Functionalized Nanomaterial-Based Electrochemical Sensors: Principles, Fabrication Methods, and Applications provides a comprehensive overview of materials, functionalized interfaces, fabrication strategies and application areas. Special attention is given to the remaining challenges and opportunities for commercial realization of functionalized nanomaterial-based electrochemical sensors. An assortment of nanomaterials has been investigated for their incorporation into electrochemical sensors. For example, carbon- based nanomaterials (carbon nanotube, graphene and carbon fiber), noble metals (Au, Ag and Pt), polymers (nafion, polypyrrole) and non-noble metal oxides (Fe2O3, NiO, and Co3O4). The most relevant materials are discussed in the book with an emphasis on their evaluation of their realization in commercial applications. Application areas touched on include the environment, food and medicine industries. Health, safety and regulation considerations are touched on, along with economic and commercialization trends.

The study of electromagnetic fields in the treatment of various diseases is not a new one; however, we are still learning how magnetic fields impact the human body and its organs. Many novel magnetic materials and technologies could potentially transform medicine. Magnetic Materials and Technologies for Medical Applications explores these current and emerging technologies. Beginning with foundational knowledge on the basics of magnetism, this book then details the approaches and methods used in the creation of novel magnetic materials and devices. This book also discusses current technologies and applications, as well as the commercial aspects of introducing new technologies to the field. This book serves as an excellent introduction for early career researchers or a reference to more experienced researchers who wish to stay abreast of current trends and developing technologies in the field. This book could also be used by clinicians working in medicine and companies interested in establishing new medical technologies. Each chapter provides novel tasks for future scientific and technology research studies.

Metal Oxide-based Nanofibers and their Applications provides an in-depth overview on developments surrounding the synthesis, characterization properties, and applications achieved by scientific leaders in the area. Sections deal with the theoretical and experimental aspects of the synthesis and methodologies to control microstructure, composition and shape of the nanofibrous metal oxides, review the applications of metal oxide nanofibers in diverse technologies, with special focus on the relation between the structural, morphological and compositional features of the nanofibers, cover applications of metal oxide nanofibers in the fields of sensing (biosensing, gas sensing), and consider biomedical and cleaning technologies. Lastly, a final section covers their application in energy generation and storage technologies (e. g. piezoelectric, solar cells, solid oxide fuel cells, lithium-ion batteries, supercapacitors, and hydrogen storage are reviewed.

Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (TADF-OLEDs) comprehensively introduces the history of TADF, along with a review of fundamental concepts. Then, TADF emitters with different colors, such as blue, green, red and NIR as well as white OLEDs are discussed in detail. Other sections cover exciplex-type TADF materials, emerging application of TADF emitters as a host in OLEDs, and applications of TADF materials in organic lasers and biosensing.

Functional Materials Processing for Switchable Device Modulation focuses on the advances of nanofabrication that underpin emerging technologies, including electronic devices. The book provides readers with a broad view of the materials' perspectives, including historical context and background, along with future opportunities for smart electronic and switchable devices. A major focus in the book is on the research and development of synthetic materials for spectroscopic analysis which broadly deals with science and technology of materials on the atomic and molecular scale. The book reviews the materials and advances in research for switchable electronics for bioelectronic, sensing and optoelectronic applications. In addition, key challenges and emerging opportunities in innovations in surface modification and novel functional materials device implementation for industrial scale reproducibility are discussed. The book covers the applications and market potential for a variety of media, including mirrors, glazing/coatings, and display products. The physics, electrochemistry, device design and materials are detailed, with performance compared between the most relevant and emerging switchable technologies.

In its second, extensively revised second edition, Semiconducting Silicon Nanowires for Biomedical Applications reviews the fabrication, properties, and biomedical applications of this key material. The book begins by reviewing the basics of growth, characterization, biocompatibility, and surface modification of semiconducting silicon nanowires. Attention then turns to use of these structures for tissue engineering and delivery applications, followed by detection and sensing. Reflecting the evolution of this multidisciplinary subject, several new key topics are highlighted, including our understanding of the cell-nanowire interface, latest advances in associated morphologies (including silicon nanoneedles and nanotubes for therapeutic delivery), and significantly, the status of silicon nanowire commercialization in biotechnology. Semiconducting Silicon Nanowires for Biomedical Applications is a comprehensive resource for biomaterials scientists who are focused on biosensors, drug delivery, and the next generation of nano-biotech platforms that require a detailed understanding of the cell-nanowire interface, along with researchers and developers in industry and academia who are concerned with nanoscale biomaterials, in particular electronically-responsive structures.

Discover the most recent advances in electromagnetic vortices In Electromagnetic Vortices: Wave Phenomena and Engineering Applications, a team of distinguished researchers delivers a cutting-edge treatment of electromagnetic vortex waves, including their theoretical foundation, related wave properties, and several potentially transformative applications. The book is divided into three parts. The editors first include resources that describe the generation, sorting, and manipulation of vortex waves, as well as descriptions of interesting wave behavior in the infrared and optical regimes with custom-designed nanostructures. They then discuss the generation, multiplexing, and propagation of vortex waves at the microwave and millimeter-wave frequencies. Finally, the selected contributions discuss several representative practical applications of vortex waves from a system perspective. With coverage that incorporates demonstration examples from a wide range of related sub-areas, this essential edited volume also offers: Thorough introductions to the generation of optical vortex beams and transformation optical vortex wave synthesizers Comprehensive explorations of millimeter-wave metasurfaces for high-capacity and broadband generation of vector vortex beams, as well as orbital angular momentum (OAM) detection and its observation in second harmonic generations Practical discussions of microwave SPP circuits and coding metasurfaces for vortex beam generation and OAM-based structured radio beams and their applications In-depth examinations and explorations of OAM multiplexing for wireless communications, wireless power transmission, as well as quantum communications and simulations Perfect for students of wireless communications, antenna/RF design, optical communications, and nanophotonics, Electromagnetic Vortices: Wave Phenomena and Engineering Applications is also an indispensable resource for researchers in academia, at large defense contractors, and in government labs.

Polymer-Based Advanced Functional Composites for Optoelectronic and Energy Applications explains how polymer-based smart composites and nanocomposites can be prepared and utilized for novel optical, sensor and energy-related applications. The book begins with an introductory section on the fundamentals of smart polymer composites, including structure-property relationships and conjugated polymers. Other sections examine optical applications, including the use of polymer-based smart composites for luminescent solar concentrators, electro-chromic applications, light conversion applications, ultraviolet shielding applications, LED encapsulation applications, sensor applications, including gas-sensing, strain sensing, robotics and tactile sensors, with final sections covering energy-related applications, including energy harvesting, conversion, storage, vibrational energy harvesting, and more. This is an essential guide for researchers, scientists and advanced students in smart polymers and materials, polymer science, composites, nanocomposites, electronics and materials science. It is also a valuable book for scientists, R&D professionals and engineers working with products that could utilize smart polymer composites.

Magnetic skyrmions are particle-like objects described by localized solutions of non-linear partial differential equations. Up until a few decades ago, it was believed that magnetic skyrmions only existed in condensed matter as short-term excitations that would quickly collapse into linear singularities. The contrary was proven theoretically in 1989 and evidentially in 2009. It is now known that skyrmions can exist as long-living metastable configurations in low-symmetry condensed matter systems with broken mirror symmetry, increasing the potential applications possible. Magnetic Skyrmions and their Applications delves into the fundamental principles and most recent research and developments surrounding these unique magnetic particles. Despite achievements in the synthesis of systems stabilizing chiral magnetic skyrmions and the variety of experimental investigations and numerical calculations, there have not been many summaries of the fundamental physical principles governing magnetic skyrmions or integrating those concepts with methods of detection, characterization and potential applications. Magnetic Skyrmions and their Applications delivers a coherent, state-of-the-art discussion on the current knowledge and potential applications of magnetic skyrmions in magnetic materials and device applications. First the book reviews key concepts such as topology, magnetism and materials for magnetic skyrmions. Then, charactization methods, physical mechanisms, and emerging applications are discussed.

Metal oxide nanomaterials exhibit interesting electrical and photochemical properties because of their size, stability, and high surface area that render them as great choices in fabricating alternative electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage and sensor applications. The hybridization of metal oxides with other materials lead to the improvement in electrical conductivity, stability, and electron transfer kinetics during the electrocatalytic reactions. These key factors result in greater sensitivity of the sensor materials towards the analyte molecules. This book reviews the electrochemical determination of a variety of toxic chemical contaminants using metal oxide-based nanocomposite materials. Ultrasensitive and selective detection of toxic chemical contaminants is important and demanding, especially for monitoring and controlling environmental pollution. In recent years, metal oxide-based nanocomposite materials have shown high potential in the electrochemical detection of heavy metals, inorganic anions, phenolic compounds, pesticides, and chemical warfare reagents. Metal Oxides in Nanocomposite-Based Electrochemical Sensors for Toxic Chemicals comprehensively reviews this topic. In addition to the instrumental simplicity, the electrochemical methods show the improved sensor performance through the synergetic effect of metal oxide and other electroactive nanomaterial present in the nanocomposite. Thus, detailed information on the electrochemical sensing of toxic chemical contaminants using metal oxide-based nanomaterials are discussed. The recent progress in developing electrochemical sensors using metal oxide-based nanocomposite materials and perspectives on future opportunities in sensor research and development are addressed in the book.

For a first-year graduate-level course on nonlinear systems. It may also be used for self-study or reference by engineers and applied mathematicians. The text is written to build the level of mathematical sophistication from chapter to chapter. It has been reorganized into four parts: Basic analysis, Analysis of feedback systems, Advanced analysis, and Nonlinear feedback control.

Voltage Stability in Electrical Power Systems Explore critical topics and the latest research in voltage stability in electric power systems In Voltage Stability in Electrical Power Systems: Concepts, Assessment, and Methods for Improvement, three distinguished electrical engineers deliver a comprehensive discussion of voltage stability analysis in electrical power systems. The book discusses the concept of voltage stability, effective factors and devices, and suitable system modeling, offering readers an authoritative overview of the subject and strategies to prevent instability in power systems. The authors explore critical topics such as load and load tap changer (LTC) transformer modeling and the impact of distributed generation and transmission-distribution interactions on voltage stability. They also present practical methods to improve voltage stability. Readers will also find: Thorough introductions to voltage stability, effective factors and devices, and suitable systems modeling Comprehensive explorations of voltage stability assessment methods, including the continuation power flow methods and PV-curve fitting In-depth explorations of methods of improving voltage stability, including preventive and corrective methods Fulsome presentations of measurement-based indices and model-based indices of stability assessment Perfect for engineers and other professionals designing electric power systems, Voltage Stability in Electrical Power Systems: Concepts, Assessment, and Methods for Improvement will also earn a place in the libraries of graduate and senior undergraduate students with an interest in power systems.

SECURITY AND PRIVACY IN THE INTERNET OF THINGS Provides the authoritative and up-to-date information required for securing IoT architecture and applications The vast amount of data generated by the Internet of Things (IoT) has made information and cyber security vital for not only personal privacy, but also for the sustainability of the IoT itself. Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things brings together high-quality research on IoT security models, architectures, techniques, and application domains. This concise yet comprehensive volume explores state-of-the-art mitigations in IoT security while addressing important security and privacy challenges across different IoT layers. The book provides timely coverage of IoT architecture, security technologies and mechanisms, and applications. The authors outline emerging trends in IoT security and privacy with a focus on areas such as smart environments and e-health. Topics include authentication and access control, attack detection and prevention, securing IoT through traffic modeling, human aspects in IoT security, and IoT hardware security. Presenting the current body of knowledge in a single volume, Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things: Discusses a broad range of IoT attacks and defense mechanisms Examines IoT security and privacy protocols and approaches Covers both the logical and physical security of IoT devices Addresses IoT security through network traffic modeling Describes privacy preserving techniques in smart cities Explores current threat and vulnerability analyses Security and Privacy in the Internet of Things: Architectures, Techniques, and Applications is essential reading for researchers, industry practitioners, and students involved in IoT security development and IoT systems deployment.

Advances in Semiconductor Technologies Discover the broad sweep of semiconductor technologies in this uniquely curated resource Semiconductor technologies and innovations have been the backbone of numerous different fields: electronics, online commerce, the information and communication industry, and the defense industry. For over fifty years, silicon technology and CMOS scaling have been the central focus and primary driver of innovation in the semiconductor industry. Traditional CMOS scaling has approached some fundamental limits, and as a result, the pace of scientific research and discovery for novel semiconductor technologies is increasing with a focus on novel materials, devices, designs, architectures, and computer paradigms. In particular, new computing paradigms and systems--such as quantum computing, artificial intelligence, and Internet of Things--have the potential to unlock unprecedented power and application space. Advances in Semiconductor Technologies provides a comprehensive overview of selected semiconductor technologies and the most up-to-date research topics, looking in particular at mainstream developments in current industry research and development, from emerging materials and devices, to new computing paradigms and applications. This full-coverage volume gives the reader valuable insights into state-of-the-art advances currently being fabricated, a wide range of novel applications currently under investigation, and a glance into the future with emerging technologies in development. Advances in Semiconductor Technologies readers will also find: A comprehensive approach that ensures a thorough understanding of state-of-the-art technologies currently being fabricated Treatments on all aspects of semiconductor technologies, including materials, devices, manufacturing, modeling, design, architecture, and applications Articles written by an impressive team of international academics and industry insiders that provide unique insights into a wide range of topics Advances in Semiconductor Technologies is a useful, time-saving reference for electrical engineers working in industry and research, who are looking to stay abreast of rapidly advancing developments in semiconductor electronics, as well as academics in the field and government policy advisors.

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Terahertz Biomedical and Healthcare Technologies: Materials to Devices reviews emerging advances in terahertz biomedical and healthcare technologies, including advances in fundamental materials science research, device design and fabrication, applications, and challenges and opportunities for improved performance. In addition, the improvement of materials, optical elements, and measuring techniques are also explored. Other sections cover the design and development of wide bandgap semiconductors for terahertz device applications, including their physics, device modeling, characterization and fabrication concepts. Finally, the book touches on potential defense, medical imaging, internet of things, and the machine learning applications of terahertz technologies.

Nanobiotechnology for Bioremediation: Fundamentals and Mechanisms provides detailed information on nanomaterial applications for the bioremediation of a heavily contaminated environment. Relevant information is provided on the application of nanofibers, nanoscale zero-valent iron (nZVI), nanocomposites, carbon nanotubes for rejuvenation of a heavy environment from different pollutants, such as heavy metals, chlorinated compounds, organic compounds, polyaromatic hydrocarbon, and hydrocarbons. The book also explores the application of nanomaterials as a sustainable green solution that help prevent various high levels of contamination in the environment. Each chapter addresses the application of nanomaterials as a sustainable tool for managing innumerable environmental challenges. This helps readers translate their research findings into sustainable innovations to resolve their immediate environmental challenges.

As a society today, we are so dependent on systems-of-systems that any malfunction has devastating consequences, both human and financial. Their technical design, functional complexity and numerous interfaces justify a significant investment in testing in order to limit anomalies and malfunctions. Based on more than 40 years of practice in the development and testing of systems, including safety-critical systems, this book discusses development models, testing methodologies and techniques, and identifies their advantages and disadvantages. Pragmatic and clear, this book displays many examples and references that will help you improve the quality of your systemsof-systems efficiently and effectively and lead you to identify the impact of upstream decisions and their consequences. Advanced Testing of Systems-of-Systems 1 is complemented by a second volume dealing with the practical implementation and use of the techniques and methodologies proposed here.

Polymers in Organic Electronics: Polymer Selection for Electronic, Mechatronic, and Optoelectronic Systems provides readers with vital data, guidelines, and techniques for optimally designing organic electronic systems using novel polymers. The book classifies polymer families, types, complexes, composites, nanocomposites, compounds, and small molecules while also providing an introduction to the fundamental principles of polymers and electronics. Features information on concepts and optimized types of electronics and a classification system of electronic polymers, including piezoelectric and pyroelectric, optoelectronic, mechatronic, organic electronic complexes, and more. The book is designed to help readers select the optimized material for structuring their organic electronic system. Chapters discuss the most common properties of electronic polymers, methods of optimization, and polymeric-structured printed circuit boards. The polymeric structures of optoelectronics and photonics are covered and the book concludes with a chapter emphasizing the importance of polymeric structures for packaging of electronic devices.

PROCESSING OF CERAMICS A firsthand account of the "transparent ceramics revolution" from one of the pioneers in the field Processing of Ceramics: Breakthroughs in Optical Materials is an in-depth survey of the breakthrough research and development of transparent ceramics, covering historical background, theory, manufacturing processes, and applications. Written by an internationally-recognized leader in the technology, this authoritative volume describes advances in optical grade ceramics over the past three decades--from the author's first demonstration of laser ceramics in Japan in 1991 to new applications of transparent ceramics such as ceramic jewels, wireless heating elements, and mobile device displays. The author provides numerous development examples of laser ceramics, crystal and ceramic scintillators, magneto-optic transparent ceramics, optical ceramic phosphors for solid state lighting, and more. Detailed chapters cover topics such as the technical problems of conventional translucent and transparent ceramics, the characteristics of scintillation materials, single crystal and ceramic scintillator fabrication and optimization, and solid-state crystal growth (SSCG) methods for single crystal ceramics. Processing of Ceramics: Outlines the author's 30 years of work in the area of transparent ceramics Provides a detailed history of the world's first ceramic laser development Demonstrates how laser oscillation using ceramic materials match or surpass high-quality single crystals Describes how innovative polycrystalline ceramics have transformed optical material development Includes extensive references, chapter introductions and summaries, and numerous graphs, tables, diagrams, and color images Processing of Ceramics is an invaluable resource for researchers, materials scientists, engineers, and other professionals across academic and industrial fields involved in the development and application of optical grade ceramics.

Cerium Oxide (CeO2): Synthesis, Properties and Applications provides an updated and comprehensive account of the research in the field of cerium oxide based materials. The book is divided into three main blocks that deal with its properties, synthesis and applications. Special attention is devoted to the growing number of applications of ceria based materials, including their usage in industrial and environmental catalysis and photocatalysis, energy production and storage, sensors, cosmetics, radioprotection, glass technology, pigments, stainless steel and toxicology. A brief historical introduction gives users background, and a final chapter addresses future perspectives and outlooks to stimulate future research. The book is intended for a wide audience, including students, academics and industrial researchers working in materials science, chemistry and physics.

Gallium Oxide: Technology, Devices and Applications discusses the wide bandgap semiconductor and its promising applications in power electronics, solar blind UV detectors, and in extreme environment electronics. It also covers the fundamental science of gallium oxide, providing an in-depth look at the most relevant properties of this materials system. High quality bulk Ga2O3 is now commercially available from several sources and n-type epi structures are also coming onto the market. As researchers are focused on creating new complex structures, the book addresses the latest processing and synthesis methods. Chapters are designed to give readers a complete picture of the Ga2O3 field and the area of devices based on Ga2O3, from their theoretical simulation, to fabrication and application.

Bioelectromagnetics in Healthcare: Advanced sensing and communication applications is a collection of twelve invited chapters from international experts from the UK, Japan, Switzerland, and the United States of America. The book forms a cohesive architecture that covers the state-of-the-art in terms of sensing and communications with relevance to bioelectromagnetics in healthcare. The book provides a valuable insight into the current and future possibilities where electromagnetics engineers will need to keep improving radiofrequency device performance in terms of better efficiency, greater sensitivity, reduced unintended power absorption by the body, smaller size, and lower power consumption. Topics covered include dielectric measurements, dosimetry for bioelectromagnetics, phantom recipes for implanted and wearable antenna applications, antennas for implants, electromagnetic coupling in biological media, electromagnetic resonators and metamaterials-based structures for chemical and biological sensing in body-centric wireless applications, bone fracture monitoring using implanted antennas, wearable antennas for sensing, epidermal and conformal electronics, radar for healthcare technology, therapeutic applications of electromagnetic waves, and optoelectronic sensing of physiological monitoring. The book is aimed at electromagnetics engineers and advanced students in electromagnetics working on healthcare and medical applications.

Novel Magnetic Nanostructures: Unique Properties and Applications reviews the synthesis, design, characterization and unique properties of emerging nanostructured magnetic materials. It discusses the most promising and relevant applications, including data storage, spintronics and biomedical applications. Properties investigated include electronic, self-assembling, multifunctional, and magnetic properties, along with magnetic phenomena. Structures range from magnetic nanoclusters, nanoparticles, and nanowires, to multilayers and self-assembling nanosystems. This book provides a better understanding of the static and dynamic magnetism in new nanostructures for important applications.