In recent years, transportation research has seen a gradual shift from trip-based, via tour-based to activity-based models, in an effort to capture the true complexity of travel behaviour. This volume reflects an eventful decade of development and application of activity-based models. In three extensive sections, it: reviews a range of approaches to incorporating increased complexity in models; discusses how to obtain the rich data necessary to support complex models; and reports on real applications in action. This is an essential reading for any researcher or practitioner wishing to keep abreast of this key area of transportation research.

When the Clyde Ran Red paints a vivid picture of the heady days when revolution was in the air on Clydeside. Through the bitter strike at the huge Singer Sewing machine plant in Clydebank in 1911, Bloody Friday in Glasgow's George Square in 1919, the General Strike of 1926 and on through the Spanish Civil War to the Clydebank Blitz of 1941, the people fought for the right to work, the dignity of labour and a fairer society for everyone. They did so in a Glasgow where overcrowded tenements stood no distance from elegant tea rooms, art galleries, glittering picture palaces and dance halls. Red Clydeside was also home to Charles Rennie Mackintosh, the Glasgow Style and magnificent exhibitions showcasing the wonders of the age. Political idealism and artistic creativity were matched by industrial endeavor: the Clyde built many of the greatest ships that ever sailed, and Glasgow locomotives pulled trains on every continent on earth. In this book Maggie Craig puts the politics into the social context of the times and tells the story with verve, warmth and humour.

America's future depends on a vibrant highway system capable of supporting industry and the travel needs of its citizens. The country's highway system can trace its roots to the movements of major armies in colonial times, such as British General Braddock using George Washington's assistance in a disastrous attack of French forces defending Ft. Duquesne. These early roads developed into the engineering marvels of today's modern highway system. But this system is in serious trouble. Inadequate funding and poor management are responsible for its gradual deterioration, and along with it, the U.S. economy. A broad range of solutions can solve this problem, some of which involve transforming public transportation agencies into privately operated utilities. Many of these exciting solutions also offer the potential to solve America's funding problems. This book is must-reading for anyone concerned with America's future, as it shows us The Road Ahead... About the Author: Philip Tarnoff received an electrical engineering degree from Carnegie Mellon University and a master's degree from New York University. He is retired from his most recent full-time job as director of a research center at the University of Maryland. Tarnoff was the president of a major transportation systems integrator and is currently working part-time as a consultant. He is also chairman of the board of a start-up company that produces devices for measuring traffic flow. He lives in Rockville, Maryland http: //SBPRA.com/PhilipTarnoff

Financing European Transport Infrastructure examines organisational arrangements for planning and financing transport infrastructure in Western Europe. It covers all modes of transport - road, rail, sea, air, urban, and inland waterways - and asks why their financing arrangements are so different. It looks at the division of responsibilities between central and local government, and the growing role of autonomous public bodies, the European Commission and private finance. It examines the consequences of investment failing to keep up with demand - in congestion, environmental damage and slower growth - and the impact of new approaches, including public-private partnerships.

Urban Transport Development is a contribution to the ongoing global discussion on the future of urban transport. The main themes are how to cope with the complexity of urban transport development and the process of change including its determining factors. The role of leadership in the development process is the key issue. Main areas of discussion are the historical background, the diversity and complexity of present problems, and the outcome of attempts to promote positive future development in urban environments around the world.

Transport has remained high on the British political agenda as gridlock on the roads and the aftershocks of rail privatization have forced continual modifications and developments in the approach of the Labour government, which came to office in 1997, and pledged to establish an integrated transport policy. This comprehensively revised and updated new edition of the leading text in the field provides full coverage of the historical, political and European context of British transport policy, of the new financial and regulatory regimes of the Twenty-first century and of the impact of such major new initiatives as London's congestion charge.

Motor vehicle accidents are still a leading cause of death, even if the trend has somewhat declined over the past 20 years. Indeed, motor vehicle accidents are a significant cause of death in comparison with air and space transport accidents, homicides and even HIV infections, causes which are more often highlighted in the media. As shown in this book, motor vehicle accidents are particularly damaging to very young drivers. The assessment of driving risks is a common concern for road transportation safety and the automobile insurance industry. In both cases, there is an awareness of the great losses resulting from the deaths, injuries and property damage caused by traffic accidents. Research is essential to counteract this public health threat, to assess the success or failure of countermeasures, and to solve the problems it generates in the insurance industry. This book is for people concerned about road crashes (prevention and compensation) and about the insurance problems they pose - namely private and public institutional authorities, consultants, administrators, practitioners, and researchers interested in sharing the authors' experience in this domain. The book presents original contributions related to motor vehicle insurance and road safety. All papers have been evaluated by external referees. Four subjects are covered: 1) Automobile Insurance Pricing, Risks and Asymmetric Information; 2) Insurance Fraud; 3) Young Drivers: Licensing Policies, Evaluation and Risks; and 4) Road Insurance Regulation.

Here's a complete, up-to-date survey of modern transportation systems. It provides the 30-point framework underlying most major transportation systems, and it closely examines current and emergent activity to improve both freight and passenger transportation.

Using the 30-point framework as a guide, transportation professionals can more effectively analyze existing and proposed systems. Plus, the book clearly explains ITS concepts and gives some perspectives of ITS' future. Featuring an extensive explanation of common transportation systems, this book helps you understand the needs of the customer of transportation services, how those needs shape decision-making, and the complex relationships among transportation technologies, systems, and institutions. Using this guide helps you design transportation systems and programs based on a strong fundamental understanding of how current systems work and the key issues impacting them.

After several decades of research, practice, intervention, and instruction, traffic psychology is in need of a summary work outlining the main trends in the discipline. Traffic Psychology Today provides a theoretical basis of the topic, a summary of the acquired research in the field, practical applications for government planners, and a critical discussion of future trends. Through a series of chapters contributed by an international group of researchers under the general editorship of Pierre Barjonet, Traffic Psychology Today comprehensively synthesizes thinking in the psychology of traffic from its inception in the mid 1950s through the present day.

The lack of access to transportation among low-income groups is increasingly being recognised as a barrier to employment and social inclusion both in Britain and the United States. However, 'transport poverty', and its links with wider welfare objectives, is poorly understood. This groundbreaking book looks at the delivery of transport from a social policy perspective to assist in a better understanding of this issue. Running on empty: argues that past failure to address fundamental inequalities in the ability of low-income households to access adequate transport has undermined effective delivery of welfare policies in the US and UK; describes the new policies and initiatives being developed to address this oversight; outlines the case for including transport as an area of social policy inquiry, identifying key factors; uses case study examples of practical initiatives from both sides of the Atlantic to draw lessons for future policy and practice. The book is aimed at students, researchers, policy-makers and practitioners with an interest in understanding the social effects of transport policy. The comparison between US and UK policy and practice adds an important new dimension to those familiar with the subject, while its easy-to-read format and well-illustrated case study examples make it an ideal first text for newcomers to the field.

"This book provides a rigorous and comprehensive coverage of transportation models and planning methods and is a must-have to anyone in the transportation community, including students, teachers, and practitioners." Moshe Ben-Akiva, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

The aim of the book is to present the emerging environmental issues in organization and management of transport logistics. The scope of the book includes set of solutions which show different stakeholders' viewpoints on sustainability. It points out how the transport operations organized and conducted in companies and regions might be consistent with the concept of sustainable development. The scope of the book takes into consideration trade-off relations between actors directly and indirectly involved in transport networks. Therefore, the authors present, in individual chapters, innovative approach to eco-friendly organization and coordination of transport processes, as well as management of transport networks.

This volume presents a balanced and representative overview of the major developments and trends in Traffic and Transport Psychology.

Traffic and Transport Psychology covers and enormously diverse field with many different theoretical and methodological approaches. Driver behaviour theories are, as yet, fragmented. Some theories focus on performance aspects, some on risk management and some on the social context. The first part of the book presents arguments for integrated models, for alternative paradigms and for a blatant atheoretical approach to driver behaviour. In addition, two chapters are devoted to novel methodological approaches to studying driver behaviour.

In the second part, driver performance is the central issue, centred around three themes: perception, cognition and workload.

The third part deals with social factors. It reflects the considerable development that has been made in recent years in the area of attitude measurment and the effect of attitude components and factors reflecting individual differences such as sensation-seeking on driver behaviour and, in particular, on drivers' willingness to take risks and commit traffic law violations.

In the last part, current developments are discussed in relation to applications to enhance safety.

Above all, this volume reflects the enormous growth and development that has occurred in Traffic and Transport Psychology in recent years. While it has been repeatedly demonstrated that the driver is the critical link in accident causation, it is only recently that this is translated, at least in some countries, into an awareness that effective accident countermeasures can no longer ignore theperceptual and cognitive capabilities, attitudes and social fators that govern driver behaviour. It is hoped that the contents of this book will contribute to a more humane traffic and transport system.

The rule of the road--the simple requirement that traffic keep either to the left or to the right--has a history long antedating the appearance of the automobile. This volume, the first book-length treatment of the subject, discusses the origins and history of the rule of the road and provides complete information on current practice throughout the world. A well-written account of a universal arrangement that has largely gone unnoticed by scholars, this book fills a gap in scholarship on the history of transportation.

Trans-European networks (TENs) are a key theme in the process of integration for the EU as it enters the next millennium. The attainment of these networks stretches across many different areas of European policy and economy. The development of TENs is about establishing a series of infrastructure networks that complement the broad changes in the European economy facilitated by the development of the Single European Market. The book examines the development of TENs in the three key sectors: transport, energy and telecommunications, noting key themes and issues that need to be faced in their attainment. Attention is also paid to common problems in their realisation most notably the financing problems. The EU's strategy to develop these networks is essentially market-led yet, as the financing issues indicate, a consensus between the states in allowing commercial investment in infrastructure is proving elusive.

This volume addresses key contemporary aspects in cycling policy, practice and research. Cycling has seen a sharp increase in scientific and policy attention in the past decade. The amount of research has surged over the past couple decades. Also, levels of cycling have increased substantially in many countries and cities, and many areas have seen increases in infrastructure investments. In addition, the last decade has seen innovations in bicycle technology, in particularly the rise of electric-assist (e-bikes) and dock-less bike sharing schemes. This volume reviews the state of the art on cycling from various angles. As such it explores planners' (engineers', policy makers') provisions for cycling, of cyclists' (and non-cyclists') travel behaviour, and resulting consequences for individuals and society. One focus is on demand-side aspects, including the use of bicycles and their users including patterns and trends in cycling, determinants of cycling, and modelling of cycling. Another focus is on impacts of cycling, such as emissions, safety aspects, as well as changes during the COVID pandemic.

When solving real-life engineering problems, linguistic information is often encountered that is frequently hard to quantify using "classical" mathematical techniques. This linguistic information represents subjective knowledge. Through the assumptions made by the analyst when forming the mathematical model, the linguistic information is often ignored. On the other hand, a wide range of traffic and transportation engineering parameters are characterized by uncertainty, subjectivity, imprecision, and ambiguity. Human operators, dispatchers, drivers, and passengers use this subjective knowledge or linguistic information on a daily basis when making decisions. Decisions about route choice, mode of transportation, most suitable departure time, or dispatching trucks are made by drivers, passengers, or dispatchers. In each case the decision maker is a human. The environment in which a human expert (human controller) makes decisions is most often complex, making it difficult to formulate a suitable mathematical model. Thus, the development of fuzzy logic systems seems justified in such situations. In certain situations we accept linguistic information much more easily than numerical information. In the same vein, we are perfectly capable of accepting approximate numerical values and making decisions based on them. In a great number of cases we use approximate numerical values exclusively. It should be emphasized that the subjective estimates of different traffic parameters differs from dispatcher to dispatcher, driver to driver, and passenger to passenger.

Transportation in urban areas, with its related environmental and social impacts, is of significant concern for government policymakers and for the urban citizens who need efficient transport systems. This book presents extensive reviews of these systems to devise and then safeguard their operational use, maintenance, safety and security. The continuing requirement for better and more efficient urban transport systems and the need for a healthier environment has added to the increasing international desire for new technologies and developments in this essential field. The variety of topics covered reflects the complex interaction of urban transport systems with their environment and the need to establish integrated strategies.

Transport has become a major concern on both social and economic grounds in the late-twentieth century. This concern arises from a perception of the industry's failure to respond to the rapid growth in demand and to the threat of congestion and environmental pollution. A solution has been sought in economic policies dominated by ideas of liberalization and deregulation. This volume moves the debate an important step further by pointing out that the argument is not simply one of regulation as opposed to deregulation, but between different degrees and forms of regulation. It also analyses the effects of regulation through the study of how the modes of transport adjust to the changing regulatory environment. This collection of original essays is written by a prestigious group of contributors and draws on economics, sociology, planning, political science and industrial relations. They focus on both a national and international perspective, including contributions analyzing urban transport, railways, shipping, ports and aviation. This work offers a timely and comprehensive assessment of the extent of changes in transport regulatory policies. It casts specific doubt on much of the perceived wisdom on deregulation. These are clearly written and richly informed studies which will stimulate and enlighten both students and scholars of regulation, as well as the lay reader with an interest in transport.

Tracing the antecedents and the creation of the U.S. Department of Transportation, this work assesses its role in both the control of transportation and the encouragement of big businesses in the industry. The U.S. government has struggled for over a century with the complex issue of transportation regulation. The prevailing view from the 1880s until recently was to consider private transportation a public utility, which led to the creation of the DOT in 1966. This work covers much of the regulation/deregulation debates from Hoover to the Nixon presidencies, and focuses on the bipartisan crescendo for deregulation led by Gerald Ford and Edward Kennedy. Whitnah also analyzes the heated debate over airline deregulation that resumed in the Carter years and continues to have an impact today.

This book contains selected peer-reviewed papers that were presented at the Fourth International Symposium on Transportation Network Reliability (INSTR) Conference held at the University of Minnesota July 22-23, 2010. International scholars, from a variety of disciplines--engineering, economics, geography, planning and transportation-offer varying perspectives on modeling and analysis of the reliability of transportation networks in order to illustrate both vulnerability to day-to-day and unpredictability variability and risk in travel, and demonstrates strategies for addressing those issues. The scope of the chapters includes all aspects of analysis and design to improve network reliability, specifically user perception of unreliability of public transport, public policy and reliability of travel times, the valuation and economics of reliability, network reliability modeling and estimation, travel behavior and vehicle routing under uncertainty, and risk evaluation and management for transportation networks. The book combines new methodologies and state of the art practice to model and address questions of network unreliability, making it of interest to both academics in transportation and engineering as well as policy-makers and practitioners.

This 32 volume set reissues key out-of-print titles that will prove invaluable in understanding the current resurgence of economic nationalism. Covering all aspects of international trade policy, and focusing particularly on tariffs and protectionism, this set will be invaluable to the modern student.

Notes on the Contributors - Editor's Preface - A German Centenary in 1986, a French in 1995 or the Real Beginnings about 1905; T.Barker - The Beginnings of the Automobile in Germany; O.Nibel - The Motor Vehicle and the Revolution in Road Transport: The American Experience; J.B.Rae - The Early Growth of Long-distance Bus Transport in the United States; M.Walsh - Diesel Trucks and Buses: Their Gradual Spread in the United States; J.M.Laux - The Automobile and the City in the American South; D.R.Goldfield and B.A.Brownell - Some Economic and Social Effects of Motor Vehicles in France Since 1890; P.Fridenson - Why Did the Pioneer Fall Behind? Motorization in Germany Between the Wars; F.Blaich - Motorization on the New Frontier: the Case of Saskatchewan, Canada, 1906-34; G.T.Bloomfield - The Internal Combustion Engine and the Revolution in Transport: the Case of Czechoslovakia with some European Comparisons; J.Purs - Japan: the Late Starter who Outpaced all her Rivals; K.Shimokawa - Motor Transport in a Developing Area: Zaire, 1903-59; E.S.Tsund'olela - Motor Transport in a Developing Area: Soviet Central Asia; M.A.Akhunova, J.S.Borisov and B.A.Tulepbaev - Death on the Roads: Changing National Responses to Motor Accidents; J.Foreman-Peck - Advances in Road Construction Technology in France; D.Barjot - Index

Urban freight transport has become an important issue in urban planning. There are many challenges and problems relating to increasing levels of traffic congestion, environmental impacts and energy consumption. City logistics schemes are relatively new concepts that are aimed at increasing the efficiency of urban freight transport systems as well as reducing traffic congestion and impacts on the environment. However, new modelling, evaluation and planning techniques are required to conduct in-depth investigations before city logistics measures can be effectively deployed.

This book, Logistics Systems for Sustainable Cities, is an outcome of the Third International Conference on City Logistics (City Logistics III held in Madeira in 2003) organised by the Institute for City Logistics (www.citylogistics.org). It includes recent developments in the modelling, evaluation and planning of city logistics schemes. Since city logistics measures have already been implemented in several cities, a review of the performance of these innovative schemes is presented. As well, an overview of the visions for city logistics and public private partnerships for city logistics is given. A summary of the OECD report, Delivering the Goods ??? 21st Century Challenges for Urban Goods Transport, is included. Recent developments in e-Commerce and e-Logistics are covered.

The cover shows the beautiful Madeira Island, Portugal where the Third International Conference on City Logistics was held.

"Transportation Indicators and Business Cycles" recognises the important role the transportation sector plays in business cycle propagation and develops indicators for this sector to identify its current state, and predict its future. The reference cycle is defined, including business and growth cycles, for this sector over the period from 1979 using both the conventional National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER) method and modern time series models. A one-to-one correspondence between cycles in the transportation sector and those in the aggregate economy is found. It also constructs an index of leading indicators for the transportation sector using rigorous statistical procedures, and performs well as a forecasting tool.