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Books > History > World history > From 1900
While it is generally known that Mahatma Gandhi had great affection
for Jawaharlal Nehru and that this was one of the most important
factors in the latter succeeding him as the leading figure in the
Indian National Congress and becoming the Prime Minister of India,
it is seldom realized that the relationship between the two was one
of the most determining factors in the history of the Congress and
consequently in that of modern India, both before and after the
achievement of Independence. To bring all this into focus has been
the main objective of this work. Part one of the book consists of
the texts of letters exchanged between Gandhi and Nehru and part
two shows the impact of the Gandhi-Nehru relationship on the
history of the Indian National Congress. Some of the moving
writings of Nehru on Gandhi after the latter's passing away,
showing Nehru's deep attachment to the master, follow. The
introduction not only sums up the materials in two parts, but also
discusses the impact of the Gandhi-Nehru relationship on the
history of India during the Nehru Era. The book will be of
tremendous interest to the general public as well as to scholars of
modern Indian history in general and of Gandhi and Nehru in
particular.
The fall of 2016 saw the release of the widely popular First World
War video game Battlefield 1. Upon the game's initial announcement
and following its subsequent release, Battlefield 1 became the
target of an online racist backlash that targeted the game's
inclusion of soldiers of color. Across social media and online
communities, players loudly proclaimed the historical inaccuracy of
black soldiers in the game and called for changes to be made that
correct what they considered to be a mistake that was influenced by
a supposed political agenda. Through the introduction of the
theoretical framework of the 'White Mythic Space', this book seeks
to investigate the reasons behind the racist rejection of soldiers
of color by Battlefield 1 players in order to answer the question:
Why do individuals reject the presence of people of African descent
in popular representations of history?
The history of travel has long been constructed and described
almost exclusively as a history of "European", male mobility,
without, however, explicitly making the gender and whiteness of the
travellers a topic. The anthology takes this as an occasion to
focus on journeys to Europe that gave "non-Europeans" the
opportunity to glance at "Europe" and to draw a picture of it by
themselves. So far, little attention has been paid to the questions
with which attributes these travellers endowed "Europe" and its
people, which similarities and differences they observed and which
idea(s) of "Europe" they produced. The focus is once again on
"Europe", but not as the starting point for conquests or journeys.
From a postcolonial and gender historical view, the anthology's
contributions rather juxtapose (self-)representations of "Europe"
with perspectives that move in a field of tension between
agreement, contradiction and oscillation.
The Second Nagorno-Karabakh war - fought between Armenia and
Azerbaijan between September 24 and November 10, 2020
face=Calibri>- was the first war in history won primarily by
unmanned systems. This 44-day war resulted in a decisive military
victory for Azerbaijan. Armenia was outfought, outnumbered, and
outspent and lost even though they controlled the high ground in a
mountainous region that favored traditional defense. Azerbaijan's
alliance with Turkey, and close technological support from Israel,
strategically isolated Armenia. In addition, Turkey's posturing
influenced the Russians not to intervene to support Armenia. That
Azerbaijan attacked Armenia during the pandemic was an additional
factor. The fact that Azerbaijan won the war is not extraordinary,
considering the correlation of forces arrayed against Armenia. What
is exceptional is that this was the first modern war primarily
decided by unmanned weapons. In this war the Turkish-made BAYRAKTAR
TB2 Unmanned Air Combat Vehicle (UCAV) and the Israeli-made HAROP
Loitering Munition (LM) dominated the fighting and provided
Azerbaijan with a war-winning advantage.
The United Nations in International History argues for a new way of
examining the history of this central global institution by
integrating more traditional diplomacy between states with new
trends in transnational and cultural history to explore the
organization and its role in 20th- and 21st-century history. Amy
Sayward looks at the origins of the U.N. before examining a range
of organizations and players in the United Nations system and
analysing its international work in the key arenas of diplomacy,
social & economic development programs, peace-keeping, and
human rights. This volume provides a concise introduction to the
broad array of international work done by the United Nations,
synthesizes the existing interdisciplinary literature, and
highlights areas in need of further research, making it ideal for
students and beginning researchers.
Winston Churchill is a renowned historical figure, whose remarkable
political and military career continues to enthral. This book
consists of short, highly readable chapters on key aspects of
Churchill's career. Written by leading experts, the chapters draw
on documents from Churchill's extensive personal papers as well as
cutting-edge scholarship. Ranging from Churchill's youthful
statesmanship to the period of the Cold War, the volume considers
his military strategy during both World Wars as well as dealing
with the social, political and economic issues that helped define
the Churchillian era. Suitable for those coming to Churchill for
the first time, as well as providing new insights for those already
familiar with his life, this is a sparkling collection of essays
that provides an enlightening history of Churchill and his era.
The slow collapse of the European colonial empires after 1945
provides one of the great turning points of twentieth century
history. With the loss of India however, the British under Harold
Macmillan attempted to enforce a 'second' colonial occupation -
supporting the efforts of Sir Andrew Cohen of the Colonial Office
to create a Central African Federation. Drawing on newly released
archival material, The Politics and Economics of Decolonization in
Africa offers a fresh examination of Britain's central African
territories in the late colonial period and provides a detailed
assessment of how events in Britain, Africa and the UN shaped the
process of decolonization. The author situates the Central African
Federation - which consisted of modern day Zambia, Zimbabwe and
Malawi - in its wider international context, shedding light on the
Federation's complex relationships with South Africa, with US
Presidents Dwight Eisenhower and John F. Kennedy and with the
expanding United Nations. The result is an important history of the
last days of the British Empire and the beginnings of a more
independent African continent.
Women and Democracy in Cold War Japan offers a fresh perspective on
gender politics by focusing on the Japanese housewife of the 1950s
as a controversial representation of democracy, leisure, and
domesticity. Examining the shifting personae of the housewife,
especially in the appealing texts of women's magazines, reveals the
diverse possibilities of postwar democracy as they were embedded in
media directed toward Japanese women. Each chapter explores the
contours of a single controversy, including debate over the royal
wedding in 1959, the victory of Japan's first Miss Universe, and
the unruly desires of postwar women. Jan Bardsley also takes a
comparative look at the ways in which the Japanese housewife is
measured against equally stereotyped notions of the modern
housewife in the United States, asking how both function as
narratives of Japan-U.S. relations and gender/class containment
during the early Cold War.
The true story of a woman's incredible journey into the heart of
the Third Reich to find the man she loves. When the Gestapo seize
20-year-old Olga Czepf's fiance she is determined to find him and
sets off on an extraordinary 2,000-mile search across Nazi-occupied
Europe risking betrayal, arrest and death. As the Second World War
heads towards its bloody climax, she refuses to give up - even when
her mission leads her to the gates of Dachau and Buchenwald
concentration camps...Now 88 and living in London, Olga tells with
remarkable clarity of the courage and determination that drove her
across war-torn Europe, to find the man she loved. The greatest
untold true love story of World War Two.
In the opening days of the World War II, a joint U.S.-Filipino army
fought desperately to defend Manila Bay and the Philippines against
a Japanese invasion. Much of the five-month campaign was waged on
the Bataan Peninsula and Corregidor Island. Despite dwindling
supplies and dim prospects for support, the garrison held out as
long as possible and significantly delayed the Japanese timetable
for conquest in the Pacific. In the end, the Japanese forced the
largest capitulation in U.S. military history. The defenders were
hailed as heroes and the legacy of their determined resistance
marks the Philippines today. Drawing on accounts from American and
Filipino participants and archival sources, this book tells the
story of these critical months of the Pacific War, from the first
air strikes to the fall of Bataan and Corregidor.
At midnight on 30 June 1997, Hong Kong reverted to Chinese
sovereignty after 150 years of British rule. The moment when the
British flag came down was dramatic enough but the ten years
leading up to it were full of surprising incident and change. These
'Letters from Hong Kong', written by an Englishwoman who was
involved in those events from 1987, are both an unusual historical
record and a heartwarming account of women's domestic, intellectual
and political activity. This epilogue brings Hong Kong up to date
ten years after the Handover.
Nerve agents are the world's deadliest means of chemical warfare.
Nazi Germany developed the first military-grade nerve agents and
massive industry for their manufacture-yet, strangely, the Third
Reich never used them. At the end of the Second World War, the
Allies were stunned to discover this advanced and extensive
programme. The Soviets and Western powers embarked on a new arms
race, amassing huge chemical arsenals. From their Nazi invention to
the 2018 Novichok attack in Britain, Dan Kaszeta uncovers nerve
agents' gradual spread across the world, despite international arms
control efforts. They've been deployed in the Iran-Iraq War, by
terrorists in Japan, in the Syrian Civil War, and by assassins in
Malaysia and Salisbury-always with bitter consequences. 'Toxic'
recounts the grisly history of these weapons of mass destruction: a
deadly suite of invisible, odourless killers.
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