Die Frage der Bewertung ganzer Untersuchungen ist bis in die jUngste Zeit hinein in der Betriebswirtschaftslehre ausgiebig diskutiert worden, ohne daB es zu einer einheitlichen Auffassung in allen Punkten gekommen ware. Dieses Problem ist auch fUr die offentliche Energieversorgung von groBer Bedeutung. Das Ministerium fUr Wirtschaft und Verkehr des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen hat daher dem Energiewirtschaftlichen Institut an der Universitat Koln einen Forschungsauftrag zu diesem Fragenkomplex erteilt. Die Ergebnisse dieser Untersuchung, die mit der dankenswerten UnterstUtzung des Ministerium durchgefUhrt werden konnte, werden hier- mit vorgelegt. Soweit aktuelles Material verwendet werden muBte, ist die Arbeit mit dem ersten Halbjahr 1955 abgeschlossen worden. Das Institut hofft, damit einen nUtzlichen Beitrag zur Diskussion um die Unternehmensbewertung liefern zu konnen. Prof. Dr. Wessels Direktor des Energiewirtschaftlichen Instituts an der Universitat Koln Seite 7 Forsohungsberiohte des Wirtschafts- und Verkehrsministeriums Nordrhein-Westfalen EINFUHRUNG Die betriebswirtschaftliche Lehre tiber den Wert und die Bewertung ganzer Wirtschaftseinheiten unterscheidet nach SCHMALENBACH 1) grundsatzlich den sog. Ertragswert und den sog. Sachwert. Ertragswert: Der Wert einer nternehmung im ganzen richtet sich allein nach dem Nutzen, den sie in der Zukunft erbringen kann. Der "wahre Wert" einer Unternehmung ist demnach der auf den Bewertungsstichtag diskon- tierte Wert der ktinftigen Reinertrage. Er wird Zukunftsertragswert oder kurz Ertragswert genannt.

This book is an essential primer in the core principles of sustainable energy project development through concept, design, feasibility and reality and takes a holistic approach to the development and financing of such projects, setting out the technical, commercial and financial aspects in a straightforward and practical manner.It sets out a first principles-based approach to developing sustainable projects in markets which are not extensively covered by project finance handbooks and which offer a particular set of challenges to the would-be developer. Drawing from over twenty years of experience in the sustainable energy sector, this practical guide will be a valuable resource to both those considering and already involved in projects in developing and emerging countries. Readers can expect to come away with a strong foundation in a core set of guiding principles that can be applied to a wide range of sustainable energy projects in any geographical location.

The importance of recycling the spent nuclear fuel through partitioning processes has been recognized worldwide for increasing and sustaining nuclear energy. Therefore, the development of advanced partitioning processes, based either on hydrometallurgical or on pyrometallurgical technologies, has received an increasing interest in recent years. Moving towards industrial demonstration, partitioning processes are applied for the separation of actinides, including minor actinides, not only to reduce the burden of high level waste to be disposed of, in terms of heat-load and radiotoxicity, but also to improve the efficiency of the resources' utilization. Furthermore, in the case of Molten Salt Reactors, whose fuel cycle is primary based on pyrochemical processes, there is a need for strengthening pyrometallurgical technologies. This publication reviews the status and trends in the development of pyrometallurgical processes and technologies for processing spent nuclear fuel and identifies gap areas requiring further development.

This publication addresses relevant aspects of foreign material management for nuclear power plants, including the roles of all stakeholders at various stages during the lifetime of a nuclear power plant. The report shares knowledge on challenges, solutions and good practices based on operating experience. Providing a set of descriptive processes that integrate safety, performance and economic aspects of foreign material management, the publication supports efforts to eliminate or minimize foreign material related incidents, and to ensure reliable and efficient operation and maintenance of nuclear power plants.

This guidance note focuses on economic analysis of greenhouse gas emissions effects of projects in the energy sector. Recommendations seek to make practices consistent across cost-benefit calculations. Reporting of emissions of energy projects outside of economic analysis uses a different point of comparison (a baseline scenario) than does economic analysis (a without project scenario). As economic analysis needs to use a consistent set of scenarios across benefit streams, the note recommends and illustrates the use of a without project scenario for calculating emissions effects in project economic analysis.

Access to reliable electricity is a prerequisite for the economic transformation of economies in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), especially in a digital age. Yet the electricity access rate in the region is often substantially low, households and businesses with access often face unreliable service, and the cost of the service is often among the highest in the world. This situation imposes substantial constraints on economic activities, provision of public services, adoption of new technologies, and quality of life. Much of the focus on how to best provide reliable, affordable, and sustainable electricity service to all has been on mitigating supply-side constraints. However, demand-side constraints may be as important, if not more important. On the supply side, inadequate investments in maintenance result in high technical losses; most state-owned utilities operate at a loss; and power trade, which could significantly lower the cost of electricity, is underdeveloped. On the demand side, the uptake and willingness to pay are often low in many communities, and the consumption levels of those who are connected are limited. Increased uptake and consumption of electricity will encourage investment to improve service reliability and close the access gap. Electricity Access in Sub-Saharan Africa shows that the fundamental problem is poverty and lack of economic opportunities rather than power. The solution lies in understanding that the overarching reasons for the unrealized potential involve tightly intertwined technical, financial, political, and geographic factors. The ultimate goal is to enable households and businesses to gain access to electricity and afford its use, and utilities to recover their cost and make profits. The report makes the case that policy makers need to adopt a more comprehensive and long-term approach to electrification in the region - one centered on the productive use of electricity at affordable rates. Such an approach includes increased public and private investment in infrastructure, expanded access to credit for new businesses, improved access to markets, and additional skills development to translate the potential of expanded and reliable electricity access into substantial economic impact. Enhancing the economic capabilities of communities is the best way to achieve faster and more sustainable development progress while addressing the broad challenges of affordability, low consumption, and financial viability of utilities, as well as ensuring equitable provision between urban and rural areas.

As the push for diversification of energy sources continues, this book provides a toolbox of techniques to enhance top-line as well as bottom-line results by successfully managing capital projects and operations & maintenance trade-offs across the value chain. Built on the foundations laid in Jacoby's previous books Optimal Supply Chain Management in Oil, Gas, and Power Generation and Guide to Supply Chain Management, it offers ground-breaking new ways to tap the power of supply chain management in conventional and emerging energy industries - from the small to the large project, and from solar to nuclear and everything in between. The organization of the book makes it a handy reference resource. It starts with a conceptual framework for value chain and supply chain management in the energy sector, laying out objectives, key business processes, and performance metrics that provide useful guideposts. It offers principles that should guide investments in the energy industry and explains how to organize the supply chain to maximize their results. Chapters on capital project and operations management explain tools and techniques that are relevant to energy value chains broadly speaking. Technology-specific chapters show how these concepts apply to ten energy domains: Hydrogen & Fuel Cells, Energy Storage, Wind, Solar, Biomass, Oil & Gas, Geothermal, Gas and Coal-Fired Power, Hydropower, Nuclear

Meeting the ASEAN's rapid rising energy demand is challenging policymakers while they have tried to balance commitments to global, regional and national agendas on climate change and sustainable energy. Decisive action by the region's policymakers is needed in order to transition and expand energy systems to sustainably and equitably deliver modern energy services. In support of knowledge-sharing among Member States, this publication not only provides an overview of progress towards global SDG 7 targets and regional targets under the ASEAN framework, but also offers a country-by-country review of efforts under each of the major themes.