This study, first published in 1996, investigates the effects that local labor market conditions may have on the economic status of women and blacks, relative to their white male counterparts. More precisely, it examines the impact that local labor market conditions have on estimates of labor market discrimination investigated in this study are wage discrimination and occupational discrimination. This title will be of interest to students of sociology, gender studies and urban studies.

The relations between Turkey and Germany deserve to be called unique because of their depth and extent. This book offers an interdisciplinary approach on these relations from political, socio-economic and business perspectives. In this context, it is a beneficial reference book for those academics in Political Science, Economics and Business Administration who focus their researches on various aspects of the relations between Turkey and Germany. It also provides useful insight for the practitioners such as policy makers, diplomats, investors, financial analysts, NGOs that are engaged in Turkish-German relations, German companies invested in Turkey and Turkish companies that transfer know-how from Germany.

First published in 1984. This book presents a great deal of research findings, new advances in theory and comprehensive overviews of key aspects of labour economics. It examines the latest trends in the field and assesses the impact of recent policies together with the likely impact of proposed policies. This study covers a wide range of topics but concentrates in particular on questions connected with the economics of trade unions which is a major area of concern for labour economists.

First published in 1997. Politicians of all shades argue that the labour market should be more flexible and workers more mobile. But what does this mean in reality? How flexible and mobile are workers likely to be? Is there an ideological base to the language of flexibility? These are some of the issues covered in this book. Data from a large factory and office is used to argue that the macro labour market consists of non-competitive work groups where strongly held views and values represent a substantial barrier to simplistic definitions of flexibility and mobility. The analysis takes place in three chapters, dealing with recruitment for work, skills used in work and perceptions of different types of work and workers. The findings suggest that non-economic forces (such as institutional, social, historical and political phenomena) strongly influence the creation of separate work cultures. Furthermore, it is argued that the reason for differences between work groups being articulated in a defensive fashion reflects the climate of fear in the labour market, where flexibility is associated with a loss of the (often limited) power, control and influence workers have over their position in the labour market.

First published in 1981. This book reports on a decade of research into the effects of taxation on the supply of labour. In addition to their work in making labour supply estimates, the study explores a number of the ways labour supply estimates can be used. When budget constraints are non-linear it is not possible to estimate the effects of (tax) or other policy changes from knowledge of labour supply elasticities alone, and it is necessary to re-estimate the original model used to derive the estimates. The implications of labour supply estimates for the study of inequality and optimal taxation are considered. Macro-economic models of the economy typically omit labour supply functions or include functions which are inconsistent with micro-economic work on labour supply. This book will appeal to academic economists, senior students and policy-makers in the field of public finance and labour economics, who will find much of interest from both the theoretical and policy standpoints.

First published in 1989. In the decade before this book was originally published, employee share ownership and profit sharing had increased markedly as successive governments introduced fiscal legislation promoting their uses. Yet how successful had 'people's capitalism' been? The Glasgow study was a major empirical investigation into this issue and was a response to the need for an independent assessment. It discusses how attitudes to ownership had changed and how these, in turn, related to attitudes to work. It also addresses the implications of profit sharing and employee share ownership for industrial relations both for individual companies and at a national level.

Knowledge Workers in Contemporary China: Reform, and Resistance in the Publishing Industry concentrates on the trajectories of the labor process transformation of knowledge workers, mainly editors, in the Chinese publishing industry. The book focuses on their changing social, economic, and political roles; their dilemmas, challenges, and opportunities associated with current social reform; and China s integration into the global political economy. At its core, the book addresses three different yet interrelated processes of the political economy of communication: commodification, structuration, and spatialization in the Chinese publishing industry. It examines whether worker organizations and trade unions are effective in presenting editors legitimate rights and interests in current publishing reform. Through the political economic analysis of knowledge workers in China s publishing industry, Jianhua Yao helps readers better understand the broader social and economic transformations, specifically the network of power relations and institutional contexts in which Chinese editors are situated, that have been taking place in China since the late 1970s."

Knowledge Workers in Contemporary China: Reform, and Resistance in the Publishing Industry concentrates on the trajectories of the labor process transformation of knowledge workers, mainly editors, in the Chinese publishing industry. The book focuses on their changing social, economic, and political roles, their dilemma, challenges, and opportunities associated with current social reform, and China's integration into the global political economy. At its core, the book addresses three different yet interrelated processes of the political economy of communication: commodification, structuration, and spatialization in the Chinese publishing industry. It examines whether worker organizations and trade unions are effective in presenting editors' legitimate rights and interests in current publishing reform. Through the political economic analysis of knowledge workers in China's publishing industry, particularly editors, Jianhua Yao attempts to help readers better understand the broader social and economic transformations, specifically the network of power relations and institutional contexts in which Chinese editors are situated, that have been taking place in China since the late 1970s.

The conditions for non-EU migrant workers to gain legal entry to Britain, France, and Germany are at the same time similar and quite different. To explain this variation this book compares the fine-grained legal categories for migrant workers in each country, and examines the interaction of economic, social, and cultural rationales in determining migrant legality. Rather than investigating the failure of borders to keep unauthorized migrants out, the author highlights the different policies of each country as "border-drawing" actions. Policymakers draw lines between different migrant groups, and between migrants and citizens, through considerations of both their economic utility and skills, but also their places of origin and prospects for social integration. Overall, migrant worker legality is arranged against the backdrop of the specific vision each country has of itself in an economically competitive, globalized world with rapidly changing welfare and citizenship models.

Contrary to the explanations offered by the theory of non-reflexive, path-dependent institutionalism, the U.S. and the German automotive industries undertook strikingly similar patterns of industry modification under tough international competition during the 1990s, departing from their traditional national patterns. By investigating the processes of the U.S. and German adjustments, the author critically reconsiders the prevalent paradigms of political economy and comes to the conclusion that the evidence does not confirm the neoliberal paradigm. In order to better account for the recomposition of new market relations, which the author terms "converging but non-liberal" and "diverging but not predetermined" markets, he proposes an alternative model of "politics among reflexive agents," emphasizing different kinds of problem-solving practices among those reflexive agents. He argues that different forms and regimes of market are established in the process of recomposition, in which agents reflect upon not only market rationality but also upon their own institutions, creating new norms.

The concept of pay for performance for public school teachers is growing in popularity and use, and it has resurged to once again occupy a central role in education policy. "Performance Incentives: Their Growing Impact on American K-12 Education" offers the most up-to-date and complete analysis of this promising --yet still controversial --policy innovation.

"Performance Incentives" brings together an interdisciplinary team of experts, providing an unprecedented discussion and analysis of the pay-for-performance debate by

- Identifying the potential strengths and weaknesses of tying pay to student outcomes;

- Comparing different strategies for measuring teacher accomplishments;

- Addressing key conceptual and implemen - tation issues;

- Describing what teachers themselves think of merit pay;

- Examining recent examples in Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, and Texas;

- Studying the overall impact on student achievement.

Where to start when recounting a career spanning over sixty years which included some of the most significant disputes in the history of U.S. labor management relations? Horvitz starts with lessons learned at his famous father's knee. The father, Aaron Horvitz, was a pioneering labor arbitrator whose name is known and respected by anyone who has ever been seriously involved in the field of labor relations. The story takes off on its own trajectory when Horvitz engages as a young management player in dramatic and sometimes bizarre plant disputes in Bayonne and Perth Amboy, N.J., and Rome, N.Y., and then dives into the enormous labor problems arising from the introduction of containerization on the West Coast waterfront where he meets some of the most colorful figures in labor history and provides snatches of conversation and hilarious stories of their interactions. Horvitz then transports us to the East Coast and a stint in the Carter Administration as the nation's top mediator only to find himself thrust into some of the longest longshore and coal strikes in recent history and a colorful but nonetheless near-disastrous dispute at the Metropolitan Opera. Ultimately, he finds himself up to the eyeballs in the deregulation and disruption of the airlines industry, airline mergers, and the convoluted problems caused by the outmoded cost structure of the nation's railroads. A gifted storyteller, Horvitz gives us a front row seat throughout his lively saga, remembers the most delicious details, and tells only the best stories. While a long term member of the management fraternity, he nonetheless includes an impassioned and articulate argument for the revitalization and restructuring of the now-diminished art of collective bargaining in the global economy.

This title was first published in 2001: Employing an interdisciplinary and comparative approach to equity in long-term care, this book addresses the fact that demographic changes leading to ageing populations, financial pressures and changes in traditional support systems have brought long-term care and the redesign of care systems to the top of the European social policy agenda. Despite the importance of this issue, however, the question of equity in long-term care has until now received relatively little attention in social policy research. Rather than focusing on theories of social justice or the analysis of specific interpretations of equity, this book develops key dimensions of equity choices in a framework for systematic comparative analysis. This tool is then used to investigate long-term care policies in Europe, exploring equity choices in both the provision and the finance of long-term care. These choices are discussed comparatively with regard to the implications for the various actors and are also contrasted with basic welfare state objectives. This book represents an important addition to comparative research into several key areas of welfare and welfare state design. It explores the division of responsibilities in long-term care systems between the public and private and formal and informal sectors, the relationships between different welfare state objectives, the different types of welfare state intervention, and the principles and choices surrounding the allocation of resources and burdens.

From the perspective of trade unions, European integration makes it more necessary than ever before to establish common political positions. At the same time, increasing heterogeneity between the member states makes the crafting of such positions more and more difficult. Can, under these circumstances, a joint political line among European trade unions emerge? To answer this question, the book sheds light on transnational trade union cooperation in the three most important policy fields: the debate around the Freedom of services, the discussion over a European minimum wage, and the efforts of international wage coordination. Drawing on the results of extensive field research based on a qualitative study among trade unions from Hungary, Poland, Sweden, and Germany, as well as representatives from the European level, this book points to a significant gap in European trade union politics between pretensions and reality. The findings provide a solid theoretical framework, suitable not only to explain current dynamics in the field of European trade unionism, but also promising for further research on the topic. With its focus on a contested political field, Trade Unions in the Course of European Integration contributes to practical and theoretical debates within European trade unionism. As an adequate understanding of European trade unionism in general and collective bargaining requires a twofold perspective on European integration and the role of trade unions in European labor relations, two fields of scholarly interest are being addressed. Moreover, with its focus on European trade unionism as an internationalist project of labor politics, the book will also appeal to those interested in the field of Global Labor Studies.

Conventional wisdom argues that welfare state builders in the US and Sweden in the 1930s took their cues from labor and labor movements. Swenson makes the startling argument that pragmatic social reformers looked for support not only from below but also from above, taking into account capitalist interests and preferences. Juxtaposing two widely recognized extremes of welfare, the US and Sweden, Swenson shows that employer interests played a role in welfare state development in both countries.

This book provides a comparative analysis of the social, economic, industrial and migration dynamics that structure women's paid work and unpaid care work experience in the Asia-Pacific region. Each country-focused chapter examines the formal and informal ways in which work and care are managed, the changing institutional landscape, gender relations and fertility concerns, employer and trade union responses and the challenges policy makers face and the consequences of their decisions for working women. By covering the entire region, including Australia and New Zealand, the book highlights the way different national work and care regimes are linked through migration, with wealthier countries looking to their poorer neighbours for alternative sources of labour. In addition, the book contributes to debates about the barriers to women's participation in the workforce, the valuation of unpaid care, the gender wage gap, social protection and labour regulation for migrant workers and gender relations in developing Asia.

To better understand how strong worker protection systems differ from weak ones, this volume reports and interprets a study carried out in six nations-Sweden, Finland, The German Democratic Republic, The Federal Republic of Germany, The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, and the United States of America. The work involved interviews with reputational leaders of different interest groups as well as observations, extensive document study and correspondence with key informants.

The book investigates Greek industrial relations in a global context at different periods. Combining sociological, institutional, political and social aspects, it discusses industrial relations from statism that prevailed up to the '80s, to policies after the early '90s requesting modernisation and democratic neocorporatism. It also analyzes the dramatic overthrow of the institutional and real balance in the labour market after the conclusion of the Memorandum with the E.U. and I.M.F. and the great recession of the last six years.

First published in 1987. The reform of the welfare state in the United Kingdom is high on the agenda of all political parties and the proposals for reform, both official and private, are numerous. In this book, Professor Beenstock and his colleagues took a comprehensive account of the social security of the 1980s, as well as the tax system, as it had evolved over the Beveridge era and how it affected our incentive to work. The book describes the theory of labour supply decisions in their relationship to the tax benefit system. It illustrates how tax and social security arrangements affected labour supply decisions as well as monitoring how these decisions had evolved over the post-war period. It also considers retirement decisions in the UK as well as the government's plans to reform the social security system.

This book provides an original contribution to contemporary research surrounding the environmental, humanitarian and socio-political crises associated with contemporary capitalism. Reimagining Labor for a Sustainable Future is guided by the assertion that new systems are always preceded by new ideas and that imagination and experimentation are central in this process. Given the vast terrain of capitalism - processes, institutions, and stakeholders - Vogelaar and Dasgupta have selected labour as the point of engagement in the study of capitalist and alternative imaginaries. In order to demonstrate the importance of labour in rethinking and restructuring our world economy, the authors examine three diverse community projects in Scotland, India and the United States. They reveal the nuanced ways in which each community engages in commoning practices that re-center social reproduction and offer more expansive views of labour that challenge the neoliberal capitalist imaginary. This book will be of great interest to students and scholars of sustainable economics, labour studies and sustainable development.

For the past two decades efforts to halt the decline in union numbers and revitalize the labour movement have largely resided in social movement unionism (SMU). In the first English-language book to compare SMU in Japan, Korea and the United States, scholars from the three countries examine its emergence as a response to neoliberal globalization. Cross-National Comparisons of Social Movement Unionism moves beyond previous studies of SMU and union revitalization which have focussed on the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom and Australia. The eleven chapters offer empirical and theoretical analyses of the impact of SMU on existing labour movements, and explain the mediating factors that account for the diversity of SMU across national boundaries, arguing that its forms and activities are mediated by different institutional, political and economic contexts.

In the second half of the 1980s Japan has emerged as one of the new major destination countries for migrants from Asia. The migrant labour pool was then joined by Japanese descendants from South American countries in the 1990s. Japan's policy of keeping the labour market closed to foreign unskilled workers has remained unchanged despite the 1990 immigration policy reform, which met the growing need for unskilled labour not by opening the 'front-door' to unskilled workers but by letting them in through intentionally-provided 'side-doors'. This book throws light on various aspects of migration flows to Japan and the present status of migrant workers as conditioned by Japan's immigration control system. The analysis aims to explore how the massive arrival of migrants affected Japan's immigration policy and how the policy segmented the foreign labour market in Japan.

To the classical driving forces of migration such as poverty, oppression and war, yet another is being added: globalization. With the increasing economic interdependence between countries migration has become one of the important links. Many less developed countries (LDCs) accept migration of their workers to developed countries (DCs) because it reduces the pressure on unemployment, and remittances increase the capital inflow to the country. On the other hand, some of the DCs see migration as a threat to their employment and system of social security. Participants of the Second Annual Workshop of the Network EU-LDC Trade and Capital Relations gave a broad view of the problem which both DCs and LDCs are facing in connection with the globalization of labour markets. This volume consists of 10 chapters by scholars from the European Union (EU) and LDCs. Each paper is discussed in terms of its policy relevance by a policy maker as well as by an academic specializing in the field. In the opening chapter we aim to do justice to the discussion during the Workshop in Rotterdam in May 1995 at which preliminary versions of all chapters were presented. Edited versions of the interven tions by the policy makers and experts are included as far as possible af ter the chapters. The opinions expressed in this volume are those of the authors and not necessarily those of their organizations."

First published in 1920. This study examines the science of industrial work and the advances in its application to the economic life of the community. The author commences this volume with a brief explanation of the general principles of Theoretical Mechanics which have been applied in the study of the Human Motor. Space has also been devoted to the explanation of the laws of thermo-dynamics and of the Conservation of Energy. These provide the reader with the means by which muscular work and fatigue can be measured. This title will be of interest to students of economics and business.