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Books > Social sciences > Politics & government > Political activism > General
Latin America in the 1960s and 1970s underwent a profound and often
violent process of social change. From the Cuban Revolution to the
massive guerrilla movements in Argentina, Uruguay, Peru, Colombia,
and most of Central America, to the democratic socialist experiment
of Allende in Chile, to the increased popularity of
socialist-oriented parties in Uruguay, or para-socialist movements,
such as the Juventud Peronista in Argentina, the idea of social
change was in the air. Although this topic has been explored from a
political and social point of view, there is an aspect that has
remained fairly unexplored. The cultural-and especially
musical-dimension of this movement, so vital in order to comprehend
the extent of its emotional appeal, has not been fully documented.
Without an account of how music was pervasively used in the
construction of the emotional components that always accompany
political action, any explanation of what occurred in Latin America
during that period will be always partial. This book is an initial
attempt to overcome this deficit. In this collection of essays, we
examine the history of the militant song movement in Chile,
Uruguay, and Argentina at the peak of its popularity (from the
mid-1960s to the coup d'etats in the mid-1970s), considering their
different political stances and musical deportments. Throughout the
book, the contribution of the most important musicians of the
movement (Violeta Parra, Victor Jara, Patricio Manns, Quilapayun,
Inti-Illimani, etc., in Chile; Daniel Viglietti, Alfredo Zitarrosa,
Los Olimarenos, etc., in Uruguay; Atahualpa Yupanqui, Horacio
Guarany, Mercedes Sosa, Marian Farias Gomez, Armando Tejada Gomez,
Cesar Isella, Victor Heredia, Los Trovadores, etc., in Argentina)
are highlighted; and some of the most important conceptual extended
oeuvres of the period (called "cantatas") are analyzed (such as "La
Cantata Popular Santa Maria de Iquique" in the Chilean case and
"Montoneros" in the Argentine case). The contributors to the
collection deal with the complex relationship that the aesthetic of
the movement established between the political content of the
lyrics and the musical and performative aspects of the most popular
songs of the period.
This fresh and invigorating analysis illuminates the
often-neglected story of early African American civil rights
activism. African American Civil Rights: Early Activism and the
Niagara Movement tells a fascinating story, one that is too
frequently marginalized. Offering the first full-length,
comprehensive sociological analysis of the Niagara Movement, which
existed between 1905 and 1910, the book demonstrates that, although
short-lived, the movement was far from a failure. Rather, it made
the need to annihilate Jim Crow and address the atrocities caused
by slavery publicly visible, creating a foundation for more widely
celebrated mid-20th-century achievements. This unique study focuses
on what author Angela Jones terms black publics, groups of
concerned citizens-men and women, alike-who met to shift public
opinion. The book explores their pivotal role in initiating the
civil rights movement, specifically examining secular
organizations, intellectual circles, the secular black press, black
honor societies and clubs, and prestigious educational networks.
All of these, Jones convincingly demonstrates, were seminal to the
development of civil rights protest in the early 20th century.
Primary source documents including the Niagara Movement's
"Declaration of Principles" A chronology of the development of the
civil rights movement Photographs of key players in the Niagara
Movement An expansive bibliography encompassing titles from
sociology, political science, and history
The untold story of the Black nationalist group behind the growing
popularity of Kwanzaa In spite of the ever-growing popularity of
Kwanzaa, the story of the influential Black nationalist
organization behind the holiday has never been told. Fighting for
Us explores the fascinating history of the US Organization, a Black
nationalist group based in California that played a leading role in
Black Power politics and culture during the late 1960s and early
'70s whose influence is still felt today. Advocates of Afrocentric
renewal, US unleashed creative and intellectual passions that
continue to fuel debate and controversy among scholars and students
of the Black Power movement. Founded in 1965 by Maulana Karenga, US
established an extensive network of alliances with a diverse body
of activists, artists and organizations throughout the United
States for the purpose of bringing about an African American
cultural revolution. Fighting for US presents the first historical
examination of US' philosophy, internal dynamics, political
activism and influence on African American art, making an elaborate
use of oral history interviews, organizational archives, Federal
Bureau of Investigation files, newspaper accounts, and other
primary sources of the period. This book also sheds light on
factors contributing to the organization's decline in the early
'70s-government repression, authoritarianism, sexism, and elitist
vanguard politics. Previous scholarship about US has been shaped by
a war of words associated with a feud between US and the Black
Panther Party that gave way to a series of violent and deadly
clashes in Los Angeles. Venturing beyond the lingering rhetoric of
rivalry, this book illuminates the ideological similarities and
differences between US's "cultural" nationalism and the Black
Panther Party's "revolutionary" nationalism. Today, US's emphasis
on culture has endured as evidenced by the popularity of Kwanzaa
and the Afrocentrism in Black art and popular media. Engaging and
original, Fighting for US will be the definitive work on Maulana
Karenga, the US organization, and Black cultural nationalism in
America.
Voices of Liberation: Archie Mafeje should be understood as an
attempt to contextualise Mafeje's work and thinking and adds to
gripping intellectual biographies of African intellectuals by
African researchers. Mafeje's scholarship can be categorised into
three broad areas: a critique of epistemological and methodological
issues in the social sciences; the land and agrarian question in
sub-Saharan Africa; and revolutionary theory and politics
(including questions of development and democracy). Noted for his
academic prowess, genius mind, incomparable wit and endless
struggle for his nation and greater Africa, Mafeje was also hailed
by his daughter, Dana El-Baz, as a 'giant' not only in the
intellectual sense but as a human being. Part I discusses Mafeje's
intellectual and political influences. Part II consists of seven of
Mafeje's original articles and seeks to contextualise his writings.
Part III reflects on Mafeje's intellectual legacy.
From Gandhi's movement to win Indian independence to the Arab
Spring uprisings of 2011, an expanding number of citizens have used
nonviolent action to win political goals. While such events have
captured the public imagination, they have also generated a new
surge of scholarly interest in the field of nonviolence and civil
resistance studies. Although researchers have produced new
empirical data, theories, and insights into the phenomenon of
nonviolent struggle, the field is still quite unfamiliar to many
students and scholars. In Nonviolent Struggle: Theories,
Strategies, and Dynamics, sociologist Sharon Nepstad provides a
succinct introduction to the field of civil resistance studies,
detailing its genesis, key concepts and debates, and a summary of
empirical findings. Nepstad depicts the strategies and dynamics at
play in nonviolent struggles, and analyzes the factors that shape
the trajectory and outcome of civil resistance movements. The book
draws on a vast array of historical examples, including the U.S.
civil rights movement, the Indonesian uprising against President
Suharto, the French Huguenot resistance during World War II, and
Cesar Chavez's United Farm Workers. Nepstad describes both
principled and pragmatic nonviolent traditions and explains various
categories of nonviolent action, concluding with an assessment of
areas for future research. A comprehensive treatment of the
philosophy and strategy of nonviolent resistance, Nonviolent
Struggle is essential reading for students, scholars, and anyone
with a general interest in peace studies and social change.
Since World War II, abortion policies have remained remarkably
varied across European nations, with struggles over abortion rights
at the forefront of national politics. This volume analyses
European abortion governance and explores how social movements,
political groups, and individuals use protests and resistance to
influence abortion policy. Drawing on case studies from Italy,
Spain, Norway, Poland, Romania, Russia, Sweden, Switzerland, the
United Kingdom and the European Union, it analyses the strategies
and discourses of groups seeking to liberalise or restrict
reproductive rights. It also illuminates the ways that reproductive
rights politics intersect with demographic anxieties, as well as
the rising nationalisms and xenophobia related to austerity
policies, mass migration and the recent terrorist attacks in
Europe.
This book is the most comprehensive and up-to-date source of
information about ways in which consumer activism has reshaped the
economic and political well-being of citizens in the United States
and around the world. This all-encompassing collection of
information about consumer activism and the consumer movement will
provide students, public officials, business groups, and other
activists with a one-stop source of facts and insights. The
contributors explore hundreds of major consumer protections that
have significantly enhanced the quality of life and safety for all
Americans, showing how these protections were won through the
skillful and determined work of leading activists and activist
organizations. Many of the stories told here are related by the
activists themselves, often for the first time. More than 140
entries offer a comprehensive treatment of the consumer activism of
specific organizations, their leaders, and strategies. The book
also includes more than 40 entries about consumer movements in
Europe, Asia, Africa, and Latin America. A timeline of key events
and a listing of the most important books on the subject of
consumer activism help provide context for the individual entries
as do two introductory essays. Cross references in each entry
establish linkages among topics. Provides the single most
comprehensive source available of information about consumer
activism and advocacy Shows how activism has influenced laws and
regulations affecting more than 40 consumer issues Shares personal
accounts from activists about their work on these issues Details
information on U.S. national consumer organizations and many state
and local consumer groups, including their goals, strategies,
leaders, finances, and impact Offers insights into the ways
consumer activist groups have interacted with other nonprofits,
policymakers, regulators, and business groups
How do progressive social movements deal with religious pluralism?
In this book, Timothy Peace uses the example of the
alter-globalisation movement to explain why social movement leaders
in Britain and France reacted so differently to the emergence of
Muslim activism.
In Kerala, political activists with a background in Communism are
now instead asserting political demands on the basis of indigenous
identity. Why did a notion of indigenous belonging come to replace
the discourse of class in subaltern struggles? Indigenist
Mobilization answers this question through a detailed ethnographic
study of the dynamics between the Communist party and indigenist
activists, and the subtle ways in which global capitalist
restructuring leads to a resonance of indigenist visions in the
changing everyday working lives of subaltern groups in Kerala.
Race debates have become more frequent at the national level, and
the response to racism in the media and by politicians has shifted
from denial to acknowledgment to action. Focusing on the
experiences of communities from India's Northeast borderland, the
author explores the dynamics of race debates in contemporary India.
Core Actors in America challenges the ontological assumptions of
America's dominant public philosophy, liberalism, and its more
affectionate subordinate, communitarianism. Neither provides a
sufficiently robust account of who we are and what we are capable
of achieving in the social and political arenas. Dr. Stephen
Terhune Smith presents an alternative view that focuses on the
world view and historical impact of core actors, morally informed
non-conformists who initiate major social and political changes,
which ultimately become part of our institutional landscape. Acting
in venues of all sizes, these core actors not only call for
profound alterations in our relationships to each other and the
world, but also demonstrate that such changes are possible. This
book develops a theoretical framework that combines historical
research with contemporary interviews that reveal patterns of moral
knowledge and action across generations. Core Actors in America is
a stimulating and sophisticated text that will appeal to those
interested in political theory and philosophical analysis.
The way that movements communicate with the general public matters
for their chances of lasting success. Devo Woodly argue that the
potential for movement-led political change is significantly rooted
in mainstream democratic discourse and specifically in the
political acceptance of new issues by news media, the general
public, and elected officials. This is true to some extent for any
group wishing to alter status quo distributions of rights and/or
resources, but is especially important for grassroots challengers
who do not already have a place of legitimated influence in the
polity. By examining the talk of two contemporary movements, the
living wage and marriage equality, during the critical decade after
their emergence between 1994-2004, Woodly shows that while the
living wage movement experienced over 120 policy victories and the
marriage equality movement suffered many policy defeats, the
overall impact that marriage equality had on changing American
politics was much greater than that of the living wage because of
its deliberate effort to change mainstream political discourse, and
thus, the public understanding of the politics surrounding the
issue.
This book explores the significance of riots and public
disturbances caused by marginalized youth with a migrant background
in France and the Netherlands, and how their demands for
recognition, justice and equal opportunities are voiced in uncivil,
yet politically meaningful ways.
A surge of African American enrolment and student activism brought
Black Studies to many US campuses in the 1960s. Sixty years later,
Black Studies programmes are taught at more than 1,300 universities
worldwide. This book is the first history of how that happened.
Black Studies founder and movement veteran Abdul Alkalimat offers a
comprehensive history of the discipline that will become a key
reference for generations to come. Structured in three broadly
chronological sections - Black Studies as intellectual history; as
social movement; and as academic profession - the book demonstrates
how Black people themselves established the field long before its
institutionalisation in university programmes. At its heart, Black
Studies is profoundly political. Black Power, the New Communist
Movement, the Black women's and students' movements - each step in
the journey for Black liberation influenced and was influenced by
this revolutionary discipline.
When the Clyde Ran Red paints a vivid picture of the heady days
when revolution was in the air on Clydeside. Through the bitter
strike at the huge Singer Sewing machine plant in Clydebank in
1911, Bloody Friday in Glasgow's George Square in 1919, the General
Strike of 1926 and on through the Spanish Civil War to the
Clydebank Blitz of 1941, the people fought for the right to work,
the dignity of labour and a fairer society for everyone. They did
so in a Glasgow where overcrowded tenements stood no distance from
elegant tea rooms, art galleries, glittering picture palaces and
dance halls. Red Clydeside was also home to Charles Rennie
Mackintosh, the Glasgow Style and magnificent exhibitions
showcasing the wonders of the age. Political idealism and artistic
creativity were matched by industrial endeavor: the Clyde built
many of the greatest ships that ever sailed, and Glasgow
locomotives pulled trains on every continent on earth. In this book
Maggie Craig puts the politics into the social context of the times
and tells the story with verve, warmth and humour.
The essays in this book concern manifestations of political
violence in the democracies of interwar Europe. While research in
this area usually focuses on the countries that fell to fascism,
the authors demonstrate that violence remained a part of political
competition in the democratic regimes of Western Europe too.
Many transnational campaigns, and particularly the transnational
campaign on violence against women, promote international norms
that target the behavior of local non-state actors, while many of
these local actors are subscribing to conflicting local norms. What
happens when the international and local norms collide? When does
transnational activism lead individuals and communities to abandon
local norms and embrace international ones? In When Norms Collide,
Karisa Cloward presents a theoretical framework for understanding
the range of local-level responses to international norm promotion,
and applies this framework to the issues of female genital
mutilation (FGM) and early marriage. Cloward argues that,
conditional on exposure to an international normative message,
individuals can decide to change their attitudes, their actual
behavior, and the public image they present to international and
local audiences. She finds that the impact of transnational
activism on individual decision-making substantially depends on the
salience of the international and local norms to their respective
proponents, as well as on community-level factors such as the
density of NGO activity and the availability of an exit option from
the local norm. She further finds that there are both social and
temporal dimensions to the diffusion of international norms across
individuals and through communities. Cloward evaluates the theory
by examining changes in the patterns of FGM and early marriage
among the Maasai and Samburu in Kenya, using a mixed-method
empirical strategy that includes qualitative interviews and an
original representative survey with a randomized experimental
component.
In Political Dynamics of Grassroots Democracy in Vietnam, Hai Hong
Nguyen investigates the correlation between independent variables
and grassroots democracy to demonstrate that grassroots democracy
has created a mutually empowering mechanism for both the
party-state and the peasantry.
This social history and community study documents the events
surrounding the attempt by community members, activists, and VISTA
architects to resist the planned construction of a community
college in the neighborhood of Uptown. The planner and architect
are seldom envisioned as advocates for the urban poor. However,
during the 1960s, New Left planners and architects began working
with marginalized groups in cities to design alternatives to urban
renewal projects. This was part of a national advocacy planning
movement that was taking shape in urban areas like Chicago.
Inspired by critics of the Rational-comprehensive model of
planning, advocacy planners opposed the imposition of projects on
neighborhoods often with no collaboration from residents. One
example of this resistance was Hank Williams Village-a
multi-purpose housing and commercial redevelopment project modeled
after a southern town. The Village was an attempt to prevent the
displacement of thousands of southern whites by the planned
construction of a community college in Chicago's Uptown
neighborhood. While the plan for the Village failed to win support
of the local urban renewal board, the work performed by the young
VISTA architects became instrumental in their subsequent career
trajectories and thus served as formative personal and professional
experience.
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