Transport policy is an increasingly difficult area for all national governments and regional/local authorities. Tackling car use and realising a sustainable transport system appears to be very difficult. Developing public transport is seen as an increasingly important element in improving the transport system, especially in densely populated areas. At the same time however, governments are under increasing pressure to cut taxation. As a result there is a growing gap between increasing policy need for public transport and government resources to fund that need. This timely book explores one solution to this dilemma, which is the use of local charges and taxes dedicated to support public transport. Unfare Solutions examines how and why such charges have evolved and how they do (or do not) relate to modern transport policy developments and theory. It shows innovative funding techniques developed by both public transport providers and federal and local authorities.

This book seeks to enhance understanding of the impacts of project setup and its implementation environment on project performance by leveraging information from the study of a rich set of European transport infrastructure project cases. It puts forward a system's view of project delivery and aims to serve as a strategic tool for decision makers and practitioners. The proposed approach is not limited to specific stakeholder views. On the contrary, it allows stakeholders to formulate their own strategies based on an holistic set of potential implementation scenarios. Furthermore, by including cases of projects that have been influenced by the recent financial crisis, the book aims to capitalise on experiences and provide guidelines as to the design and implementation of resilient projects delivered both through traditional as well as Public Private Partnership (PPP) models. Finally, the book proposes a new Transport Infrastructure Resilience Indicator and a corresponding project rating system that can be assessed with an eye to the future, ultimately aiming to support the successful delivery of transport infrastructure projects for all stakeholders involved.

'I want to thank the editors for bringing this project to fruition and compiling in one volume contributions which will interest both transport specialists and economists. Engineers and management experts will benefit from the summaries, and rigorous analysis, of recent advances in economic research applied to their fields of interest. Researchers and students in economics will see how economic theory can be applied in a specific context to enrich the study of one sector, transport. In this way, the handbook contributes to the cross-fertilisation of different areas of knowledge and constitutes an important development in the advancement of that knowledge.' - From the foreword by Daniel L. McFadden, 2000 Nobel Laureate in Economics Bringing together insights and perspectives from close to 70 of the world's leading experts in the field, this timely Handbook provides an up-to-date guide to the most recent and state-of-the-art advances in transport economics. The comprehensive coverage includes topics such as the relationship between transport and the spatial economy, recent advances in travel demand analysis, the external costs of transport, investment appraisal, pricing, equity issues, competition and regulation, the role of public - private partnerships and the development of policy in local bus services, rail, air and maritime transport. This Handbook is designed both for use on postgraduate and advanced undergraduate courses and as a reference for anyone working in the field. It also complements the textbook Principles of Transport Economics. Contributors include: S.P. Anderson, H. Andersson, R. Arnott, B. Bartin, L. Basso, A. Behar, M. Ben Akiva, Y. Berechman, M. Beuthe, C.R. Bhat, J. Brocker, M.R. Brooks, K. Button, C.G. Chorus, J. Clougherty, M. Delucchi, A. de Palma, A. Estache, R. Friedrich, J. Gifford, D. Gillen, D. Graham, D. Hensher, E. Iossa, S. Jara-Diaz, E. Juan, Y. Kanemoto, M. Lafourcade, J. Laird, R. Lindsey, D. Mac Fadden, P. Mackie, D. Martimort, D. McCubbin, H. Meersman, J. Mercenier, C. Nash, T. Oum, K. Ozbay, A.R. Pinjari, M. Ponti, S. Proost, R. Renault, P. Rietveld, E. Quinet, G. Santos, T. Tabuchi, J. Thisse, H.J.P. Timmermans, A. Trannoy, N. Treich, L. Trujillo, T. Vanelslander, E. Van de Voorde, A.J. Venables, E. Verhoef, R. Vickerman, J. Walker, W.G. Waters II, M. Wegener, K. Yamaguchi, O. Yanmaz-Tuzel, Y. Yoshida, A. Zhang, Y. Zhang

Transport and mobility are critical for the economic development of cities and regions and are a key factor in achieving sustained economic growth. This collection brings together Peter Nijkamp's influential work in the areas of transport systems and transport policy. The first part offers new theoretical insights and a review of the state-of-the-art in transportation science. The essays address issues such as the costs and benefits of transport, the role of price in transport demand, the impact of information and the potential of congestion pricing. The second part focuses attention on the modelling of transport systems. The third part comprises papers on transport infrastructure and includes studies on the impact of infrastructure and superstructure on economic growth, the costs of infrastructure construction, the evaluation of airport expansion and airport efficiency. The final part considers issues of public policy, including governance principles for sustainable urban transport, welfare implications of information policy, the economic consequences of airline deregulation, the use of policy scenarios for the far future and the transferability of transport policy to other areas. This collection will be essential reading for scholars and students interested in all aspects of transport research and policy.

Bringing together a comparative analysis of the accessibility by public transport of 23 cities spanning four continents, this book provides a "hands-on" introduction to the evolution, rationale and effectiveness of a new generation of accessibility planning tools that have emerged since the mid-2000s. The Spatial Network Analysis for Multimodal Urban Transport Systems (SNAMUTS) tool is used as a practical example to demonstrate how city planners can find answers as they seek to improve public transport accessibility. Uniquely among the new generation of accessibility tools, SNAMUTS has been designed for multi-city comparisons. A range of indicators are employed in each city including: the effectiveness of the public transport network; the relationship between the transport network and land use activity; who gets access within the city; and how resilient the city will be. The cities selected enable a comparison between cities by old world-new world; public transport modes; governance approach; urban development constraints. The book is arranged along six themes that address the different planning challenges cities confront. Richly illustrated with maps and diagrams, this volume acts as a comprehensive sourcebook of accessibility indicators and a snapshot of current policy making around the world in the realm of strategic planning for land use transport integration and the growth of public transport. It provides a deeper understanding of the complexity, opportunities and challenges of twenty-first-century accessibility planning.

Modern electric vehicles (EVs) are well suited to most people's general transport needs. Despite this, their adoption at a large scale has been grindingly slow. What are the reasons for this?

Unlike most books which focus on the technical aspects of EV performance, this guide sets out the commercial and political barriers to their increased use and lays out the ways in which these barriers can be overcome. It begins by charting the rise of the internal combustion engine, and detailing the problems associated with it which are driving efforts to electrify transportation. It goes on to introduce readers to the main EV technologies and examines the key issue of energy storage and recharging infrastructure. The remaining chapters explore the cost-effectiveness of electric mobility, the differing adoption trajectories by which EVs may come to increase in prominence, and the way in which policy can be tailored to encourage this rise.

The book covers industrialized and emerging economy contexts, the latter of which have the greatest opportunities and most urgent need to take the EV development route. Requiring no specialist engineering knowledge to understand and written in an engaging, accessible style, this is a valuable primer and resource for people in business, policy or study who are keen to understand, encourage and capitalize on the transition to electric mobility.

This collection presents rare documents relating to the development of various forms of communication across Africa by the British, as part of their economic investment in Africa. Railways and waterways are examined.

Travel Behaviour is a challenging and original volume, adding to the growing literature focusing on understanding transportation systems. The book capitalises on actual scientific and applied developments in Europe, the importance of EC policies and the resultant trend in studying differences between North American and European research. The authors present non-traditional approaches to four pertinent topics in the field of travel behaviour: mobility and travel, telecommunication and travel, traffic congestion and modelling travel behavioural responses. In contrast to many orthodox studies that propose congestion relief solutions, Travel Behaviour suggests that a certain amount of congestion is good for transportation systems. This unique volume is aimed at a wide variety of complementary disciplines from transportation professionals, to policymakers, transport economists, urban and regional planners, geographers and behavioural scientists.

Airline Operations and Delay Management fills a gap within the area of airline schedule planning by addressing the close relationships between network development, economic driving forces, schedule demands and operational complexity. The pursuit of robust airline scheduling and reliable airline operations is discussed in light of the future trends of airline scheduling and technology applications in airline operations. The book extensively explores the subject from the perspectives of airline economics, airline network development and airline scheduling practices. Many operational issues and problems are the inevitable consequences of airline network development and scheduling philosophy, so a wide perspective is essential to address airline operations in their proper context. The influence of airline network development on schedule planning and operations driven by economic forces and relaxed regulations is thoroughly examined for different types of operations in aviation such as network carriers and low-cost carriers. The advantages and disadvantages of running different networks and schedules are discussed and illustrated with real airline examples. In addition, this book provides readers with various mathematical models for solving different issues in airline operations and delay management. Airline Operations and Delay Management is ideal for senior undergraduate students as an introductory book on airline operations. The more advanced materials included in this book regarding modeling airline operations are suitable for postgraduate students, advanced readers and professionals interested in modeling and solving airline operational problems.

While there are many books on logistics which understand the concept of service and supply, none understand the important role of transportation in synchronizing logistics. Delivering Victory: The History of U.S. Military Transportation covers the evolution of military transportation in the U.S. Armed Forces from the Spanish American War until the recent humanitarian missions to Haiti and West Africa to show how military transportation both synchronizes and creates logistics operations and therefore shapes the conduct of contingency and combat operations. Based on a rich selection of both primary and secondary sources, this book explores how the role of military transportation in the U.S has evolved, from disparate organizations to a synchronized logistics approach which connects dots from end to end, from fort and factory, and to the foxhole. Chronicling the birth of a separate branch of the Army during the Second World War and the creation of a strategic logistics technique headed by a single organization, the author demonstrates how transportation created logistics operations due to its inherent moving nature which allowed military operations to change in scale and magnitude. To this end, this book demonstrates how the ability to deploy and sustain mass around the globe became the hallmark of American military transportation capability, and an essential part of delivering victory.

This title was first published in 2003. Suburbanizing the Masses examines how collective forms of transport have contributed to the spatial and social evolution of towns and cities in various countries since the mid nineteenth century. Divided into two sections, the volume develops first the classic tradition on transport and the city, public transport's 'impact' on urban development. The contextualisation of transport is one important factor in the historical debates surrounding urban development. As well as analysing the discourse employed by urban political and business elites in favour of public transport, these contributions show the degree to which practice often fell short of ideals. The second section tackles the professional paradigms of urban transport: the circulation of traffic in cities and the technological modes appropriate to its realization. In particular these contributions explore the paradigms held by professional planners and managers, and the political classes associated with them. From a variety of perspectives Suburbanizing the Masses demonstrates the continuing relevance of socio-historical inquiry on the relationship between public transport and urban development. By differentiating between the many roles of urban transport in the nineteenth century, it confirms that public transport was not directly linked to urban growth, and instead often had only a limited effect on the wider urban structure. Suburbanizing the Masses forces a reassessment of the received historiography that maintains cheap public transport was essential to the spectacular growth of cites in the nineteenth century.

The lives of people around the world, particularly in developed countries, depend on relatively inexpensive movement of people and goods. Now, more than ever, the prospect of rising costs puts continuation of this transport dependence in question. Costs could rise significantly due to the needs to reduce pollution, reverse urban sprawl, enhance security and, above all, use fuel that will become dramatically more expensive than those used now. This book sets out the challenges that will soon threaten modern society's dependence on low-cost transport in the light of the problems posed by oil supply and climate change. It proposes organizational and technical innovations that could ensure effective, secure movement of people and goods in ways that minimize environmental impacts and make the best use of renewable sources of energy. The authors conclude that transport in the first half of the 21st century will feature at least two revolutions. One will involve the use of electric drives rather than internal combustion engines. The other will involve powering these drives directly from the electric grid rather than from on-board fuel. The authors also address revolutions in marine transport and aviation and analyze the politics and business of transport and how these will undergo profound change in the decades ahead. This fresh look at the topic offers explanations, challenges the failures of governments and industry and proposes strategies and actions that can move transport towards sustainability.

Reeds Marine Distance Tables are the perfect ready-reckoner for captains, navigators and owners of merchant and cruise ships large and small wanting a quick and accurate distance reference between all the regularly used commercial ports around the world. They are also of increasing value to the superyacht fleet. The book is divided into key 'market areas', and includes a pull-out map for area identification and easy see-at-a-glance port reference. Traffic Separation Schemes are calculated into the tables whilst the distance to any port not included can easily be determined by making an approximation from the next closest port. Useful tables of major 'turning points' around the world (such as Cape Finisterre, Cape Horn and the Dover Straits), Transatlantic distances, world time zones, and time and speed conversion tables are also included. As well as incorporating general updates and improvements, this edition has been expanded to include distances for the Faroes, Shetlands and Orkneys. Freighter movements, cargo tonnage and cruise ship destinations have all been factored into considering details on the top ten busiest ports worldwide. Reeds Marine Distance Tables are an invaluable reference for ship owners, operators, brokers, navigators and superyacht skippers. Using this one reference, anyone can calculate the shortest or most economical distances between all the major ports in the world. 'A first class reference' Nautical Magazine 'Clear and simple support for anyone wanting to calculate the shortest or most economical distance between major ports' Telegraph

Transport is central to many of the current planning and policy debates. Completely revised and restructured, the new edition of Transport Planning describes the evolution of transport policies and planning, linking the past with the contemporary and future debates. It is divided into two main parts.
A Retrospective Analysis describes the recent past and how the current situation in research and practice on transport planning has developed. Evidence is taken from Great Britain and the United States, illustrating the similarities in thinking across transport, planning and evaluation. There is a review of the radical policy alternative presented by the market approach to transport provision, and a complementary new chapter on events since 1997, with the difficulties of finding the means to introduce the social market. The first part ends with a discussion on the limitations of transport planning in terms of both its theoretical foundations and of the approaches currently being used.
The second part of the book begins with a Comparative Analysis of experience in three European countries (Germany, France and the Netherlands) and the United States. It covers both transport planning and evaluation, where difference approaches have been developed in response to national policy issues and the different cultural and analytical traditions. This experience provides a useful context for interpreting the new agenda in the UK. This is followed by a Prospective Analysis of the key issues facing transport planners in the twenty-first century, including the need to replace existing infrastructure, to build new infrastructure, and to ensure the optimal use of existing infrastructure. All these issues will necessitate different analytical approaches, particularly where new forms of financing are required and as the new political relationships between the state and market are stabilised. Some form of strategic vision is required together with a planning framework within which the market can operate.

Approximately 80 per cent of European and American citizens live in an urban environment. Due to their large populations and extensive commercial establishments, urban areas require large quantities of goods and services for commercial and domestic use. This results in increasing levels of demand for freight transport services. Freight transport in towns and cities is a major contributor to environmental impacts, particularly to local air pollution and noise. Urban Logistics addresses public policy makers, freight transport companies and receivers of supplies, providing them with the information and guidance to affect change in the logistics of the city. Urban Logistics is written by an outstanding team of international editors combining their expertise and using their research from leading business schools in Sweden and the US. There are also valuable contributions from academics and industry experts from companies and universities from all over the world. The book includes clear examples of initiatives that work and business case developments, as well as toolkits for policymakers and managers who are devising new initiatives. There is an in-depth examination of different aspects of urban logistics, such as retail logistics for cities, urban food supply chains, services and the special logistics requirements involved, construction, waste management and e-commerce and home delivery. There is also a focus on networks and partnerships and an analysis of innovation as a new constant.

Contents:
1. Government, interest groups and policy change
2. The dynamics of the rail 'hollow core': the prelude to Beeching
3. Occupying the 'hollow core': the Beeching era at British Rail 1960-65
4. Roadbuilding as a policy idea and a weak advocacy coalition 1900-54
5. Ministers and motorways: the making of a hegemonic policy community 1954-59
6. Undermining a hegemonis policy community: trunk roads and the first wave of environmentalsim 1973-79
7. 'Roads for prosperity' versus 'sustainable mobility': new challenges and confrontations 1989-93
8. The destruction of 'roads for prosperity': from hegemony to ignominy 1993-99
9. The 'hollow core' revisisted: rail privatisation 1987-92
10. Why does policy change? 'The four I's' and the significance of time

A major concern of all decision makers has been to ensure that there are clear benefits from transport investment proposals. The travel time savings are clear, but the wider economic developments have presented enormous difficulty in terms of both theoretical arguments and empirical evidence. This book reviews the history of the debate and argues that the agenda has changed.
These issues are presented together with a major analytical investigation of macroeconomic models, evaluation in transport and microeconomic approaches. The final part of the book presents a series of case studies for road, rail and airport investment schemes, particularly focusing on the economic development aspects.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203220870

Logistics accounts for around 9-10% of global CO2 emissions and will be one of the hardest economic sectors to decarbonize. This is partly because the demand for freight transport is expected to rise sharply over the next few decades, but also because it relies very heavily on fossil fuel. Decarbonizing Logistics outlines the nature and extent of the challenge we face in trying to achieve deep reductions in greenhouse gas emissions from logistical activities. It makes a detailed assessment of the available options, including restructuring supply chains, shifting freight to lower carbon transport modes and transforming energy use in the logistics sector. The options are examined from technological and managerial standpoints for all the main freight transport modes. Based on an up-to-date review of almost 600 publications and containing new analytical frameworks and research results, Decarbonizing Logistics is the first to provide a global, multi-disciplinary perspective on the subject. It is written by one of the foremost specialists in the field who has spent many years researching the links between logistics and climate change and been an adviser to governments, international organizations and companies on the topic.

This title was first published in 2003. Suburbanizing the Masses examines how collective forms of transport have contributed to the spatial and social evolution of towns and cities in various countries since the mid nineteenth century. Divided into two sections, the volume develops first the classic tradition on transport and the city, public transport's 'impact' on urban development. The contextualisation of transport is one important factor in the historical debates surrounding urban development. As well as analysing the discourse employed by urban political and business elites in favour of public transport, these contributions show the degree to which practice often fell short of ideals. The second section tackles the professional paradigms of urban transport: the circulation of traffic in cities and the technological modes appropriate to its realization. In particular these contributions explore the paradigms held by professional planners and managers, and the political classes associated with them. From a variety of perspectives Suburbanizing the Masses demonstrates the continuing relevance of socio-historical inquiry on the relationship between public transport and urban development. By differentiating between the many roles of urban transport in the nineteenth century, it confirms that public transport was not directly linked to urban growth, and instead often had only a limited effect on the wider urban structure. Suburbanizing the Masses forces a reassessment of the received historiography that maintains cheap public transport was essential to the spectacular growth of cites in the nineteenth century.

This book seeks to enhance understanding of the impacts of project setup and its implementation environment on project performance by leveraging information from the study of a rich set of European transport infrastructure project cases. It puts forward a system's view of project delivery and aims to serve as a strategic tool for decision makers and practitioners. The proposed approach is not limited to specific stakeholder views. On the contrary, it allows stakeholders to formulate their own strategies based on an holistic set of potential implementation scenarios. Furthermore, by including cases of projects that have been influenced by the recent financial crisis, the book aims to capitalise on experiences and provide guidelines as to the design and implementation of resilient projects delivered both through traditional as well as Public Private Partnership (PPP) models. Finally, the book proposes a new Transport Infrastructure Resilience Indicator and a corresponding project rating system that can be assessed with an eye to the future, ultimately aiming to support the successful delivery of transport infrastructure projects for all stakeholders involved.

The Model Regulations cover the classification of dangerous goods and their listing, the use, construction, testing and approval of packagings and portable tanks, and the consignment procedures (marking, labelling, placarding and documentation). They aim at ensuring a high level of safety by preventing accidents to persons and property and damage to the environment during transport and, providing at the same time, a uniform regulatory framework which can be applied worldwide for national or international transport by any mode

Transport is debated by many, and liberalization processes, transport policy, transport and climate change and increased competition between transport modes are the subject of heated discussion. Smart Transport Networks illustrates that whether concerning road, water, rail or air, knowledge on the structure of transport markets is crucial in order to tackle transport issues. The book therefore explores key factors concerning the structure of transport markets, their environmental impact, and questions why decision makers often fail to tackle transport-related problems. Three of the key factors that underpin the relationship between transport and society are analyzed in detail from a variety of perspectives, each with an empirical focus: market structure and the allocation mechanisms at work; sustainability, encompassing the characteristics of the physical environment, the availability of natural resources and the effects of transport activities; and decision making, detailing transport policy and attempts to change transport systems. Practical guidelines on how to effectively deal with complex transport issues are also presented. This book will prove an important resource read for academics, researchers, and students with an interest in economics - particularly transport and public sector economics, geography and regional and urban studies. Policy makers and planners in the fields of transport, environment and regional planning will also find this book to be an invaluable reference tool. Contributors: B. Benson, K. Button, G. Dane, J.C. Garcia-Palomares, H. Geerlings, R. Gerike, J. Gutierrez, F. Hulsmann, F. Iannone, M. Kashiha, B. Kickhoefer, B. Kuipers, C. Macharis, J.C. Martin, H. Meersman, K. Nagel, P. Nijkamp, P. Rietveld, C. Roman, C. Sys, J.-C. Thill, H.J.P. Timmermans, E. Van de Voorde, T. Vanelslander, T. Vanoutrive, A. Verhetsel, D. Yang

For the last seven decades, urban settlement policy worldwide has been increasingly dominated by modernist precepts and by urban decisions made in discipline-specific 'silos'. The urban management consequences have been invariably negative, with increasing sprawl, fragmentation and separation resulting in a wide range of environmental, social and economic problems. This book explores the role of movement in a more integrated approach to urban settlement, and how thinking, policies and actions need to change. South Africa is used as a particularly good case study, since patterns of sprawl, fragmentation and separation have been exacerbated by apartheid, while recent legislation has demanded a reversal of these tendencies.

This text explores a range of strategies, both institutional and individual, which have been developed by academic and support staff, to foster the kind of atmosphere, facilities and attitudes in relation to learning which support systems.