As in previous issues since 1968, the 2013 Review of Maritime Transport contains a wealth of analysis and unique data. The Review is the renowned United Nations source of statistics and analysis on seaborne trade, the world fleet, freight costs, port traffic and the latest trends in the legal and regulatory environment for international maritime transport. This year's Review includes the 10 year time series of unique data on liner shipping connectivity. Underlining recent research that suggests that containerisation had a stronger impact on driving globalisation than trade liberalisation, the Review discusses global developments in containership deployment, and then looks at trends liner shipping connectivity in Latin America, Africa and Asia.

Road pricing (tolls, etc.) as a means of generating revenue for infrastructure investment has become a major policy option in both Europe and North America. It can also be used as a policy in the management of traffic demand and flow, environmental objectives, and optimal resource allocation as regards the size of investments. Road pricing is assumed to be able to solve many problems simultaneously -- congestion control, pollution reduction, and investment financing. This volume assembles and assesses theoretical knowledge, empirical results and experiences of actual road pricing. In addition, the impact of new information technology on future policy formulation is considered.

This text is directed at researchers, decision makers and students who are interested in the wider economic development impacts of transport.

This volume in the Greenwood Technographies series covers urban mass transit - that is, the technologies that allow cities to move large numbers of people around. Just a few hundred years ago, the size of cities was limited by the time it took people to move from one part of the city to another. The development of successive technologies has forever altered the urban landscape. From horse-drawn omnibuses to subways to current light-rail, this volume highlights the technological and social struggles that have accompanied urbanization and the need for an efficient and cost-effective means of transportation in cities. Urban Mass Transit: The Life Story of a Technology follows the story of transportation in cities through all stages of its history: Urbanization and transit by horsepower The introduction of mechanical power to run cable railways Electrification and the ascendance of the trolley The Rise of the motor vehicle and the decline of the trolley Rapid transit and the revival of mass transportation The volume includes a timeline, a glossary, and a bibliography of resources useful for further research.

Until recently the field of psychology has been a monocultural science in a Euro-American envelope. Profound global changes in social, economic, political, and academic development have resulted in a more multicultural perspective for psychology. The field of psychology is now growing more rapidly outside than inside the U.S. As a result of these changes, multiculturalism adds a dimension to psychodynamic, humanistic, and behavioral psychology as much as the fourth dimension of time adds meaning to three dimensional spaces. The contributors to Multiculturalism as a Fourth Force seek to separate what we know from what we do not yet know about the importance of multiculturalism to these changes in the field of psychology. Topics include cultural diversity within and between societies, multiculturalism and psychotherapy, and culture centered interventions. Each contributor describes the need for multiculturalism in psychology, the difficulties in establishing a multicultural perspective and what has to happen before multiculturalism can claim to be a "Fourth Force" to supplement the other forces for psychology. In addition, the contributors examine the role of culture to the changing field of psychology and provide case examples of this phenomenon. It is the author's hope that by making culture central rather than marginal in the area of psychology, the psychodynamic, behavioral and humanistic theories can become more effective and less culturally biased.

National and European transport models become increasingly important. The broadening of national transport policy from strategic infrastructure investments to infrastructure management strengthens the need for advanced and more policy sensitive tools of analysis. The increase of interregional and international mobility requires forecasting tools that go beyond the urban or regional level. The competition for national infrastructure investments among regions and for Trans-European investments among nations has to be resolved by decisions and decision support systems at the appropriate spatial level. Environmental impacts transcend regional and national boundaries and transport policies affecting these environmental impacts involve all spatial levels. This volume presents the state of the art and prospects of a sample of the most advanced national and European transport models within a comparative framework.

Impassable roads, poorly maintained railways, bankrupt airlines, congested cities, and inefficient ports -- how do these conditions inhibit the economic progress of developing countries? With case material from Latin and central America, Southeast Asia, and Africa, author David Hilling illustrates the differences in transportation strategies and structures between the developed and developing worlds. In examining such projects as inland waterways, ports, railways, roads, and air and urban transportation networks, Hilling emphasizes the relative importance of timing, location, technology, and decision making structures in each case, and then illustrates how these factors contribute to the success or failure of economic development strategies.

With a focus on cargo transportation, this book addresses the development of approaches intended to secure an infrastructure of smart services to support the adaptive implementation of online multi-modal freight transport management processes. It discusses the development of multi-criteria decision-making components and their integration into the multi-layered computer-based information management of intelligent systems. Through detailed descriptions of various components of intelligent transport management systems, the book demonstrates how to develop the services needed in the right place and at the right time, and how to properly adapt to user needs, making necessary interventions to ensure the safety of the transportation process. Further, it describes the main ways to increase the autonomy and efficiency of user-vehicle interaction and shows how Information and Communications Technology (ICT) structural support for current and past situations in AI-based systems can help to anticipate future developments in freight transportation.

It is often stated that new transport infrastructure increases both the number of journeys and their length as well as the attractiveness of different locations for development. To understand this phenomenon, the following questions must be addressed: What part does new transort infrastructure play in changing patterns of development? How should transport infrastructure be funded? What should be the role of the private sector in financing and maintaining transport schemes? How should resources be allocated between different modes? What are the effects of increased accessibility on the competitiveness of an area or a firm. Drawing on international experience and case material, David Bannister and his fellow contributors to "Transport and Urban Dvelopment" explore these and related questions, and the methodological problems involved. The book is divided into two parts. The first deals with the theoretical and empirical issues from economic and spatial viewpoints, while the second comprises a series of transport and development case studies concentrating in turn on rail, air, water and road transport. Each major chapter is supplemented by a shorter commentary designed to develop and i

Cette version revisee est basee sur les evolutions applicables a compter du 1er janvier 2021. Elle contient des dispositions nouvelles ou revisees concernant notamment le transport des systemes de stockage electrique (y compris les batteries au lithium installees dans les unites de transport de marchandises et les batteries defectueuses), les dechets medicaux et les matieres radioactives. La pandemie COVID-19 a entraine une augmentation de la demande de gaz medicaux (en particulier d'oxygene medical), qui, avec les substances infectieuses, dangereuses ou radioactives, sont transportees avec un soin particulier et sont couvertes dans cette edition. L'Accord concernant le transport international des marchandises dangereuses par route (ADR) est un outil important de facilitation des echanges et contribue ainsi a reduire le risque de protectionnisme. Sauf pour les marchandises dangereuses dont le transport est totalement interdit, et sauf lorsque le transport est reglemente ou interdit pour des raisons autres que la securite, le transport international de marchandises dangereuses par route est autorise par l'ADR sur les territoires des Parties contractantes, a condition que les dispositions de l'accord sont respectes. En tant que partie contractante, pendant la periode de transition et post-Brexit, le Royaume-Uni continuera d'appliquer les exigences ADR. This revised version is based on changes applicable from 1 January 2021. It contains new or revised provisions concerning in particular the transport of electrical storage systems (including lithium batteries installed in goods transport units and defective batteries), medical waste and radioactive materials. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in demand for medical gases (particularly medical oxygen), which, along with infectious, hazardous or radioactive substances are being transported with special care and are covered in this edition. The Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR) is an important trade facilitation tool and thus helps reduce the risk of protectionism. Except for dangerous goods which are totally prohibited for transport, and except when transport is regulated or prohibited for reasons other than safety, the international transport of dangerous goods by road is authorized by ADR in the territories of the Contracting Parties, provided that the provisions of the agreement are respected. As a Contracting Party, during the transitional and post-Brexit period, the United Kingdom will continue to apply ADR requirements.

From theme parks and museums to zoos and aquariums, attractions draw millions of visitors each year. Regardless of type, they all share one common denominator - they are intended to provide visitors with memorable experiences. This book offers information about how to promote and market tourism attractions for maximum results. It looks at different approaches, strategies, tools, and techniques marketers can use when promoting their organizations to the public. Topics include advertising and marketing; media relations; social media marketing; sales promotion and merchandising; special events; guest relations and customer service; employee relations; crisis communications; and social responsibility and sustainability. In addition, it includes a variety of examples from attractions that have implemented successful promotion and marketing activities. Whether in the form of a news story, television commercial, brochure, website, Facebook posting, or special event, promotion and marketing have the potential to show customers the possibilities that await them. This book addresses the many different ways to reach this potential. It explains how to make the most of promotion and marketing to bring people into an attraction and keep them coming back for more. Attracting Attention offers valuable information for practitioners and for students enrolled in tourism, hospitality management, marketing, and communications programs. It is a handy resource for those working for attractions and tourism-related organizations.

The past decade has seen both some new trends in the economics of transportation and the reinforcement of work from previous periods. Econometrics and innovative programming techniques have developed the work on production efficiency and interest in demand analysis has continued. Of increasing importance in recent years are the environmental implications of transportation as well as safety and security concerns. Economists are also addressing the problems of congestion with particular regard to new policy initiatives which tie transportation more closely to land-use patterns and telecommunications. In this volume Kenneth Button brings together some of the most significant previously published articles by leading academics in all these crucial areas.

Data analytics underpin our modern data-driven economy. This textbook explains the relevance of data analytics at the firm and industry levels, tracing the evolution and key components of the field, and showing how data analytics insights can be leveraged for business results. The first section of the text covers key topics such as data analytics tools, data mining, business intelligence, customer relationship management, and cybersecurity. The chapters then take an industry focus, exploring how data analytics can be used in particular settings to strengthen business decision-making. A range of sectors are examined, including financial services, accounting, marketing, sport, health care, retail, transport, and education. With industry case studies, clear definitions of terminology, and no background knowledge required, this text supports students in gaining a solid understanding of data analytics and its practical applications. PowerPoint slides, a test bank of questions, and an instructor's manual are also provided as online supplements. This will be a valuable text for undergraduate level courses in data analytics, data mining, business intelligence, and related areas.

The core of ths book presents a theory developed by the author to combine the recent insight into empirical data with mathematical models in freeway traffic research based on dynamical non-linear processes.

The American public has a fascination with railroad wrecks that goes back a long way. One hundred years ago, staged railroad accidents were popular events. At the Iowa State fair in 1896, 89,000 people paid $20 each, at current prices, to see two trains, throttles wide open, collide with each other. "Head-on Joe" Connolly made a business out of "cornfield meets" holding seventy-three events in thirty-six years. Picture books of train wrecks do good business presumably because a train wreck can guarantee a spectacular destruction of property without the messy loss of life associated with aircraft accidents. A "train wreck" has also entered the popular vocabulary in a most unusual way. When political manoeuvering leads to failure to pass the federal budget, and a shutdown is likely of government services, this is widely called a "train wreck. " In business and team sports, bumbling and lack of coordination leading to a spectacular and public failure to perform is also called "causing a train wreck. " A person or organization who is disorganized may be labelled a "train wreck. " It is therefore not surprising that the public perception of the safety of railroads centers on images of twisted metal and burning tank cars, and a general feeling that these events occur quite often. After a series of railroad accidents, such as occurred in the winter of 1996 or the summer of 1997, there are inevitable calls that government "should do something.

The book takes the inventory control perspective to tackle empty container repositioning logistics problems in regional transportation systems by explicitly considering the features such as demand imbalance over space, dynamic operations over time, uncertainty in demand and transport, and container leasing phenomenon. The book has the following unique features. First, it provides a discussion of broad empty equipment logistics including empty freight vehicle redistribution, empty passenger vehicle redistribution, empty bike repositioning, empty container chassis repositioning, and empty container repositioning (ECR) problems. The similarity and unique characteristics of ECR compared to other empty equipment repositioning problems are explained. Second, we adopt the stochastic dynamic programming approach to tackle the ECR problems, which offers an algorithmic strategy to characterize the optimal policy and captures the sequential decision-making phenomenon in anticipation of uncertainties over time and space. Third, we are able to establish closed-form solutions and structural properties of the optimal ECR policies in relatively simple transportation systems. Such properties can then be utilized to construct threshold-type ECR policies for more complicated transportation systems. In fact, the threshold-type ECR policies resemble the well-known (s, S) and (s, Q) policies in inventory control theory. These policies have the advantages of being decentralized, easy to understand, easy to operate, quick response to random events, and minimal on-line computation and communication. Fourth, several sophisticated optimization techniques such as approximate dynamic programming, simulation-based meta-heuristics, stochastic approximation, perturbation analysis, and ordinal optimization methods are introduced to solve the complex stochastic optimization problems. The book will be of interest to researchers and professionals in logistics, transport, supply chain, and operations research.

Women play an essential role in the transport workforce worldwide, working in formal and informal jobs in public transport, road freight and logistics, rail, maritime and aviation sectors, in ports and in active travel. Women, Work and Transport is an international collection that brings together researchers with global expertise in gender and transport work to provide original evidence of the experiences of women working in all transport modes across countries in the Global North and the Global South. The 21 chapters reveal the everyday challenges faced by women working in highly masculinised environments, including gender stereotypes about women's lack of suitability for transport work, gender-based violence and harassment, limited opportunities for promotion and progression, inflexible work patterns, poor working conditions, and lack of gender-specific facilities. The transport sector has also been severely affected by the coronavirus pandemic, resulting in widespread furlough and redundancies. The effect of the pandemic on women's work in transport is addressed, while other chapters also reveal how women have succeeded in transport occupations, with the support of mentoring schemes, leadership programmes and trade unions, highlighting new emerging opportunities to challenge occupational gender segregation as the transport sector transforms through automation, digitisation, and the transition to low-carbon technologies. The Transport and Sustainability series addresses the important nexus between transport and sustainability containing volumes dealing with a wide range of issues relating to transport, its impact in economic, social and environmental spheres, and its interaction with other policy sectors.

This book, is the result of my studies, which use the dynamic Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP, GDyn) simulations for exploring impacts of international trade on logistics services. As the demand for logistics depends mostly on the volume of trade and trade patterns, international trade affects the transport and logistics, as it might generate a higher or lower demand for transport and logistics services in long-term. This book consists of two parts and five chapters. First part of the book shortly introduces you to the general concepts of the computable general equilibrium models (CGE) and presents you fundamentals of a dynamic general equilibrium models. In each chapter of the last part, two short articles that simulate various scenarios are presented. Each chapter of this book is independent of each other. I hope you will find this book informative, beneficial and appropriate for your needs.

This book is the result of my studies, which use the Global Trade Analysis Project (GTAP) simulations for exploring impacts of international trade on logistics services. Because, demand for logistics depends mostly on the volume of trade and trade patterns, international trade affects the transport and logistics, as it might generate a higher or lower demand for transport and logistics services. This book consists of two parts and seven chapters. First part of the book shortly introduces you to the general concepts of the computable general equilibrium models (CGE) and presents you fundamentals of a CGE model. In each chapter of the last part, short articles that include various simulations based on various scenarios are presented. Each chapter of this book is independent of each other. I hope you will find this book informative, beneficial and appropriate for your needs.

This book comes out from the materials I used to refer while doing my research on the optimization issues in logistics. I brought together some of these materials to form a guidance material on the fundamentals of the optimization concepts along with my own studies on the application of optimization methods. This book consists of two parts and six chapters. The first part of the book, which consists of three chapters, is about introduction to optimization with typical base problems and algorithms for solving problems. The second part of this book consists of three my own researches on the application of optimization methods. Each chapter in this book is independent of each other. I hope you will find this book useful, informative, beneficial and appropriate for your needs.

Recommandations relatives au transport des marchandises dangereuses des Nations Unies, et pour classer les produits chimiques qui presentent des dangers physiques conformement au Systeme general harmonise de classification et d'etiquetage des produits chimiques (SGH). En consequence, il complete egalement les reglements nationaux et internationaux qui ont ete etablis sur la base des Recommandations relatives au transport des marchandises dangereuses ou du SGH.

"Transportation Economics" explores the efficient use of society's scarce resources for the movement of people and goods. This book carefully examines transportation markets and standard economic tools, how these resources are used, and how the allocation of society resources affects transportation activities.

This textbook is unique in that it uses a detailed analysis of econometric results from current transportation literature to provide an integrated collection of theory and application. Its numerous case studies illustrate the economic principles, discuss testable hypotheses, analyze econometric results, and examine each study's implications for public policy. These features make this a well-developed introduction to the foundations of transportation economics.

Additional case studies on a spectrum of domestic and international transportation topics available at http: //www.blackwellpublishers.co.uk/mccarthy in order to keep students abreast of recent developments in the field and their implications for public policy.

The paperback edition of this book is not available from Blackwell in the US or Canda.