Macroeconomic Policy in the Canadian Economy investigates developments in Canada over the last forty years, using recent advances in the field of applied econometrics. In particular, the book analyzes the theoretical foundations of public sector activities and evaluates the several theories of government growth. Issues of convergence are also investigated as they manifest themselves in per capita income across Canadian provinces, and as to how successful government income equalization policies have been in furthering such convergence. Moreover, the openness of the Canadian economy is investigated in terms of the importance of exports on GDP growth and of its participation in the world of an internationally integrated capital market.

The book also analyzes monetary policy issues and investigates the role of monetary aggregates and the effectiveness of monetary policy. Finally, it addresses the issue of the existence or not of electoral and partisan cycles in Canada, by incorporating both fiscal and monetary principles and applying them to the lively world of Canadian politics.

This volume challenges the view that unemployment is exclusively determined by structural characteristics of the labour market and the social benefit system. Macroeconomic policies and investment in capital stock are included in the analysis and are shown to have a major role to play. Wage setting in the labour market has no direct impact on employment but nominal wages set in this market affect the price level. Following mainstream recommendations with respect to labour market reforms in an environment of low growth and serious effective demand problems, may contribute to deflationary risks. Unemployment and 'structural reforms' also cause falling labour income shares and more unequal personal income distribution. These developments contribute to slow growth and rising unemployment. This is shown in applying growth models, which rely on the principle of effective demand and which also incorporate the effects of distribution struggle.

This project grew out of a recognition that I could fmd no aggregate measure of the amount of regulation beyond crude proxies such as the number of pages in the Federal Register. As I began to address this specific issue. I became much more aware of two things -- the enormity of regulation in the u.s. economy and the relative absence of economic research into the macroeconomic consequences of those regulations. While I would have readily granted the idea that many economist'> knew more about regulation than I did, I would have thought my knowledge of regulation to be at least up to the average economist's. My graduate training in the early to mid 1980s included special attention to the field of "public choice" and related topics, all of which occasionally explored regulatory topics. Moreover. I had at least a passing knowledge of the debates concerning deregulation in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Because of this, my own ignorance of regulation's actual expanse and its aggregate consequences startled me and heightened my interest in expanding empirical research into regulation as a macroeconomic influence. The more I thought about graduate macroeconomics classes and texts, the more that I realized the exclusion of regulation as a macroeconomic topic in spite of its massive scale and far-reaching tentacles.

As a result of the regional debt crisis, most governments of Latin America in the 1980s entered into a process of profound policy change, from an import substitution oriented strategy to a focus upon export-promotion, with an emphasis upon market liberalization. According to mainstream economic theory, the effect of this shift would be to favour agriculture. This book, with contributors from Latin America and Europe, surveys the results on agriculture of a decade of policy change.

From a state of relative unanimity macroeconomic theory has, during the last decade, been dispersed in various directions. A dominant trend has been the monetarist and new classical economics with their undaunting equilibrium postulates and fatalistic views on economic policy. Keynesian responses to this development have been varied and thus give rise to further diffusion.;This book provides a broad overview of the development of macroeconomic theory and methods. Against this background fundamental questions are addressed by the authors, reconciliation of micro and macroeconomic theory, the concept of income, and new suggestions for the basic framework of macroeconomic theorizing. The authors all address different topics from different perspectives, but there is a shared critical attitude towards the rejuvenation of an infalliable "invisible hand". From there on proper methods of macroeconomic modelling are explored and basic theoretical issues are examined.

This 72nd volume in the series discusses such topics as the influence of the environment, the effect of the type of regime, regional case studies, and generalizations.

This book is the first comprehensive account of the numerous attempts made since the Second World War to provide food security for all. It provides a reference source for all those involved and interested in food security issues.

Amartya Sen "Equality," I spoke the word As if a wedding vow Ah, but I was so much older then, I am younger than that now. Thus sang Bob Dylan in 1964. Approbation of equality varies not only with our age (though it is not absolutely clear in which direction the values may shift over one's life time), but also with the spirit of the times. The 1960s were good years for singing in praise of equality. The spirit of the present times would probably be better reflected by melodies in admiration of the Federal Reserve System. And yet the technical literature on the evaluation and measurement of economic inequality has grown remarkably over the last three decades. Even as actual economic policies (especially in North America and Europe) have tended to move towards focusing on virtues other than the avoidance of economic inequality, the professional literature on assessing and gauging economic inequality has taken quite a jump forward. A great many different problems have been addressed and effectively sorted out, and new problems continue to be posed and analyzed. The Contents: A Review Jacques Silber has done a great service to the subject by producing this collection of admirablyhelpful and illuminating papers on different aspects of the measurement of income inequality. The reach of this collection is quite remarkable. Along with a thorough overview from the editor himself, the major areas in this complex field have been carefully examined and accessibly discussed.

A collection of papers from leading thinkers to celebrate the work of the late Wynne Godley, and his enormous contribution to the field of monetary economics. Chapters include in-depth discussions of the revolutionary economic modelling systems that Godley introduced, as well as his prescient concerns about the global financial crash.

Hardbound. This book examines the relationship between elites, minorities, and economic growth. The novelty of the book lies in its focus on the interaction between social and economic changes during economic growth. This is an undeveloped subject because it crosses disciplinary lines. The first part of the book contains essays on the role of economic and political elites in America, Europe and the Middle East. The second part of the book contains essays on the role of minorities in past and present industrialization in Europe and Asia. And the final part contains more theoretical approaches that build on the historical essays earlier in the volume.Elites, Minorities and Economic Growth is particularly useful for macroeconomists interested in economic growth, economic historians, sociologists interested in elites, minorities and social mobility and historians of industrialization and economic growth.

This book brings together for the first time studies on all aspects of the Malaysian economy. These range from the geological origins and mineral resources, flora, fauna, peoples and cultures, political development, economy and society, environment and ecotourism in Malaysia and encapsulates the integration of the country into the wider international economy. The book also attempts to make Malaysia's current economic and political development more explicable by considering it in the light of these natural and human resource endowments and by exploring how they have changed over time.

The privatization revolution, profit or revenue sharing, and employee participation in enterprise decision making are some of the major characteristics of modern capitalism. Such features can be observed in almost all countries, including Western developed, Third World, and primarily ex-socialist countries. The diffusion of stock ownership, the promotion of economic and industrial democracy, and the globalization of production and finance present new challenges and opportunities and reflect important structural economic and political changes. This book examines all these issues and provides valuable information and suggestions for labor-management relations and international business cooperation.

This edited volume focuses on economic integration, currency union, and sustainable and inclusive growth in East Africa. It consists of twelve interrelated studies that provide a comprehensive picture of the state and determinants of economic development and cooperation among countries in East Africa, such as Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda and Tanzania. The contributions are grouped into five parts: economic integration and its effects on trade; common currency and exchange rate; research, innovation, and knowledge, and shadow economics and corruption; inclusive and sustainable growth; and the conflict-growth nexus and reconstruction. This book will appeal to scholars and decision makers looking for the necessary tools and determinants of economic development and cooperation in East Africa.

This book is about changes in the competitiveness and the restructuring of manufacturing industries in the three leading transition economies of Central Europe (Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic), their integration into the European Union, and their catching up with the old member states in the pre-accession period.

Economic transformation in traditional development economics refers to the transition from an agricultural society to an industrial one. Based on the practical conditions and the experience since reform and opening up in the late 1970s, the author observes that the path China's economy takes is a dual transformation, namely, developmental transformation from an agricultural society to an industrial economy, and institutional transformation from planned economy to market economy. Centering on property ownership reform which is the supreme reform of the dual transformation, this book discusses land ownership approval, stock-holding system reform and the maintaining ownership of private enterprises, etc. Besides, the book expounds on the urbanization in China, believing that it is not only the outcome of the dual transformation but also the booster that will help China's economy continue to develop at a high speed. Independent innovation and industrial upgrading which is the key to the enhancement of enterprises' competitiveness is also covered. The combination or overlapping of the two types of transformations in China has had no precedent in history, and it has not been discussed in traditional development economics. Scholars and students in China's economic studies and development economics studies will be attracted by this book. In addition, this book will be a valuable reference for other developing countries which are undergoing economic transformation.

Market reforms in Latin America have resulted in a variety of outcomes, which have often been disappointing. This books studies market reforms in eight key Latin American countries, aiming to shed light on the question of why similar policies have resulted in a variety of outcomes, ranging from outright failures to clear successes. The book focuses on policy implementation and the factors that impinge on the sustainability of market reforms. The findings provide a valuable contribution to the ongoing debate on the reasons for market reform 'fatigue'.

The internationalization of the German political economy in the postwar era, particularly in the "restructuring" period since the mid-1970s, has produced a special socio-economic and political formation which this anthology views as a "hegemonic project". Based upon a virtually total West German integration into the "West", this project has evolved within a new international division of labour and a global political system in which the German state, with its extreme level of export dependency and need for stability, has become a guardian and champion of the global status quo. The contributors to this book have taken account of the developments which have arisen from the events of 1989 in the former GDR.

This book examines the theory and practice of performance budgeting, which aims to make the government more effective by linking the funding of government agencies to the results they deliver. In a combination of thematic studies and case studies, it clearly presents the diverse range of contemporary performance budgeting models and examines their effectiveness. Its coverage is truly international, spanning developed, developing and middle-income countries. Implementation strategy and the supporting accounting, performance measurement and other systems are systematically treated.

This volume, originally published in 1976, creates a basis from which the specialist topics of macroeconomics can be approached. The first section deals exclusively with a simple classical and Keynesian model within a single common framework to facilitate easy comparison. Although simple models, they provide a sound starting point for the more advanced ideas which make up the second part of the book. Recognizing tht one of the crucial purposes of macroeconomics is to provide advice for central government policy makers, the policy implications of the models are discussed.

Political and economic independence has been a novel experience for the 51 million people of Ukraine since the collapse of the former Soviet Union. This most tightly controlled and regulated republic of the former USSR has had difficulty in making the transition to another form of government. The hurdles and uncommon difficulties which must be neutralized or mitigated before market forces can materialize and become viable are described and analyzed in each of the core chapters. The work concludes with practical lessons and recommendations for Ukraine, and, by extrapolation, for the other economies of Eastern Europe.

The Changing Industrial Map of Europe is a major study of the recent evolution of six key industries - information technology, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, retailing, transportation and insurance - and their response to the 'new Europe'. Taken together, the analyses of these industries shed much light on how technological, economic and political factors are working together to create a more integrated and more competitive industrial base in Europe.

This volume argues that a renewed commitment to sound macroeconomic policies and structural reforms is needed for countries in South East Europe, or 'the Balkans' achieve to sustainable prosperity, along with enhanced support from the international community. New fiscal and financial architecture has valuable lessons for policymakers in SEE.

Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) will have far-reaching consequences for participating nations. This book contains a unique and editorially neutral collection of key arguments favouring and opposing membership. The economic and policy implications are evaluated by distinguished economists, whilst the impact upon national sovereignty and the world of work is debated by prominent MPs and representatives of business and trade union organisations. The text provides an unbiased, comprehensive and 'readable' resource for specialist students and a general readership.