to the legitimate stakeholders

Once a natural gas or oil well is drilled, and it has been verified that commercially viable, it must be "completed" to allow for the flow of petroleum or natural gas out of the formation and up to the surface. This process includes: casing, pressure and temperature evaluation, and the proper instillation of equipment to ensure an efficient flow out of the well. In recent years, these processes have been greatly enhanced by new technologies. "Advanced Well Completion Engineering" summarizes and explains these advances while providing expert advice for deploying these new breakthrough engineering systems.

The book has two themes: one, the idea of preventing damage, and preventing formation from drilling into an oil formation to putting the well introduction stage; and two, the utilization of nodal system analysis method, which optimizes the pressure distribution from reservoir to well head, and plays the sensitivity analysis to design the tubing diameters first and then the production casing size, so as to achieve whole system optimization. With this book, drilling and production engineers should be able to improve operational efficiency by applying the latest state of the art technology in all facets of well completion during development drilling-completion and work over operations.
One of the only books devoted to the key technologies for all major aspects of advanced well completion activities.Unique coverage of all aspects of well completion activities based on 25 years in the exploration, production and completion industry.Matchless in-depth technical advice for achieving operational excellence with advance solutions.

Modern petroleum and petrotechnical engineering is increasingly challenging due to the inherently scarce and decreasing number of global petroleum resources. Exploiting these resources efficiently will require researchers, scientists, engineers and other practitioners to develop innovative mathematical solutions to serve as basis for new asset development designs. Deploying these systems in numerical models is essential to the future success and efficiency of the petroleum industry.

Multiphysics modeling has been widely applied in the petroleum industry since the 1960s. The rapid development of computer technology has enabled the numerical applications of multiphysics modeling in the petroleum industry: its applications are particularly popular for the numerical simulation of drilling and completion processes. This book covers theory and numerical applications of multiphysical modeling presenting various author-developed subroutines, used to address complex pore pressure input, complex initial geo-stress field input, etc. Some innovative methods in drilling and completion developed by the authors, such as trajectory optimization and a 3-dimensional workflow for calculation of mud weight window etc, are also presented. Detailed explanations are provided for the modeling process of each application example included in the book. In addition, details of the completed numerical models data are presented as supporting material which can be downloaded from the website of the publisher. Readers can easily understand key modeling techniques with the theory of multiphysics embedded in examples of applications, and can use the data to reproduce the results presented.

While this book would be of interest to any student, academic or professional practitioner of engineering, mathematics and natural science, we believe those professionals and academics working in civil engineering, petroleum engineering and petroleum geomechanics would find the work especially relevant to their endeavors.

This book focuses on pulverized coal particle devolatilization, ignition, alkali metal release behavior, and burnout temperature using several novel optic diagnostic methods on a Hencken multi-flat flame burner. Firstly, it presents a novel multi-filter technique to detect the CH* signal during coal ignition, which can be used to characterize the volatile release and reaction process. It then offers observations on the prevalent transition from heterogeneous ignition to hetero-homogeneous ignition due to ambient temperature based on visible light signal diagnostics. By utilizing the gap between the excitation energies of the gas and particle phases, a new low-intensity laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (PS-LIBS) is developed to identify the presence of sodium in the particle or gas phase along the combustion process. For the first time, the in-situ verification of the gas phase Na release accompanying coal devolatilization is fulfilled when the ambient temperature is high enough. In fact, particle temperature plays a vital role in the coal burnout process and ash particle formation. The last part of the book uses RGB color pyrometry and the CBK model to study the char particle temperature on a Hencken burner. It offers readers valuable information on the technique of coal ignition and combustion diagnostics as well as coal combustion characteristics.

lysts using enzyme, microbial, and plantbiochemistriesand genetic engi- neeringand "ProcessingResearch" describedtheconversionofplantcom- ponentsviaintegrationofmicrobiology,biochemistry,andchemistrywith engineering, separations, and hybrid systems. The "Enzymatic Processes and Enzyme Production" session focused on the manufacture and use of enzymes. The"IndustrialChemicals"sessionemphasizedrecentdevelop- mentsintheintegratedproductionandscale-upofchemicalsfrombiologi- cal rather than petrochemical routes. Special interest was on separation methods and their integrationintonew fermentation orhybrid processes. 35 oral presentations, a roundtable The technical program consisted of forum, two special topic discussions, and a poster session of 135 posters. Wecontinuedasuccessfulinformalroundtableserieswith"Bioenergy and Bioproducts: Forum on Recent Government Initiatives," which dis- cussedthePresident'sExecutiveOrder, the BioenergyInitiative, the Tech- nology Roadmap for Renewables Vision 2020, and other thrusts. These eventscontinuethe strongindustrial focus and activeindustrialparticipa- tionintheorganizingcommittee. Thishasbecomeverypopularbecauseit allows industrialand government participants to speakmore openly. AspecialTopicsDiscussionGroupwasheldon"C0 Sequestration," 2 ledby James W. Lee. Another onwas held on "Commercializationof Bio- mass-to-Ethanol" where chairs Jack N. Saddler and David J. Gregg made thegoal ofthisworkshop to showparticipantsthatweare close to demon- stratingthe technicalviability ofanintegratedbiomass-to-ethanolprocess and that progressive technical advances and policy decisions will likely greatly enhance the economic attractiveness of the process.

Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) has been used on a commercial scale for more than eighty years. It was initially developed for strategic reasons because it offered a source of transportation fuels that was independent from crude oil. Unlike crude, Fischer-Tropsch synthetic crude is rich in olefins and oxygenates, while being sulphur and nitrogen free. Consequently, the catalysis involved in refining it is significantly different and only a few catalysts have been developed for the purpose. Until now, an account of this topic has been missing from the literature, despite mounting interest in the technology. This is the first book to provide a review and analysis of the literature (journal and patent) on the catalysis needed to refine syncrude to transportation fuels. It specifically highlights the impact of oxygenates and how oxygenates affect selectivity and deactivation. This aspect is also related to the refining of biomass derived liquids. Topics covered include: dimerisation / oligomerisation, isomerisation / hydroisomerisation, catalytic cracking / hydrocracking and hydrogenation, catalytic reforming, aromatic alkylation, etherification, dehydration, and some oxygenate and wax specific conversions.

This book presents selected articles from the workshop on "Challenges in Petrophysical Evaluation and Rock Physics Modeling of Carbonate Reservoirs" held at IIT Bombay in November 2017. The articles included explore the challenges associated with using well-log data, core data analysis, and their integration in the qualitative and quantitative assessment of petrophysical and elastic properties in carbonate reservoirs. The book also discusses the recent trends and advances in the area of research and development of carbonate reservoir characterization, both in industry and academia. Further, it addresses the challenging concept of porosity portioning, which has huge implications for exploration and development success in these complex reservoirs, enabling readers to understand the varying orders of deposition and diagenesis and also to model the flow and elastic properties.

This book details some of the problems experienced in the Soviet petroleum industry and includes a discussion on the downward trend in petroleum production. It reviews a geological assessment of the offshore region and presents a discussion of activities in the Soviet offshore waters.

This unique handbook presents both the theory and application of biomass combustion and co-firing, from basic principles to industrial combustion and environmental impact, in a clear and comprehensive manner. It offers a solid grounding on biomass combustion, and advice on improving combustion systems. Written by leading international academics and industrial experts, and prepared under the auspices of the IEA Bioenergy Implementing Agreement, the handbook is an essential resource for anyone interested in biomass combustion and co-firing technologies varying from domestic woodstoves to utility-scale power generation. The book covers subjects including biomass fuel pre-treatment and logistics, modelling the combustion process and ash-related issues, as well as featuring an overview of the current R&D needs regarding biomass combustion.