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Books > Humanities > History > World history > From 1900
Through this book's roughly 50 reference entries, readers will gain
a better appreciation of what life during the Industrial Revolution
was like and see how the United States and Europe rapidly changed
as societies transitioned from an agrarian economy to one based on
machines and mass production. The Industrial Revolution remains one
of the most transformative events in world history. It forever
changed the economic landscape and gave birth to the modern world
as we know it. The content and primary documents within The
Industrial Revolution: History, Documents, and Key Questions
provide key historical background of the Industrial Revolution in
Europe and the United States, enable students to gain unique
insights into life during the period, and allow readers to perceive
the similarities to developments in society today with ongoing
advances in current science and technology. Roughly 50 reference
entries provide essential information about the most important
people and developments related to the Industrial Revolution,
including Richard Arkwright, coal, colonialism, cotton, the factory
system, pollution, railroads, and the steam engine. Each entry
provides information that gives readers a sense of the importance
of the topic within a historical and societal perspective. For
example, the coverage of movements during the Industrial Revolution
explains the origin of each, including when it was established, and
by whom; its significance; and the social context in which the
movement was formed. Each entry cites works for further reading to
help users learn more about specific topics. Provides entries on a
wide range of ideas, individuals, events, places, movements,
organizations, and objects and artifacts of the Industrial
Revolution that allow readers to better grasp the lasting
significance of the period Offers a historical overview essay that
presents a narrative summary of the causes of the Industrial
Revolution and a timeline of the most important events related to
the Industrial Revolution Includes primary sources-each introduced
by a headnote-that supply contemporary perspectives on vital
elements of social history, especially the actions and conditions
of laborers during the Industrial Revolution, providing insights
into people's actions and motivations during this time of
transition
In 1946, at a time when other French colonies were just beginning
to break free of French imperial control after World War II, the
people of the French Antilles-the Caribbean islands of Martinique
and Guadeloupe-voted to join the French nation as departments
(Departments d'outre mer, or DOMs). For Antilleans, eschewing
independence in favor of complete integration with the metropole
was the natural culmination of a centuries-long quest for equality
with France and a means of overcoming the entrenched political and
economic power of the white minority on the islands, the Bekes.
Disappointment with departmentalization set in quickly, however, as
the equality promised was slow in coming and Antillean
contributions to the war effort went unrecognized. In analyzing the
complex considerations surrounding the integration of the French
Antilleans, Seeking Imperialism's Embrace explores how the major
developments of post-WWII history-economic recovery, great power
politics, global population dynamics, the creation of pluralistic
societies in the West, and the process of decolonization-played out
in the microcosm of the French Caribbean. As the French government
struggled to stem unrest among a growing population in the Antilles
through economic development, tourism, and immigration to the
metropole where labor was in short supply, those who had championed
departmentalization, such as Aime Cesaire, argued that the
"race-blind" Republic was far from universal and egalitarian.
Antilleans fought against the racial and gender stereotypes imposed
on them and sought both to stem the tide of white metropolitan
workers arriving in the Antilles and also to make better lives for
their families in France. Kristen Stromberg Childers argues that
while departmentalization is often criticized as a weak alternative
to national independence, the overwhelmingly popular vote among
Antilleans should not be dismissed as ill-conceived. The
disappointment that followed, she contends, reflects more on the
broken promises of assimilation rather than the misguided nature of
the vote itself.
A panoramic narrative of the years leading up to the Second World
War--a tale of democratic crisis, racial conflict, and a belated
recognition of evil, with profound resonance for our own time.
Berlin, November 1937. Adolf Hitler meets with his military
commanders to impress upon them the urgent necessity for a war of
aggression in eastern Europe. Some generals are unnerved by the
Fuhrer's grandiose plan, but these dissenters are silenced one by
one, setting in motion events that will culminate in the most
calamitous war in history. Benjamin Carter Hett takes us behind the
scenes in Berlin, London, Moscow, and Washington, revealing the
unsettled politics within each country in the wake of the German
dictator's growing provocations. He reveals the fitful path by
which anti-Nazi forces inside and outside Germany came to
understand Hitler's true menace to European civilization and
learned to oppose him, painting a sweeping portrait of governments
under siege, as larger-than-life figures struggled to turn events
to their advantage. As in The Death of Democracy, his acclaimed
history of the fall of the Weimar Republic, Hett draws on original
sources and newly released documents to show how these long-ago
conflicts have unexpected resonances in our own time. To read The
Nazi Menace is to see past and present in a new and unnerving
light.
In the face of an outpouring of research on Holocaust history,
Holocaust Angst takes an innovative approach. It explores how
Germans perceived and reacted to how Americans publicly
commemorated the Holocaust. It argues that a network of mostly
conservative West German officials and their associates in private
organizations and foundations, with Chancellor Kohl located at its
center, perceived themselves as the "victims" of the afterlife of
the Holocaust in America. They were concerned that public
manifestations of Holocaust memory, such as museums, monuments, and
movies, could severely damage the Federal Republic's reputation and
even cause Americans to question the Federal Republic's status as
an ally. From their perspective, American Holocaust memorial
culture constituted a stumbling block for (West) German-American
relations since the late 1970s. Providing the first comprehensive,
archival study of German efforts to cope with the Nazi past
vis-a-vis the United States up to the 1990s, this book uncovers the
fears of German officials - some of whom were former Nazis or World
War II veterans - about the impact of Holocaust memory on the
reputation of the Federal Republic and reveals their at times
negative perceptions of American Jews. Focusing on a variety of
fields of interaction, ranging from the diplomatic to the scholarly
and public spheres, the book unearths the complicated and often
contradictory process of managing the legacies of genocide on an
international stage. West German decision makers realized that
American Holocaust memory was not an "anti-German plot" by American
Jews and acknowledged that they could not significantly change
American Holocaust discourse. In the end, German confrontation with
American Holocaust memory contributed to a more open engagement on
the part of the West German government with this memory and
eventually rendered it a "positive resource" for German
self-representation abroad. Holocaust Angst offers new perspectives
on postwar Germany's place in the world system as well as the
Holocaust culture in the United States and the role of
transnational organizations.
The United States during World War II was unprepared for one of
Germany's most destructive war efforts: a U-boat assault on Allied
ships in the Caribbean that sank about 400 tankers and merchant
ships, with few losses to the German submarine fleet. The Germans
had set up a network of spies and had the secret support of some
dictators, including the Dominican Republic's Rafael Trujillo,
supplying their U-boats with fuel.The Caribbean was of crucial
strategic importance to the Allies. Roughly 95 percent of the oil
sustaining the East Coast of the United States came from the
region, along with bauxite, required to manufacture airplanes. The
United States invested billions of dollars to build bases, landing
strips, roads, and other military infrastructure on the Puerto Rico
and secured a 99-year lease on all the British bases located in the
Caribbean. The United States also struck an agreement with neutral
Vichy France to keep the French Navy in the harbor of Martinique,
preventing it from being turned over to the Germans, in exchange
for a food supply for the island. Elsewhere, however, the German
blockade was taking a dire human toll. All of the islands
experienced a drastic food shortage. The US military buildup
created jobs and income, but locals were paid a third as much as
continental workers. The military also brought its segregationist
policies to the islands, creating further tensions and resentment.
The sacrifice of the Caribbean people was bitter, but their
participation in the war effort was also decisive: The U-boat
menace more or less disappeared from the region in late 1943,
thanks to their work building up the US military operation.
Based on 70 hours of interviews with Franz Stangl, commandant of Treblinka (the largest of the extermination camps), this book bares the soul of a man who continually found ways to rationalize his role in Hitler's final soulution.
International Organizations play a pivotal role on the modern
global stage and have done, this book argues, since the beginning
of the 20th century. This volume offers the first historical
exploration into the formative years of international public
administrations, covering the birth of the League of Nations and
the emergence of the second generation that still shape
international politics today such as the UN, NATO and OECD.
Centring on Europe, where the multilaterization of international
relations played out more intensely in the mid-20th century than in
other parts of the world, it demonstrates a broad range of
historiographical and methodological approaches to institutions in
international history. The book argues that after several 'turns'
(cultural, linguistic, material, transnational), international
history is now better equipped to restate its core questions of
policy and power with a view to their institutional dimensions.
Making use of new approaches in the field, this book develops an
understanding of the specific powers and roles of
IO-administrations by delving into their institutional make-up.
To mark the end of the war in Europe the flag was hoisted in front
of the School, and on 8 May and 9 May 1945 there was a holiday to
celebrate VE Day. On 10 May there was a short ceremony at Morning
Assembly to celebrate the Allied victory. This book is not only
about those 463 ex-pupils and staff who were in the Armed Forces,
forty-one of whom were killed in the War, or about those who were
wounded, or those who were prisoners of war in German, Italian or
Japanese hands. It is also about the life of the school in the
years 1939 - 1945 and the 998 pupils who were there at the time,
forty-one of whom were at Prince Henry's for the length of the war.
It is dedicated to everybody associated with Prince Henry's Grammar
School before and during the Second World War. Lest we forget.
From the foreword: WHEN JAPAN ATTACKED PEARL HARBOR on December 7,
1941, and Germany and Italy joined Japan four days later in
declaring war against the United States, intelligence essential for
the Army Air Forces to conduct effective warfare in the European
and Pacific theaters did not exist. Piercing the Fog tells the
intriguing story of how airmen built intelligence organizations to
collect and process information about the enemy and to produce and
disseminate intelligence to decisionmakers and warfighters in the
bloody, horrific crucible of war. Because the problems confronting
and confounding air intelligence officers, planners, and operators
fifty years ago still resonate, Piercing the Fog is particularly
valuable for intelligence officers, planners, and operators today
and for anyone concerned with acquiring and exploiting intelligence
for successful air warfare. More than organizational history, this
book reveals the indispensable and necessarily secret role
intelligence plays in effectively waging war. It examines how World
War II was a watershed period for Air Force Intelligence and for
the acquisition and use of signals intelligence, photo
reconnaissance intelligence, human resources intelligence, and
scientific and technical intelligence. Piercing the Fog discusses
the development of new sources and methods of intelligence
collection; requirements for intelligence at the strategic,
operational, and tactical levels of warfare; intelligence to
support missions for air superiority, interdiction, strategic
bombardment, and air defense; the sharing of intelligence in a
coalition and joint service environment; the acquisition of
intelligence to assess bomb damage on a target-by-target basis and
to measure progress in achieving campaign and war objecti ves; and
the ability of military leaders to understand the intentions and
capabilities of the enemy and to appreciate the pressures on
intelligence officers to sometimes tell commanders what they think
the commanders want to hear instead of what the intelligence
discloses. The complex problems associated with intelligence to
support strategic bombardment in the 1940s will strike some readers
as uncannily prescient to global Air Force operations in the 1990s.
Thomas Ware served in the Army from March 1968 until March 1971. He
served in Dau Tieng, Vietnam. This is an accounting of his time in
Vietnam and his ensuing life as a result of experiences. The
injustices of the American Military system.
Corn Crusade: Khrushchev's Farming Revolution in the Post-Stalin
Soviet Union is the first history of Nikita Khrushchev's venture to
cover the Soviet Union in corn, a crop common globally but hitherto
rare in his country. Lasting from 1953 until 1964, this crusade was
an emblematic component of his efforts to resolve agrarian crises
inherited from Joseph Stalin. Using policies and propaganda to
pressure farms to expand corn plantings tenfold, Khrushchev
expected the resulting bounty to feed not people, but the livestock
necessary to produce the meat and dairy products required to make
good on his frequent pledges that the Soviet Union was soon to
"catch up to and surpass America." This promised to enrich
citizens' hitherto monotonous diets and score a victory in the Cold
War, which was partly recast as a "peaceful competition" between
communism and capitalism. Khrushchev's former comrades derided corn
as one of his "harebrained schemes" when ousting him in October
1964. Echoing them, scholars have ridiculed it as an "irrational
obsession," blaming the failure on climatic conditions. Corn
Crusade brings a more complex and revealing history to light.
Borrowing technologies from the United States, Khrushchev expected
farms in the Soviet Union to increase productivity because he
believed that innovations developed under capitalism promised
greater returns under socialism. These technologies generated
results in many economic, social, and climatic contexts after World
War II but fell short in the Soviet Union. Attempting to make
agriculture more productive and ameliorate exploitative labor
practices established in the 1930s, Khrushchev achieved only
partial reform of rural economic life. Enjoying authority over
formal policy, Khrushchev stood atop an undisciplined hierarchy of
bureaucracies, local authorities, and farmworkers. Weighing
competing incentives, they flouted his authority by doing enough to
avoid penalties, but too little to produce even modest harvests of
corn, let alone the bumper crops the leader envisioned.
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