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Books > Business & Economics > Industry & industrial studies > Transport industries > General
"This book provides a rigorous and comprehensive coverage of transportation models and planning methods and is a must-have to anyone in the transportation community, including students, teachers, and practitioners." Moshe Ben-Akiva, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
The aim of the book is to present the emerging environmental issues
in organization and management of transport logistics. The scope of
the book includes set of solutions which show different
stakeholders' viewpoints on sustainability. It points out how the
transport operations organized and conducted in companies and
regions might be consistent with the concept of sustainable
development. The scope of the book takes into consideration
trade-off relations between actors directly and indirectly involved
in transport networks. Therefore, the authors present, in
individual chapters, innovative approach to eco-friendly
organization and coordination of transport processes, as well as
management of transport networks.
This 32 volume set reissues key out-of-print titles that will prove invaluable in understanding the current resurgence of economic nationalism. Covering all aspects of international trade policy, and focusing particularly on tariffs and protectionism, this set will be invaluable to the modern student.
The rule of the road--the simple requirement that traffic keep either to the left or to the right--has a history long antedating the appearance of the automobile. This volume, the first book-length treatment of the subject, discusses the origins and history of the rule of the road and provides complete information on current practice throughout the world. A well-written account of a universal arrangement that has largely gone unnoticed by scholars, this book fills a gap in scholarship on the history of transportation.
Trans-European networks (TENs) are a key theme in the process of integration for the EU as it enters the next millennium. The attainment of these networks stretches across many different areas of European policy and economy. The development of TENs is about establishing a series of infrastructure networks that complement the broad changes in the European economy facilitated by the development of the Single European Market. The book examines the development of TENs in the three key sectors: transport, energy and telecommunications, noting key themes and issues that need to be faced in their attainment. Attention is also paid to common problems in their realisation most notably the financing problems. The EU's strategy to develop these networks is essentially market-led yet, as the financing issues indicate, a consensus between the states in allowing commercial investment in infrastructure is proving elusive.
When solving real-life engineering problems, linguistic information is often encountered that is frequently hard to quantify using "classical" mathematical techniques. This linguistic information represents subjective knowledge. Through the assumptions made by the analyst when forming the mathematical model, the linguistic information is often ignored. On the other hand, a wide range of traffic and transportation engineering parameters are characterized by uncertainty, subjectivity, imprecision, and ambiguity. Human operators, dispatchers, drivers, and passengers use this subjective knowledge or linguistic information on a daily basis when making decisions. Decisions about route choice, mode of transportation, most suitable departure time, or dispatching trucks are made by drivers, passengers, or dispatchers. In each case the decision maker is a human. The environment in which a human expert (human controller) makes decisions is most often complex, making it difficult to formulate a suitable mathematical model. Thus, the development of fuzzy logic systems seems justified in such situations. In certain situations we accept linguistic information much more easily than numerical information. In the same vein, we are perfectly capable of accepting approximate numerical values and making decisions based on them. In a great number of cases we use approximate numerical values exclusively. It should be emphasized that the subjective estimates of different traffic parameters differs from dispatcher to dispatcher, driver to driver, and passenger to passenger.
This book contains selected peer-reviewed papers that were presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Transportation Network Reliability (INSTR) Conference held at the University of Minnesota July 22-23, 2010. International scholars, from a variety of disciplines--engineering, economics, geography, planning and transportation-offer varying perspectives on modeling and analysis of the reliability of transportation networks in order to illustrate both vulnerability to day-to-day and unpredictability variability and risk in travel, and demonstrates strategies for addressing those issues. The scope of the chapters includes all aspects of analysis and design to improve network reliability, specifically user perception of unreliability of public transport, public policy and reliability of travel times, the valuation and economics of reliability, network reliability modeling and estimation, travel behavior and vehicle routing under uncertainty, and risk evaluation and management for transportation networks. The book combines new methodologies and state of the art practice to model and address questions of network unreliability, making it of interest to both academics in transportation and engineering as well as policy-makers and practitioners.
Transport has become a major concern on both social and economic grounds in the late-twentieth century. This concern arises from a perception of the industry's failure to respond to the rapid growth in demand and to the threat of congestion and environmental pollution. A solution has been sought in economic policies dominated by ideas of liberalization and deregulation. This volume moves the debate an important step further by pointing out that the argument is not simply one of regulation as opposed to deregulation, but between different degrees and forms of regulation. It also analyses the effects of regulation through the study of how the modes of transport adjust to the changing regulatory environment. This collection of original essays is written by a prestigious group of contributors and draws on economics, sociology, planning, political science and industrial relations. They focus on both a national and international perspective, including contributions analyzing urban transport, railways, shipping, ports and aviation. This work offers a timely and comprehensive assessment of the extent of changes in transport regulatory policies. It casts specific doubt on much of the perceived wisdom on deregulation. These are clearly written and richly informed studies which will stimulate and enlighten both students and scholars of regulation, as well as the lay reader with an interest in transport.
Tracing the antecedents and the creation of the U.S. Department of Transportation, this work assesses its role in both the control of transportation and the encouragement of big businesses in the industry. The U.S. government has struggled for over a century with the complex issue of transportation regulation. The prevailing view from the 1880s until recently was to consider private transportation a public utility, which led to the creation of the DOT in 1966. This work covers much of the regulation/deregulation debates from Hoover to the Nixon presidencies, and focuses on the bipartisan crescendo for deregulation led by Gerald Ford and Edward Kennedy. Whitnah also analyzes the heated debate over airline deregulation that resumed in the Carter years and continues to have an impact today.
Transportation in urban areas, with its related environmental and social impacts, is of significant concern for government policymakers and for the urban citizens who need efficient transport systems. This book presents extensive reviews of these systems to devise and then safeguard their operational use, maintenance, safety and security. The continuing requirement for better and more efficient urban transport systems and the need for a healthier environment has added to the increasing international desire for new technologies and developments in this essential field. The variety of topics covered reflects the complex interaction of urban transport systems with their environment and the need to establish integrated strategies.
Transportation networks are essential to the functioning of societies and economies and provide the infrastructure for the movement of people and goods over space and time. The existence and utilization of transportation networks are fundamental to the modern age and the negative effects of congestion and pollution associated with their increasing usage demand urgent attention.This book cogently addresses the question as to whether transportation networks are sustainable: that is, can they last, given the growing demands on the network, on the one hand, and the desire to alleviate the associated negative impacts, on the other. Anna Nagurney answers the question positively by providing a rigorous foundation for the formulation, analysis, and computation of solutions to such problems through the use of appropriate policies ranging from tolls and tradable pollution permits to the design of the networks themselves. Sustainable Transportation Networks will be of great value to students, researchers, and practitioners of transportation studies, environmental economics, regional science, and urban planning.
This report, first published in 1985, written by a distinguished group of legal and public policy experts, documents the growing trade in hazardous industries and toxic products. Hazard export threatens the health and environment of workers and ordinary citizens the world over. It is carried out by transnational corporations, in order to locate their most dangerous industrial activities outside the US, in countries where regulatory controls may be less strict. The issues represented here include occupational safety, environmental protection, international relations and problems of legal control. Attention is focused on the political and economic impact of hazard export on the US, Europe and developing countries, and the book's critical analysis is addressed directly to the institutional level best suited to constructive action. This title will be of interest to students of business studies.
Notes on the Contributors - Editor's Preface - A German Centenary in 1986, a French in 1995 or the Real Beginnings about 1905; T.Barker - The Beginnings of the Automobile in Germany; O.Nibel - The Motor Vehicle and the Revolution in Road Transport: The American Experience; J.B.Rae - The Early Growth of Long-distance Bus Transport in the United States; M.Walsh - Diesel Trucks and Buses: Their Gradual Spread in the United States; J.M.Laux - The Automobile and the City in the American South; D.R.Goldfield and B.A.Brownell - Some Economic and Social Effects of Motor Vehicles in France Since 1890; P.Fridenson - Why Did the Pioneer Fall Behind? Motorization in Germany Between the Wars; F.Blaich - Motorization on the New Frontier: the Case of Saskatchewan, Canada, 1906-34; G.T.Bloomfield - The Internal Combustion Engine and the Revolution in Transport: the Case of Czechoslovakia with some European Comparisons; J.Purs - Japan: the Late Starter who Outpaced all her Rivals; K.Shimokawa - Motor Transport in a Developing Area: Zaire, 1903-59; E.S.Tsund'olela - Motor Transport in a Developing Area: Soviet Central Asia; M.A.Akhunova, J.S.Borisov and B.A.Tulepbaev - Death on the Roads: Changing National Responses to Motor Accidents; J.Foreman-Peck - Advances in Road Construction Technology in France; D.Barjot - Index
Urban freight transport has become an important issue in urban
planning. There are many challenges and problems relating to
increasing levels of traffic congestion, environmental impacts and
energy consumption. City logistics schemes are relatively new
concepts that are aimed at increasing the efficiency of urban
freight transport systems as well as reducing traffic congestion
and impacts on the environment. However, new modelling, evaluation
and planning techniques are required to conduct in-depth
investigations before city logistics measures can be effectively
deployed. This book, Logistics Systems for Sustainable Cities, is an
outcome of the Third International Conference on City Logistics
(City Logistics III held in Madeira in 2003) organised by the
Institute for City Logistics (www.citylogistics.org). It includes
recent developments in the modelling, evaluation and planning of
city logistics schemes. Since city logistics measures have already
been implemented in several cities, a review of the performance of
these innovative schemes is presented. As well, an overview of the
visions for city logistics and public private partnerships for city
logistics is given. A summary of the OECD report, Delivering the
Goods ??? 21st Century Challenges for Urban Goods Transport, is
included. Recent developments in e-Commerce and e-Logistics are
covered. The cover shows the beautiful Madeira Island, Portugal where the Third International Conference on City Logistics was held.
The technological developments as well as urban future of an information age where the development of ICT sets the pace and options is explored in this book. The text examines the current state of daily travelling, and highlights the achievable impact and acceptability of transport policy measures. Freight transport is discussed from an industry viewpoint. In addition, the text presents various innovative approaches to rearranging current freight transport networks. Methods to evaluate the societal consensus related to the spatial development - linked to transport infrastructures - are also described. Still further, the text discuses methods for assessing spatial planning policies.
Transport policy has dramatically changed over the last ten years with major regulatory reforms and privatisation of transport enterprises. Part 1 presents an authoritative statement of the theoretical arguments for and against regulatory reform, the changing political scene in North America and the different mechanisms that can be used to return state-owned monopolies to the private sector. Part 2 presents the empirical evidence on ten years of airline deregulation in the United States and this review is matched by an assessment of the different situation in Europe where national governments are under pressure to follow the same path.
Microsystems are an important success factor in the automobile industry. In order to fulfil the customers requests for safety convenience and vehicle economy, and to satisfy environmental requirements, microsystems are becoming indispensable. Thus a large number of microsystem applications came into the discussion. With the international conference AMAA 2002, VDI/VDE-IT provides a platform for the discussion of all MST relevant components for automotive applications. The conference proceedings gather the papers by authors from automobile suppliers and manufacturers.
In June 2017, Travis Kalanick, the CEO of Uber, was ousted in a boardroom coup that capped a brutal year for the transportation giant. Uber had catapulted to the top of the tech world, yet for many came to symbolise everything wrong with Silicon Valley. In the tradition of Brad Stone's Everything Store and John Carreyrou's Bad Blood, award-winning investigative reporter Mike Isaac's Super Pumped delivers a gripping account of Uber's rapid rise, its pitched battles with taxi unions and drivers, the company's toxic internal culture and the bare-knuckle tactics it devised to overcome obstacles in its quest for dominance. Based on hundreds of interviews with current and former Uber employees, along with previously unpublished documents, Super Pumped is a page-turning story of ambition and deception, obscene wealth and bad behaviour, that explores how blistering technological and financial innovation culminated in one of the most catastrophic twelve-month periods in American corporate history.
Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) are expected to add considerable productivity to existing transportation infrastructure and to therefore partially reduce the need for more physical infrastructure such as additional lanes of roadway. But there are huge barriers to achieving this vision ranging from the technical to the institutional. In this book a new outcome oriented methodology is developed and applied to a diverse set of ITS case studies in an effort to gain insight into the barriers to deployment. The case studies, most from the National Capital Region (Washington) in the US, include but are not limited to evaluation of electronic tolling, truck roll over warning systems, Advanced Traffic Information Systems (ATIS), variable message signs (VMS), ITS enhanced emergency management systems and ITS bridge operations. The evaluation methodology bears similarity to the benefit/cost balance sheet approach. Full cost (benefit) assessment is adopted with multiple externalities (environment, economic development, social equity issues, etc.) formally included in each of the individual evaluations. Transportation policymakers as well as scholars and students of economic, public policy and political science will find this study useful and informative.
Panels for Transportation Planning argues that panels - repeated measurements on the same sets of households or individuals over time - can more effectively capture dynamic changes in travel behavior, and the factors which underlie these changes, than can conventional cross-sectional surveys. Because panels can collect information on household attributes, attitudes and perceptions, residential and employment choices, travel behavior and other variables - and then can collect information on changes in these variables over time - they help us to understand how and why people choose to travel as they do, and how and why these choices are likely to evolve in the future. This book is designed for a wide audience: survey researchers who seek information on methodological advancements and applications; transportation planners who want an improved understanding of dynamic changes in travel behavior; and instructors of graduate courses in urban and transportation planning, research methods, economics, sociology, and public policy. Each chapter has been prepared to stand alone to illustrate a particular theme or application. The book is divided into topical parts which address the most salient issues in the use of panels for transportation planning: panels as evaluation tools, regional planning applications, accounting for response bias, and modeling and forecasting issues. These parts describe panel applications in the US, Australia, Great Britain, Japan, and the Netherlands. Each chapter is supplemented by extensive references; more than 400 studies, reflecting the work of more than 700 authors, are cited in the text.
This edited monograph collects theoretical, empirical and political contributions from different fields, focusing on the commercial launch of electric mobility, and intending to shed more light on the complexity of supply and demand. It is an ongoing discussion, both in the public as well as in academia, whether or not electric mobility is capable of gaining a considerable market share in the near future. The target audience primarily comprises researchers and practitioners in the field, but the book may also be beneficial for graduate students.
Each chapter in Equilibrium and Advanced Transportation Modelling develops a topic from basic concepts to the state-of-the-art, and beyond. All chapters relate to aspects of network equilibrium. Chapter One advocates the use of simulation models for the representation of traffic flow movements at the microscopic level. Chapter Two presents travel demand systems for generating trip matrices from activity-based models, taking into account the entire daily schedule of network users. Chapter Three examines equilibrium strategic choices adopted by the passengers of a congested transit system, carefully addressing line selection at boarding and transfer nodes. Chapter Four provides a critical appraisal of the traditional process that consists in sequentially performing the tasks of trip generation, trip distribution, mode split and assignment, and its impact on the practice of transportation planning. Chapter Five gives an insightful overview of stochastic assignment models, both in the static and dynamic cases. Chapters Six and Seven investigate the setting of tolls to improve traffic flow conditions in a congested transportation network. Chapter Eight provides a unifying framework for the analysis of multicriteria assignment models. In this chapter, available algorithms are summarized and an econometric perspective on the estimation of heterogeneous preferences is given. Chapter Nine surveys the use of hyperpaths in operations research and proposes a new paradigm of equilibrium in a capacitated network, with an application to transit assignment. Chapter Ten analyzes the transient states of a system moving towards equilibrium, using the mathematical framework of projected dynamical systems. Chapter Eleven discusses an in-depth survey of algorithms for solving shortest path problems, which are pervasive to any equilibrium algorithm. The chapter devotes special attention to the computation of dynamic shortest paths and to shortest hyperpaths. The final chapter considers operations research tools for reducing traffic congestion, in particular introducing an algorithm for solving a signal-setting problem formulated as a bilevel program.
"Economics at the Wheel" is about cars and driving, and all the problems that cars and drivers create for America. It explains actual government policy intended to reduce the damage cars and drivers do to us, and it explains why these government policies are almost all failures because they attack the wrong problem or attack it in the wrong way. The reader will come away with a much fuller understanding of air pollution, global warming, highway safety, auto insurance, gasoline taxation, rush-hour congestion, leaking underground storage tanks, and many other auto-related issues. It looks at common actions and circumstances from an economics perspective. It is readable with accessible prose style and few footnotes. It includes questions to provoke student thinking and boxed sections of side materials to stimulate discussions. |
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