This collection of essays centers on literary representations of meat-eating, bringing aesthetic questions into dialogue with more established research on the ethics and politics of meat. From the decline of traditional animal husbandry to the emergence of intensive agriculture and the biotechnological innovation of in vitro meat, the last hundred years have seen dramatic changes in meat production. Meat consumption has risen substantially, inciting the emergence of new forms of political subjectivity, such as the radical rejection of meat production in veganism. Featuring essays on both canonical and lesser-known authors, Literature and Meat Since 1900 illustrates the ways in which our meat regime is shaped, reproduced and challenged as much by cultural and imaginative factors as by political contestation and moral reasoning.

This book explores why animals, at some point, disappeared from the realm and scope of sociology. The role of sociology in the construction of a science of the 'human' has been substantial, building representations of the human sphere of life as unique. Within the sociological tradition however, animals have often been invisible, even non-existent. Through in-depth comparisons of the texts of prominent early sociologists Emile Durkheim and Edward Westermarck, Tuomivaara shows that despite this exclusion, representations of animals and human-animal relations were far more varied in early works than in the later sociological cannon. Addressing a significant gap in the interdisciplinary field of animal studies, Tuomivaara presents a close reading of the historical treatment of animals in the works of Durkheim and Westermarck to determine how the human-animal boundary was established in sociological theory. The diverse forms in which animals and 'the animal' appear in the works of early classical sociology are charted and explored, alongside the sociological themes that bring animals into these texts. Situated in contemporary theory, from critical animal studies to posthumanism, this important book lays the groundwork for a disciplinary shift away from this sharp human-animal dualism.

This open access book contains 13 contributions on global animal law, preceded by an introduction which explains key concepts and methods. Global Animal Law refers to the sum of legal rules and principles (both state-made and non-state-made) governing the interaction between humans and other animals, on a domestic, local, regional, and international level. Global animal law is the response to the mismatch between almost exclusively national animal-related legislation on the one hand, and the global dimension of the animal issue on the other hand. The chapters lay some historical foundations in the ius naturae et gentium, examine various aspects of how national and international law traditionally deals with animals as commodity; and finally suggest new legal concepts and protective strategies. The book shows numerous entry points for animal issues in international law and at the same time shifts the focus and scope of inquiry.

This open access book provides the first critical history of the controversy over whether to cull wild badgers to control the spread of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) in British cattle. This question has plagued several professional generations of politicians, policymakers, experts and campaigners since the early 1970s. Questions of what is known, who knows, who cares, who to trust and what to do about this complex problem have been the source of scientific, policy, and increasingly vociferous public debate ever since. This book integrates contemporary history, science and technology studies, human-animal relations, and policy research to conduct a cross-cutting analysis. It explores the worldviews of those involved with animal health, disease ecology and badger protection between the 1970s and 1990s, before reintegrating them to investigate the recent public polarisation of the controversy. Finally it asks how we might move beyond the current impasse.

This open access book provides both a broad perspective and a focused examination of cow care as a subject of widespread ethical concern in India, and increasingly in other parts of the world. In the face of what has persisted as a highly charged political issue over cow protection in India, intellectual space must be made to bring the wealth of Indian traditional ethical discourse to bear on the realities of current human-animal relationships, particularly those of humans with cows. Dharma, yoga, and bhakti paradigms serve as starting points for bringing Hindu-particularly Vaishnava Hindu-animal ethics into conversation with contemporary Western animal ethics. The author argues that a culture of bhakti-the inclusive, empathetic practice of spirituality centered in Krishna as the beloved cowherd of Vraja-can complement recently developed ethics-of-care thinking to create a solid basis for sustaining all kinds of cow care communities.

This book addresses how skeletons can inform us about behavior by describing skeletal lesions in the Gombe chimpanzees, relating them to known life histories whenever possible, and analyzing demographic patterns in the sample. This is of particular interest to both primatologists and skeletal analysts who have benefited from published data on a smaller, earlier skeletal sample from Gombe. The Gombe skeletal collection is the largest collection of wild chimpanzees with known life histories in existence, and this work significantly expands the skeletal sample from this long-term research site (49 chimpanzees). The book explores topics of general interest to skeletal analysts such as demographic patterns, which injuries leave signs on the skeleton, and rates of healing, and discusses both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the patterning of lesions. The book presents the data in a narrative style similar to that employed in Dr. Goodall's seminal work The Chimpanzees of Gombe. Readers already familiar with the Gombe chimpanzees are likely to appreciate summaries of life events correlated to observable skeletal features. The book is especially relevant at this time to remind primate conservationists of the importance of the isolated chimpanzee population at Gombe National Park as well as the availability of the skeletons for study, both within the park itself as well as at the University of Minnesota.

This book is devoted to the welfare of invertebrates, which make up 99% of animal species on earth. Addressing animal welfare, we do not often think of invertebrates; in fact we seldom consider them to be deserving of welfare evaluation. And yet we should. Welfare is a broad concern for any animal that we house, control or utilize - and we utilize invertebrates a lot. The Authors start with an emphasis on the values of non-vertebrate animals and discuss the need for a book on the present topic. The following chapters focus on specific taxa, tackling questions that are most appropriate to each one. What is pain in crustaceans, and how might we prevent it? How do we ensure that octopuses are not bored? What do bees need to thrive, pollinate our plants and give us honey? Since invertebrates have distinct personalities and some social animals have group personalities, how do we consider this? And, as in the European Union's application of welfare consideration to cephalopods, how do the practical regulatory issues play out? We have previously relegated invertebrates to the category 'things' and did not worry about their treatment. New research suggest that some invertebrates such as cephalopods and crustaceans can have pain and suffering, might also have consciousness and awareness. Also, good welfare is going to mean different things to spiders, bees, corals, etc. This book is taking animal welfare in a very different direction. Academics and students of animal welfare science, those who keep invertebrates for scientific research or in service to the goals of humans, as well as philosophers will find this work thought-provoking, instructive and informative.

Proteomics, like other post-genomics tools, has been growing at a rapid pace and has important applications in numerous fields of science. While its use in animal and veterinary sciences is still limited, there have been considerable advances in this field in recent years, in areas as diverse as physiology, nutrition and food of animal origin processing. This is mainly as a consequence of a wider availability and better understanding of proteomics methodologies by animal and veterinary researchers. This book provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art account of the status of farm-animal proteomics research, focusing on the principles behind proteomics methodologies and its specific applications and offering clear example.

Clostridial Diseases of Animals is the first book to focus on clostridial diseases in domestic and wild animals, offering a comprehensive reference on these common diseases. * Provides a single resource for all aspects of clostridial diseases * Presents current, comprehensive information with a focus on clinical relevance * Covers each disease in depth, including etiology, epidemiology, clinics, gross pathology, histopathology, diagnostics, diagnostic criteria, prophylaxis, control, and treatment * Written by the world-leading experts in the field of clostridial diseases in animals * Offers photographs and summary tables to support the concepts discussed in the text and aid in recognition

This volume includes chapters originally presented at the 3rd FELASA Symposium, held in Amsterdam, June 1-5, 1987. Special topics were "Immune Deficiency Syndromes in Man and Animals," "DNA Technology and Laboratory Animal Science," "Interactions of Behaviour, Housing and Welfare," and "Laboratory Animals as Models in Biomedical Research." In addition, there was a great number of presentations concerning other aspects of laboratory animal science. We would like to thank the following persons for organizing the Symposium. Mrs. M.A.G. Kuipers, M.Sc., President FELASA Mrs. V. Baumans, D.V.M., Ph.D., Secretary FELASA P. de Vrey, D.V.M., Treasurer Mrs. I. Zaalmink, Organizing and Scientific Secretariat. The editors would also like to express their gratitude to all the participants and authors for their contribution to this succesful symposium. A.C. Beynen, Ph.D., Secretary Scientific Committee H.A. Solleveld, Ph.D., Chairman Scientific Committee FELASA Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations Gesellschaft fUr Versuchstierkunde/Society for Laboratory Animal Science Laboratory Animal Science Association Nederlandse Vereniging voor Proefdierkunde Scandinavian Federation for Laboratory Animal Science Societe Fran9aise d'Experimentation Animale VII CONTENTS Contributors ....................................................... xiii OPENING ADDRESS: THE FUTURE OF LABORATORY ANIMAL USE R.J. Samsom ....................................................... .

While historiography is dominated by attempts that try to standardize and de-individualize the behavior of animals, history proves to be littered with records of the exceptional lives of unusual animals. This book introduces animal biography as an approach to the re-framing of animals as both objects of knowledge as well as subjects of individual lives. Taking an interdisciplinary perspective and bringing together scholars from, among others, literary, historical and cultural studies, the texts collected in this volume seek to refine animal biography as a research method and framework to studying, capturing, representing and acknowledging animal others as individuals. From Heini Hediger's biting monitor, Hachiko and Murr to celluloid ape Caesar and the mourning of Topsy's gruesome death, the authors discuss how animal biographies are discovered and explored through connections with humans that can be traced in archives, ethological fieldwork and novels, and probe the means of constructing animal biographies from taxidermy to film, literature and social media. Thus, they invite deeper conversations with socio-political and cultural contexts that allow animal biographies to provide narratives that reach beyond individual life stories, while experimenting with particular forms of animal biographies that might trigger animal activism and concerns for animal well-being, spur historical interest and enrich the literary imagination.

Situated at the intersection of animal studies and literary theory, this book explores the remarkable and subtly pervasive web of animal imagery, metaphors, and concepts in the work of the Jewish-Italian writer, chemist, and Holocaust survivor Primo Levi (1919-1987). Relatively unexamined by scholars, the complex and extensive animal imagery Levi employed in his literary works offers new insights into the aesthetical and ethical function of testimony, as well as an original perspective on contemporary debates surrounding human-animal relationships and posthumanism. The three main sections that compose the book mirror Levi's approach to non-human animals and animality: from an unquestionable bio-ethical origin ("Suffering"); through an investigation of the relationships between writing, technology, and animality ("Techne"); to a creative intellectual project in which literary animals both counterbalance the inevitable suffering of all creatures, and suggest a transformative image of interspecific community ("Creation").

This book explores how the ethical treatment and status of other-than-human animals influence pedagogy, teaching, and learning in general, aiming to fill what has been a gap in the philosophy of education. It examines key trends in this regard, including environmental education, humane education, posthumanist education, ecopedagogy, critical animal pedagogy, critical animal studies, animal standpoint theory, and vegan education. The book discusses animal minds and interests, and how animals have been accommodated in moral theory. Further, it investigates whether anti-racist and anti-sexist education logically entail anti-speciesist education and closes by proposing animal rights education as a viable and sound alternative, a pedagogy that does justice not only to animals in general and as species, but also to individual animals. If animal rights education is philosophically and educationally meaningful, then it can arguably offer a powerful pedagogical tool, and facilitate lasting pro-animal changes.

This book explores the religious language of Nonconformity used in ethical debates about animals. It uncovers a rich stream of innovative discourse from the Puritans of the seventeenth century, through the Clapham Sect and Evangelical Revival, to the nineteenth century debates about vivisection. This discourse contributed to law reform and the foundation of the RSPCA, and continues to flavour the way we talk about animal welfare and animal rights today. Shaped by the "nonconformist conscience", it has been largely overlooked. The more common perception is that Christian "dominion" authorises the human exploitation of animals, while Enlightenment humanism and Darwinian thought are seen as drawing humans and animals together in one "family". This book challenges that perception, and proposes an alternative perspective. Through exploring the shaping of animal advocacy discourses by Biblical themes of creation, fall and restoration, this book reveals the continuing importance of the nonconformist conscience as a source to enrich animal ethics today. It will appeal to the animal studies community, theologians and early modern historians.

This work brings together a wealth of data regarding the reference values and factors of variation in biochemical parameters used by camel veterinarians and scientists to determine these animals' nutritional and clinical status. It also explores several technical aspects involved in determining these parameters, sampling procedures, and essential elements in the interpretation of the results. Though many texts are available on small and large ruminants, much less is known about species confined to the marginal zones of tropical and Mediterranean countries, such as camels. This book addresses precisely this research gap, on the one hand by presenting an extensive review of the literature, and on the other by synthesizing the outcomes of the authors' numerous previous works. In veterinary medicine, blood tests to help diagnose diseases in cattle were first proposed nearly a century ago, but were mainly developed in the 1960s, initially at specialized research or veterinary services laboratories, and eventually, with the advent of new equipment and the miniaturization of the analyzers, finding their way into veterinarians' cabinets. Beyond their diagnostic value, veterinary surgeons and zootechnicians also speculated on the potential use of blood tests to evaluate animals' nutritional status. Thus, a whole range of analyses are now proposed to the stakeholders responsible for animal health. Such analyses could help to define a metabolic profile, which would offer a valuable decision-making tool for experts and researchers alike.

This book is the first comprehensive, in-depth English language study of the animals that were left behind in the exclusion zone in the wake of the nuclear meltdown of three of the four reactors at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station in March 2011, triggered by the Great East Japan Earthquake of magnitude 9.0.The Japanese government designated an area of 20-kilometer radius from the nuclear power station as an exclusion zone and evacuated one hundred thousand residents, but left companion animals and livestock animals behind in the radioactive area. Consequently, about 90 percent of the animals in the exclusion zone died. This book juxtaposes policies of the Japanese government toward the animals in Fukushima with the actions of grassroots volunteer animal rescue groups that filled the void of the government.

Eine umfassende Einfuhrung zur Rolle der Epidemiologie in der Veterinarmedizin. Die vollstandig uberarbeitete und erweiterte Ausgabe von Veterinary Epidemiology fuhrt den Leser in das Fachgebiet der Veterinarepidemiologie ein. Diese neue Auflage bietet auch neue Kapitel zur Konzeption von Beobachtungsstudien, Validitat von epidemiologischen Studien, zu systematischen Prufungen und zu statistischen Modellen. Die aktualisierte Auflage beginnt mit einem historischen Blick auf die Entwicklung der Veterinarmedizin. Im Anschluss wird die Fachrichtung Epidemiologie umfassend beleuchtet. Kapitel befassen sich mit den Aspekten Kausalitat, Auftreten von Krankheiten, Bestimmungsfaktoren, Krankheitsmustern, Krankheitsoekologie u.v.m. Veterinary Epidemiology, 4. Auflage: - Alle Kapitel wurden aktualisiert. Entstanden ist ein modernes Referenzwerk zum Thema Veterinarepidemiologie. - Enthalt neue Kapitel, die fur die Entwicklung des Fachgebiets massgeblich sind. - Bietet Beispiele zu Haustieren, Nutztieren und Voegeln sowie zu Krankheiten bei Wassertieren. - Richtet den Fokus auf Prinzipien und Konzepte der Epidemiologie, der UEberwachung, der Validierung und Leistungsfahigkeit diagnostischer Tests. - Begleitende Website mit Multiple-Choice-Fragen.

The Color Atlas of "Xenopus laevis" Histology provides the first central source on the microscopic anatomy of cells, tissues, and major organs of the adult South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis. For many years, X. laevis has been a highly popular experimental animal model in many areas of research. The recent development of transgenic Xenopus technology offers the promise that this animal model will be utilized more than ever before. The purpose of this book is to provide the active researcher with a central source of high quality light microscopic color images of the tissues of X. laevis, to aid in the identification of the cells and tissues of interest.

Major features of this atlas include:

*277 large, colorful, high resolution light microscopic images of cells, structures, tissues and organs;
*Clear, detailed labeling of important structures in all images;
*Concise, easy-to-read descriptions of histological organization and functions;
*Colorful three-dimensional illustrations that simplify complex structure;
*Detailed presentation of cranial structures and organization;
*Easy-to-use cross-referenced index;
*Bundled CD/ROM containing all images for easy downloading.

Male urogenital glands (also named male accessory sex glands) have received relatively little attention from electron microscopists, with the possible exception of the prostate gland. Moreover, even though comparative studies have clearly shown that these glands exhibit species-dependent features, very few studies, scattered over various publications, are available on the urogenital glands of man. This volume, the 11th of the series on Electron Microscopy in Biology and Medicine, presents an unprecedented collection of information on the functional microanatomy and cytoarchitecture of these organs in humans. Through the integration of transmission and scanning electron microscopy with a variety of modern techniques, it documents the most important aspects of the histophysiology of these glands from their development to some pathological alterations. In order to cover some key mechanisms of their cell biology, such as the action of sex hormones, the epithelio-mesenchymal interactions, and the dynamic of the secretory process, reports on human organs have been supplemented by some studies on experimental animals. The outstanding level of the contributions and the quality of the illustrations make this book, which has been compiled by some of the world authorities on the topic, a work of reference for students, scientists, and professionals interested in biomedical foundations of andrology, as well as a stimulus for future research in this exciting and relatively neglected chapter of human reproduction.

There is general agreement that increased environmental pollution poses a potential health hazard to humans and that effective control of such genetic injury requires monitoring the exposed individuals for genetic damage and identifying chemicals that may cause mutation or cancer. Tests available for identifying mutagens or carcinogens range from relatively simple, rapid assays in prokaryotes and test systems utilizing mammalian cells in tissue culture to highly elaborate tests in intact animals. No single test can provide data for an unequivocal assessment of the mutagenicity of a given chemical and the risk it might pose to human health. A tier approach, therefore, was suggested for mutagenicity testing in which the suspected agents would be initially evaluated with simple, inexpensive tests that would give qualitative results. Chemicals found to be positive in the first-tier testing would then be evaluated with more complex tests, including those based on mammalian cells in culture. Testing in the final tier requires whole-animal studies, and is expensive and time-consum ing, and even the results from these studies need to be extrapolated for human risk assessment. The mutation systems based on whole animals require scoring large num bers of animals, and therefore are not practical for the routine testing of muta gens. As an alternative to monitoring the pedigree, cells from exposed individ uals may be considered for screening for point mutations through the use of an appropriate marker protein."

Toph's in Chemical Mutagenesis is a new series dedicated to studies in the areas of environmental chemical mutagenesis and genetic toxicology. In this series we will explore some of many topics that are emerging in these rapidly developing fields. The purpose of the present volume is to attempt to organize and compare the genotoxic properties of the N-nitroso compounds. This is a particularly interesting class of compounds because of the problems encountered with the Salmonella assay of Ames in generating both false positive and false negative results. The battery approach using a number of assay systems seems more appropriate to evaluate chemicals in this class. Topics to be discussed in other volumes in this series include single-cell mutation monitoring systems, the detection of genetic damage in mammalian germ cells, the mutagenicity of pesticides, problems in monitoring human populations in genetic toxicology, and a glossary of terms in genetic toxicology. All of these books are in various stages of development and should appear within the next few years. Frederick J. de Serres Series Editor vii Preface During the past ten years there has been an explosive development in the number of short-term tests to predict the biological risks, especially risks of cancer, in exposure to xenobiotic chemicals. The number of published articles in this area has reached many thousands a year and there are several new journals devoted almost entirely to the presentation of the results obtained in these tests.

Poisons are topics of multidisciplinary concern. The clinician and the pathologist are sensitive to instances of human poisoning. The laboratory researcher, whether pharmacologist, physiologist, or biochemist, is oriented toward molecular modes of poison action. Both clinician and researcher are eager to learn of poisons that can be used as therapeutic agents or methodological tools. This volume is an attempt to underscore the multidisciplinary charac ter of neuropoisons. Six poisons of animal origin which are receiving considerable clinical and research attention are discussed. Each poison is presented first as a clinical entity, then as a topic of investigative research, and finally as an agent useful to the study of nerve function. Because no single volume on neuropoisons can be exhaustive, an attempt at balance is offered as compensation. Two snake venoms, two marine poisons, and two bacterial toxins are presented in detail. In the sequel to this volume, attention will be focused on representative neuro poisons of plant origin."

This publication contains the proceedings of a seminar held in Brussels on November 8-9, 1988. The title of the seminar was "Reducing the costs of disease by improving resistance through genetics." The seminar was held as an activity of the Community Programme for the Coordination of Agricultural Research, 1984-1988. Costs of disease depend on losses caused by morbidity, mortality and production decreases and on the costs of preventive measures including vaccination and medication. Production losses often contribute a major portion to the total costs. To reduce costs of disease preventive measures like vaccination, preventive medication and hygienic procedures are applied. Genetic resistance is an attractive preventive measure because of its consistent nature in the next generations, because it precludes veterinary services and because there are no side-effects. Constraints are the long term investment, relatively slow progress per generation (in combination with production traits) and the considerable lack of knowledge about inheritance of resistance mechanisms in farm animals.