The subject matter of this book deals with fundamental questions such as: where do industrial chemicals come from?; how are they made?; what determines which of these chemicals are produced in commercial quantities?; and what are the economic factors which affect production and pricing levels of these chemicals? These studies were done by the author using a technique he calls the "Building Block Approach". This means using a given chemical structure which is usually produced by the assembly of structural units that differ in the number of variations and the presence of important hetero atoms. The author demonstrates the usefulness of this approach in the recognition of potential choices of chemical assembly operations and that repeated applications of this approach will develop skill in recognizing industrially useful synthetic procedures.

Responsible Manufacturing has become an obligation to the environment and to society itself, enforced primarily by customer perspective and governmental regulations on environmental issues. This is mainly driven by the escalating deterioration of the environment, such as diminishing raw material resources, overflowing waste sites, and increasing levels of pollution. Responsible Manufacturing related issues have found a large following in industry and academia, which aim to find solutions to the problems that arise in this newly emerged research area. Problems are widespread, including the ones related to the lifecycle of products, disassembly, material recovery, remanufacturing, and pollution prevention. Organized into sixteen chapters, this book provides a foundation for academicians and practitioners, and addresses several important issues faced by strategic, tactical, and operation planners of Responsible Manufacturing. Using efficient models in a variety of decision-making situations, it provides easy-to-use mathematical and/or simulation modeling-based solution methodologies for the majority of the issues. Features Addresses a variety of state-of-the-art issues in Responsible Manufacturing Highlights how popular industrial engineering and operations research techniques can be effectively exploited to find the most effective solutions to problems Presents how a specific issue can be approached or modeled in a given decision-making situation Covers strategic, tactical, and operational systems issues Provides a foundation for academicians and practitioners interested in building bodies of knowledge in this new and fast-growing area

Finally - Mining in Clear and Understandable Language. How Mining Works explains complex mining concepts in a way simple enough for those who are not familiar with the industry, yet thorough enogh to be useful to long-time professionals. This colorful book presents a logical and sensible sequence for acquiring a strong working knowledge of the world of mining. Chapter 1 provides a quick geology review, explaining how the earth is structured ... how, why, and where mineral ores are created ... and how technological advances help us make educated guesses about where to locate new mines. The next three chapters present mining and refining operations. Chapter 2 offers in-depth explanations about the different types of mining, the equipment and procedures needed for both surface and deep mining, and Chapter 3 follows with six methods for processing the ore into usable refined metal. And, since not all mines produce metals, Chapter 4 covers nonmetallic operations that produce coal, diamonds, and aggregates such as clays and feldspars. The second half of the book puts mining in the context of the wider world. Chapter 5 examines four types of mining waste (including several subcategories) and how to deal with each. Chapter 6 looks at labor practices, environmental sustainability, and worker and community health and safety-all critical in today's highly regulated environment. Chapter 7 highlights mining economics, with detailed information on how mine products are priced, monetary arrangements between mines and smelters, and even the impact of reserves on mining's future. Chapter 8 takes a visionary yet practical look at the future of mining, covering not only advances in expected areas (like robotics) but also in biotechnology, with a fascinating look at how plants, insects, and various microbes could be used to extract metals. Appendix A provides a crash course in the chemistry sometimes needed to understand why rock goes in and metal comes out.

Seit Jahrzehnten ist der Softwarebau in der Krise. Immer noch gehen etwa die Halfte aller in der IT-Produktion eingesetzten Mittel verloren. Angekundigte Programme verzogern sich oder bleiben hinter den Erwartungen zuruck.

Muss das so sein? Die These dieses Werkes lautet: die Ursachen hierfur sind in den dem Softwarebau zugrunde liegenden Paradigmen zu suchen. Statt den Blick in erster Linie auf eingesetzte Technik, Best Practices oder Prozesse zu werfen, betreibt der Autor im Sinne des Total Quality Managements Ursachenforschung und stellt die Denk- und Arbeitsweisen der Entwickler auf den Prufstand. Dabei hinterfragt er zugrunde gelegte Annahmen, fahndet nach neuen Losungsparadigmen und ubertragt diese auf industrietaugliche Arbeitskonzepte. In einem interdisziplinaren Ansatz wird dargestellt, wie Software effizienter, kostengunstiger und qualitativ besser werden kann, weil Mitarbeiter gelernt haben, die anstehenden Aufgaben ganzheitlich zu bewaltigen.

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The field of electronic packaging continues to grow at an amazing rate. To be successful in this field requires analytical skills, a foundation in mechanical engineering, and access to the latest developments in the electronics field. The emphasis for each project that the electronic packaging engineer faces changes from project to project, and from company to company, yet some constants should continue into the foreseeable future. One of these is the emphasis on ther mal design. Although just a few years ago thermal analysis of electronic equipment was an afterthought, it is becoming one of the primary aspects of many packaging jobs. It seems that the days of just adding a bigger fan to reduce the overheat ing problem are almost over. Replacing that thought is the up-front commitment to CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) software code, FEA (Finite Element Analysis) software, and the realization that the problem will only get worse. As the electronic circuit size is reduced, speed is increased. As the power of these systems increases and the volume allowed diminishes, heat flux or density (heat per unit area, W/m 2 or Btulh ft2) has spiraled. Much of the improvement in the reliability and packaging density of electronic circuits can be traced to advances in thermal design. While air cooling is still used extensively, advanced heat transfer techniques using exotic synthetic liquids are becoming more prominent, allowing still smaller systems to be manufactured. The appli cation of advanced thermal management techniques requires a background in fluid dynamics."

This innovative reference collects state-of-the-art procedures for the construction and design of nanoparticles and porous material while suggesting appropriate areas of application. Presenting both synthesis and characterization protocols, Surfaces of Nanoparticles and Porous Materials contains over 3000 references, tables, equations, drawings, and photographs. It examines the thermodynamics and kinetics of adsorption involving organic and inorganic liquids, solids, and gaseous media.. Topics include characterization, transport processes, diffusion, and the adsorption of heavy metals, ions, proteins, and pharmaceutical organics.

Das Buch widmet sich der Hydro-Umformung, der wohl wichtigsten Verfahrensgruppe auf dem Gebiet der Umformung mit Wirkmedien, wobei das flussige Medium in einem Hohlraum wirkt, der durch Werkstuck und Dichtsystem abgeschlossen ist. Die Monographie ist sowohl Nachschlagewerk fur den in der Praxis tatigen Ingenieur als auch Lehrbuch fur Studierende. Schwerpunkte bilden Verfahrensgrundlagen, Prozessgestaltung, Werkzeugtechnik und Anlagenkomponenten fur die Hydro-Umformung. Dabei werden u.a. Verfahrenskenngrossen, Verfahrensvarianten, Werkzeugfertigung sowie Maschinen und Anlagensteuerung in besonderen Kapiteln behandelt. Fur die betrachteten Verfahrensvarianten werden typische Prozesslosungen und Versagensfalle mit zugehorigen Simulationsergebnissen diskutiert. Schliesslich wird die Bedeutung der FEM-Simulation fur die Prozessoptimierung dargestellt. Ein einfuhrender historischer Abriss und Betrachtungen zum Anwenderpotential sowie abschliessende Planungsbeispiele und Wirtschaftlichkeitsbetrachtungen runden den Inhalt des Buches ab. Angefugt sind Symbol- und Stichwortverzeichnis sowie ein Literaturverzeichnis."

In recent years there has been a tremendous upsurge of interest in manufac turing systems design and analysis. Large industrial companies have realized that their manufacturing facilities can be a source of tremendous opportunity if managed well or a huge corporate liability if managed poorly. In particular industrial managers have realized the potential of well designed and installed production planning and control systems. Manufacturing, in an environment of short product life cycles and increasing product diversity, looks to tech niques such as manufacturing resource planning, Just In Time (lIT) and total quality control among others to meet the challenge. Customers are demanding high quality products and very fast turn around on orders. Manufacturing personnel are aware of the lead time from receipt of order to delivery of completed orders at the customer's premises. It is clear that this production lead time is, for the majority of manufacturing firms, greatly in excess of the actual processing or manufacturing time. There are many reasons for this, among them poor coordination between the sales and manufacturing function. Some are within the control of the manufacturing function. Others are not."

This book provides a convenient, single source of information on advanced machining, material forming, and joining processes. It describes available technologies that use tools, such as high velocity material jets, pulsed magnetic fields, light beams, electrochemical reactions, and more. Organized by type of process (mechanical, chemical, electrochemical, and thermal), the book discusses 31 important nontraditional processes and covers each process's principles, equipment, capabilities, and operating parameters. The author includes a list of nontraditional manufacturing firms, nearly 250 figures that clearly illustrate the technologies, and numerous bibliographic citations for additional reading.

In the 1980's sonochemistry was considered to be a rather restricted branch of chemistry involving the ways in which ultrasound could improve synthetic procedures, predominantly in heterogeneous systems and particularly for organometallic reactions. Within a few years the subject began to expand into other disciplines including food technology, environmental protection and the extraction of natural materials. Scientific interest grew and led to the formation of the European Society of Sonochemistry in 1990 and the launch of a new journal Ultrasonics Sonochemistry in 1994. The subject continues to develop as an exciting and multi-disciplinary science with the participation of not only chemists but also physicists, engineers and biologists. The resulting cross-fertilisation of ideas has led to the rapid growth of interdisciplinary research and provided an ideal way for young researchers to expand their knowledge and appreciation of the ways in which different sciences can interact. It expands scientific knowledge through an opening of the closed doors that sometimes restrict the more specialist sciences. The journey of exploration in sonochemistry and its expansion into new fields of science and engineering is recounted in "Sonochemistry Evolution and Expansion" written by two pioneers in the field. It is unlike other texts about sonochemistry in that it follows the chronological developments in several very different applications of sonochemistry through the research experiences of the two authors Tim Mason and Mircea Vinatoru. Designed for chemists and chemical engineers Written by two experts and practitioners in the subject Volume 1 covers the historical background and evolution of sonochemistry Volume 2 explains the wider applications and expansion of the subject VOLUME 2 Applications and Developments Volume 2 contains six chapters which detail the developments of sonochemistry in fields which continue to attract considerable research and development interest from academia and industry. The topics range from the important developments in chemical synthesis through food technology and materials processing to therapeutic ultrasound. The authors have made contributions to all of these and so the content is written in a way which should be understandable to readers whose expertise may not necessarily be in the individual topic. Each of the applications and developments described help to illustrate not only the diverse nature of sonochemistry but also the unifying theme of the effects of acoustic cavitation on a wide range of procedures.

The Studies in the History and Culture of the Islamic Orient (STIO) is the series of "Supplements" to the journal Der Islam. Both are published by the Section for the History and Culture of the Near East in the Asian-African Institute of the University of Hamburg. The Section was established in 1908, before the foundation of the University of Hamburg. Under its first Director, C.H. Becker, it was the first academic centre in Germany in which teaching and research concentrated on the historical and cultural aspects of the Islamic world, and not just on philological issues. Many of Germany's leading authorities in Islamic Studies have studied and/or taught here. The "Supplements" have maintained the same high quality and met the same high demands as the journal Der Islam and have published numerous studies on the history and culture of the Islamic world which have represented milestones in their relevant fields. The "New Series" of Supplements appearing since 2004 carries this tradition forward and provides a platform for publishing studies on the history and culture of the Islamic world from the beginnings of Islam up to the present day. Series closed with vol. 27. Resumption with vol. 28 under the title "Studies in the History and Culture of the Middle East (SME)". "

Mit der Globalisierung ruckt die Logistik als Wettbewerbsfaktor fur Produktionsunternehmen zunehmend in den Vordergrund. In dem Band wird erstmals ein ganzheitlicher, sozio-technischer Ansatz fur das Auftragsmanagement in der industriellen Produktion vorgestellt, der die Wechselwirkungen zwischen Systemfunktionen, Nutzern und der Organisation berucksichtigt. Unter Einbeziehung dieser Aspekte wird die Gestaltung und Einfuhrung eines Auftragsmanagement-Systems nachvollziehbar beschrieben und durch zahlreiche Bilder und Praxisbeispiele veranschaulicht."

The first edition of this book appeared in 1983, and provided the first easily-accessible account of the state of biotechnology at a level suitable for advanced undergraduates and postgraduates. In this new edition, specialists in biotechnology at the University of Surrey have again collaborated with industrial experts to provide authoritative interdisciplinary coverage of an ever-expanding field. The revision of the text reflects the rapid advances made in many of the fields which go to make up biotechnology-ranging from the molecular to the process plant level. Biotechnology is an applied science, and this book relates theory to application by placing the basic advances in the context of commercial applicability and process optimization. For those wishing to explore the literature further, references to up-to-date reviews and original research publications are provided. Special thanks are due not only to the contributors, but to all those who have helped in the planning of this book. AW v Background to authors C. Bucke is Principal Lecturer in the School of Biotechnology, Polytechnic of Central London, and was previously Programme Manager Biotechnology at Tate & Lyle Group Research and Development. His research interests include the production and use of immobilized biocatalysts, the use of enzymes in the synthesis of novel bisaccharides and polysaccharides and the use of enzymes in extreme environments. He is Scientific Co-ordinator of the Institute for Biotechnological Studies, Department of Trade and Industry 'Extended use of Biocatalysts' Programme.

Focusing on mechanical-based advanced manufacturing process technologies for materials, Innovations in Manufacturing provides an in-depth understanding of fundamentals on a wide range of state-of-the-art materials manufacturing processes for upper undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers in materials and mechanical engineering. Developed by editors who are known for their solid, coherent presentations, the text covers a wide array of modern manufacturing topics, including advanced, emerging and innovative manufacturing process technologies such as laser-assisted manufacturing, rapid prototyping, thermal-assisted manufacturing, electromagnetic force forming, particulate-based manufacturing, micro-manufacturing, nano-manufacturing, and electronics manufacturing.

Ganz in der Tradition des bewahrten OEHLER/KAISER steht dieses aktuelle Werk, das praxisbezogen die neuesten Entwicklungen der Schneidtechnik darstellt.
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Batch manufactcring is a dominant manufacturing activity in the world, generating a great deal of industrial output. In the coming years, we are going to witness an era of mass customization of products. The major problems in batch manufacturing are a high level of product variety and small manufacturing lot sizes. The product variations present design engineers with the problem of designing many different parts. The decisions made in the design stage significantly affect manufacturing cost, quality and delivery lead times. The impacts of these product variations in manufacturing are high investment in equipment, high tooling costs, complex scheduling and loading, lengthy setup time and costs, excessive scrap and high quality control costs. However, to compete in a global market, it is essential to improve the productivity in small batch manufacturing industries. For this purpose, some innovative methods are needed to reduce product cost, lead time and enhance product quality to help increase market share and profitability. What is also needed is a higher level of integration of the design and manufacturing activities in a company. Group technology provides such a link between design and manufacturing. The adoption of group technology concepts, which allow for small batch production to gain economic advantages similar to mass production while retaining the flexibility of job shop methods, will help address some of the problems.

Advances in Manufacturing and Processing of Materials and Structures cover the latest advances in materials and structures in manufacturing and processing including additive and subtractive processes. It's intended to provide a compiled resource that reviews details of the advances that have been made in recent years in manufacturing and processing of materials and structures. A key development incorporated within this book is 3D printing, which is being used to produce complex parts including composites with odd shape fibers, as well as tissue and body organs. This book has been tailored for engineers, scientists and practitioners in different fields such as aerospace, mechanical engineering, materials science and biomedicine. Biomimetic principles have also been integrated. Features Provides the latest state-of-the art on different manufacturing processes, including a biomimetics viewpoint Offers broad coverage of advances in materials and manufacturing Written by chapter authors who are world-class researchers in their respective fields Provides in-depth presentation of the latest 3D and 4D technologies related to various manufacturing disciplines Provides substantial references in each chapter to enhance further study

Auf dem Gebiet der Ventilatoren ist in jiingster Zeit ein unerwarte- ter Aufschwung eingetreten, der auf die Losung verschiedener stro- mungstechnischer Probleme zuriickzufiihren ist. Die Entwicklung war so rasch, daB plotzlich ein Wirkungsgrad von 90% bei kleiner Bauart er- reieht wurde. Infolgedessen gewann die bis dahin stiefmiitterlich be- handelte Maschinengruppe ganz erheblich an Interesse, was auch durch Dbersetzungen des Buches in mehrere fremde Sprachen zum Ausdruek gekommen ist. Es diirfte nunmehr der geeignete Zeitpunkt sein, das Gesamtgebiet in straffer Form neu darzustellen. Ieh habe vieles umgearbeitet, man- ehes Entbehrliche gestrichen und zahlenmaBige Ergebnisse neuer Ver- suche fUr den Praktiker aufgenommen. Bei Kleinstgeblasen und Quer- stromgeblasen sind wesentliche Erweiterungen erfolgt. Die wichtigen physikalischen GesetzmaBigkeiten wurden ausfiihrlicher gebraeht, die bisherigen Berechnungsverfahren ergiinzt. So erga b sieh eine weit- gehende Neubearbeitung. Mein Manuskript wurde von Prof. Dipl.-Ing. habil. M. PECORNIK (V orstand des Lehrstuhles fUr Stromungslehre und hydraulische Ma- sehinen u. Schiffsbaufalmltat in Rijeka, Universitat Zagreb) sehr ein- gehend durehgesehen. Er hat verschiedene Umstellungen vorgenommen und die Bezeichnungen der vielen Abbildungen systematisch nach den neuesten Vorschriften vereinheitlicht. Dariiber hinaus verdanke ich Prof. PECORNIK viele weitere Ratschlage und Erganzungen sowie seine Hilfe bei der Korrektur, die er mit groBer Umsicht durchfiihrte. Das Kapitel Sehallerzeugung und Schalldampfung wurde wieder von den bekannten Fachleuten Oberingenieur REGENSCHEIT und Dipl.- Ing. GoEHLICH nahezu vollig neu bearbeitet, wofUr ieh ihnen besonders danken mochte.

Factories, with their ingenious machinery and miraculous productivity, are celebrated as modern wonders of the world. Yet from William Blake's "dark Satanic mills" they have also fuelled our fears of the future. Telling the story of the factory, Joshua B. Freeman takes readers from the textile mills in England that powered the Industrial Revolution to the steel and car plants of twentieth-century America, Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, to today's behemoths making trainers, toys and iPhones in China and Vietnam. He traces arguments about factories and social progress through such critics and champions as Marx, Ford and Stalin. And he explores the representation of factories in the work of Margaret Bourke-White, Charlie Chaplin and Diego Rivera.

Geared to young and seasoned professionals alike, Process Operations: Lessons Learned in a Nontechnical Language is designed to present a straightforward approach to mastering the principles and concepts all process engineers should be able to apply without the need of a computer. While simulations and models are useful for examining long-term operational issues, they cannot replace the dimension of human logic and reason required when tackling the array of complex-and sometimes life-threatening-situations that occur in process plants. Using experiences from the author's more than 57-year career in the process industry, Process Operations: Lessons Learned in Nontechnical Language provides approaches to understanding core process concepts in ways that will equip the engineer to walk out of an office into a plant and directly resolve process deficiencies via small operational changes or simple retrofits.

Die UEberarbeitung der 2. Auflage umfasst die Investitionsrechenverfahren, die Standortplanung im Produktionsnetzwerk, die energieeffiziente Fabrikplanung, Methoden der Produktionsstrukturplanung, die Unterstutzung des Projektmanagements mit Handhelp-Systemen sowie das Methoden-Management. Neue Planungsbeispiele, wie bspw. die Einrichtung eines montagenahen Supermarktes oder eines Produktionslogistikkonzeptes, verstarken den Anwendungsbezug. Planer und Entscheider erhalten einen Leitfaden fur die Neu-, Erweiterungs- oder Rationalisierungsplanung. Der ganzheitliche Ansatz umfasst dabei die gesamte Planungstiefe, von der Strategie- uber die Struktur- und Systemplanung bis hin zur Ausfuhrungsplanung und Inbetriebnahme. Ebenso wird die gesamte Planungsbreite uber alle Funktionssysteme und Gewerke, wie z.B. Fertigung und Montage, Lagerung und innerbetrieblicher Transport, Organisation, Gebaude und Infrastruktur mit ihren Abhangigkeiten behandelt. Grundsatzlich erfordert die Fabrikplanung als komplexe Aufgabenstellung ein zielgerichtetes und strukturiertes Vorgehen, Konzentration auf das Wesentliche und Wahl der richtigen Methoden und Instrumente, sollen Fehlinvestitionen vermieden werden.