"Concise Human Physiology" is written for medical students and presents the main facts in a concise, straightforward style. The first edition received an encouraging reception from students, especially those for whom English is a foreign language. The presentation of major subjects in manageable chapter lengths makes the book most attractive to students who find some books rather lengthy due to detail and the inclusion of information not required by the medical curriculum.

This second edition is more focused and has made use of valuable feedback from students and teachers who have been using the book over the last few years. All the chapters have been thoroughly revised and new illustrations and summary diagrams have been added.

Presented as a series of lectures, this important volume achieves four major goals:
1) It integrates the results of the author's research as applied to pattern perception -- reviewing current brain research and showing how several lines of inquiry have been converging to produce a paradigm shift in our understanding of the neural basis of figural perception.
2) It updates the holographic hypothesis of brain function in perception.
3) It emphasizes the fact that both distributed (holistic) and localized (structural) processes characterize brain function.
4) It portrays a neural systems analysis of brain organization in figural perception by computational models -- describing processing in terms of formalisms found useful in ordering data in 20th-century physical and engineering sciences.
The lectures are divided into three parts: a Prolegomenon outlining a theoretical framework for the presentation; Part I dealing with the configural aspects of perception; and Part II presenting its cognitive aspects. The appendices were developed in a collaborative effort by the author, Kunio Yasue, and Mari Jibu (both of Notre Dame Seishin University of Okayama, Japan).

Presenting the work of researchers who are at the forefront of the study of memory mechanisms, this volume addresses a wide range of topics including: physiological and biophysical studies of synaptic plasticity, neural models of information storage and recall, functional and structural considerations of amnesia in brain-damaged patients, and behavioral studies of animal cognition and memory. The book's coverage of diverse approaches to memory mechanisms is intended to help dissolve the borders between behavioral psychology, cognitive neuropsychology, and neurophysiology.

A handbook for how we can use the power of our hormones to master any stage of life. Joint pain, weight gain, migraines, acne, sleepless nights, loss of libido - all of these and more can be caused by hormone imbalances. Our health is impacted by our hormones all the way through our lives. So why do we often assume they're mainly 'a menopause thing', and wait until hot flushes arrive before we take them seriously? The truth is that many women find that their hormone-related symptoms aren't acknowledged, despite the impact they can have, years before menopause hits, on almost every aspect of their lives. With advances in medical science, however, effective new treatment options are available, including modern hormone replacement therapy (HRT), diet, and exercise. So why don't more of us know that help is at hand? Why are we still being told that we have to put up with these conditions? Our Hormones, Our Health is written by two doctors who draw on their experience as practitioners, and as women. With the aid of pioneering research from epigenetics, stress medicine, nutritional medicine, and modern HRT, they show us how women can live with health and happiness - no matter what their age.

Biophysics is the science of physical principles underlying all processes of life, including the dynamics and kinetics of biological systems.

This fully revised 2nd English edition is an introductory text that spans all steps of biological organization, from the molecular, to the organism level, as well as influences of environmental factors. In response to the enormous progress recently made, especially in theoretical and molecular biophysics, the author has updated the text, integrating new results and developments concerning protein folding and dynamics, molecular aspects of membrane assembly and transport, noise-enhanced processes, and photo-biophysics. The advances made in theoretical biology in the last decade call for a fully new conception of the corresponding sections. Thus, the book provides the background needed for fundamental training in biophysics and, in addition, offers a great deal of advanced biophysical knowledge.

This volume is a record of the proceedings of a festspiel held to honor Jozef F. Zwislocki for his outstanding contributions to science and to Syracuse University. His contributions to the knowledge of the hydromechanical, neurophysiological, and perceptual mechanisms of the auditory system are truly monumental. In addition, his contributions to the comprehension of the mammalian auditory system include not only landmark ideas, but also many of the experimental findings in psychoacoustics and peripheral auditory physiology that constitute the database which has provided a springboard for research in laboratories throughout the world. His efforts to link physics, biology, and psychophysics to create a basis for our understanding of the nervous system have had an influence that extends far beyond the science of acoustics. Although the purpose of this conference was to recognize the many achievements of Professor Zwislocki, the spirit of the participants was to honor him in a manner that best characterized his lifetime dedication to research, that is, to report the results of their own work. Consequently, this volume is first and foremost a compilation of scientific papers in the area of sensory research. Some are reports of recent experiments and some present an overview of research efforts extending from the past up to ongoing work. His influence can be recognized in all of the contributions and some explicitly describe the ties between their own work and the germinal ideas planted by him. This volume, in reflecting the rapid progress being made in sensory science and written by those who are making it, is a fitting tribute to Zwislocki, who always stood at the forefront of his science.

This book offers physiology teachers a new approach to teaching their subject that will lead to increased student understanding and retention of the most important ideas. By integrating the core concepts of physiology into individual courses and across the entire curriculum, it provides students with tools that will help them learn more easily and fully understand the physiology content they are asked to learn. The authors present examples of how the core concepts can be used to teach individual topics, design learning resources, assess student understanding, and structure a physiology curriculum.

Bone research in recent years has generated much new knowledge, in large measure because of the broad public health implications of osteoporosis and related bone disorders. Bone Formation, the first in a series entitled Topics in Bone Biology, evaluates this new information and formulates novel insights and hypotheses within the broad framework of current knowledge. An easy-to handle and to read work, with concise reviews that are extensively referenced, the chapters in this book are written by internationally known authorities. Particular emphasis is on osteoporosis and related disorders of diminished bone formation. Among the general topics treated is a chapter on biomechanical aspects of bone formation, not often considered in relation to diseases of bone formation. The book constitutes essential reading for those entering the field of bone biology and those who wish to become familiar with up-to-date information in a particular area of bone research.

The area of polyamines is presented in this useful, two-volume publication. Basic information describing the role of polyamines in the processes of growth and differentiation is given. Also included are data on the regulation of polyamine biosynthesis and metabolism and their interactions with nucleic acids. Several chapters are devoted to the role of polyamines in various aspects of plant biology, with a special emphasis on their participation in the response of plants to extreme environments. Special attention is given to the use of inhibitors of polyamine biosynthesis as potential antitumor and antiproliferative agents. Additionally, progress in the molecular biology and genetic engineering of genes coding for polyamine biosynthetic enzymes is described. Cancer researchers, biologists, geneticists, biochemists, physiologists, and clinicians will find this volume indispensable.

Human-Like Biomechanics is a comprehensive introduction into modern geometrical methods to be used as a unified research approach in two apparently separate and rapidly growing fields: mathematical biomechanics and humanoid robotics. The term human-like biomechanics is used to denote this unified modelling and control approach to humanoid robotics and mathematical biomechanics, based on theoretical mechanics, differential geometry and topology, nonlinear dynamics and control, and path-integral methods. From this geometry-mechanics-control modelling perspective, "human" and "humanoid" means the same. This unified approach enables both design of humanoid systems of immense complexity and prediction/prevention of subtle neuro-musculo-skeletal injuries. This approach has been realized in the form of the world-leading human-motion simulator with 264 powered degrees of freedom, called Human Biodynamics Engine (developed in Defence Science & Technology Organisation, Australia).

The book contains six Chapters and an Appendix. The first Chapter is an Introduction, giving a brief review of mathematical techniques to be used in the text. The second Chapter develops geometrical basis of human-like biomechanics, while the third Chapter develops its mechanical basis, mainly from generalized Lagrangian and Hamiltonian perspective. The fourth Chapter develops topology of human-like biomechanics, while the fifth Chapter reviews related nonlinear control techniques. The sixth Chapter develops covariant biophysics of electro-muscular stimulation. The Appendix consists of two parts: classical muscular mechanics and modern path integral methods, which are both used frequently in the main text. Thewhole book is based on the authorsa (TM) own research papers in human-like biomechanics.

Vaccines against antigenically stable pathogens, or pathogens that only exist in a limited number of serotypes, have been very successful in the past and have drastically decreased the incidence and lethality of many diseases. However, when it comes to highly variable pathogens or viruses that exist in multiple serotypes, the traditional methods for vaccine development have reached their limits. This volume highlights the development of vaccines against such challenging pathogens. Novel approaches for immunogen design, including structure-guided vaccine development and vaccines targeting glycans, as well as adjuvants and animal models used for testing possible vaccine candidates are outlined and discussed in detail. Given its scope, the book will appeal to scientists in the fields of infectious diseases, microbiology and medicine.

This book is the product of a unique collaboration by experts from leading international, regional and national agencies and professional organizations discussing on the current 'hot' issue on the judicious use and safety of radiation in radiology. There have been several cases involving radiation overexposure that have received international attention. Strategies and solutions to guide readers how to maximize the benefits and minimize the risks when using radiation in medicine are covered.

Circadian rhythms influence most of our life activities, notably getting up and going to sleep every day. This new edition of Circadian Physiology delves into the mechanisms surrounding how these rhythms work, the physiology and biology behind them, and the latest research on this cutting-edge field. The book also discusses a wide variety of practical topics including the prevention of jet lag, management of shift work, sleep disorders, depression, and the optimal times for physical and intellectual activities. To facilitate its use as a textbook, the book contains summaries, suggestions for further reading, links to pertinent websites, and exercises at the end of each chapter. It also includes software for data analysis, tutorials, and simulation programs discussed throughout the text. In addition, more than a thousand references have been added, resulting in a total of more than 6000 references. The text has been thoroughly updated as a result of major advances in recent years. This edition adds discussion on the anatomical and physiological characterization of photoresponsive ganglionic cells in the mammalian retina, molecular circadian clocks in cells of multiple organs other than the hypothalamus and the pineal gland, and advances in the understanding of post-translational mechanisms in the operation of the molecular clock.

First published in 1986. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Human intelligence isn’t just located in the brain. Our bodies are marvelously sophisticated and complex, with a variety of autonomic systems that help maintain our health without us ever having to think about them. But how exactly do all these physiological structures actually work?   In Our Intelligent Bodies, physiology professor Gary F. Merrill takes you on a guided tour through the human body. You’ll learn how our eyes are designed to detect unimaginably small bursts of light and how our ears contain bundles of tiny hairs, each one attuned to different sound frequencies. You’ll also discover how our hearts are smart enough to compensate for skipped beats and irregular rhythms and how our pulmonary system adjusts for low oxygen levels. You’ll even find out why the gut is sometimes called the “second brain,� its reflexes controlled by millions of neurons.      Written in a fun, easy-to-comprehend style and filled with illuminating analogies, Our Intelligent Bodies also brings readers up to date on cutting-edge research into the wonders of human physiology. It will give you a new appreciation for the smart decisions our bodies are making when our brains aren’t paying attention.

Clinical Chemistry is a comprehensive textbook covering the area of medical science variously known as chemical pathology, clinical chemistry, medical biochemistry and clinical biochemistry. The biochemical processes and physiological interrelationships, of tissues, organs and molecules are discussed in the context of disease processes and related to the diagnosis, monitoring, and management of disease. Also included are analytical processes, such as immunoassay, and how these relate to clinical practice. Although the emphasis of this book is clinical biochemistry, some chapters include sections on haematology, radiology and microbiology where this helps in the understanding of disease processes. The increasing use of the techniques of molecular biology and genetics in the investigation of disease is acknowledged also by appropriate inclusion of these disciplines in a number of chapters. Standard International (SI) units of measurement are used throughout, but for tests where non-SI units are in common use as well as SI units both sets of units are quoted.

Volume II features a variety of animal and human prion diseases, including the newly-identified atypical forms of bovine spongiform encephalopathy and scrapie in animals, and variably protease-sensitive prionopathy in humans, prions in the environment, Tau pathology in human prion disease, transmission of the disease by blood transfusion, mammalian and non-mammalian models, conventional and advanced diagnoses, prion-specific antibodies, as well as decontamination of prions and development of therapeutics of prion diseases, such as the application of immunomodulation. This volume provides up-to-date knowledge about the etiology, pathogenesis, classification, histopathological, and clinical aspects of the highly publicized animal and human prion diseases.

This book was written by many outstanding investigators who have spent decades to study different aspects of blood-tissue barrier function. They have summarized some of the latest and fascinating development in their fields of research including the blood-brain barrier, the blood-retinal barrier, the gut barrier, the blood-biliary barrier, the blood-follicle barrier, the blood-epididymis barrier, the blood-testis barrier, the tight junction barrier in general as well as barriers in the female reproductive tract. Included are also chapters that focus on topics that are physiologically applicable to all blood-tissue barriers. Many of these chapters also include information on specific human diseases, such as pathological changes of the gut barrier that cause bowel disorders resulting from inflammation of the epithelial lining in the intestine, and infertility in men as a result of disruption of the blood-epididymal and/or blood-testis barriers; and on new therapeutic approaches (e.g., drug delivery across the blood-brain and the blood-retinal barriers).

The result of the first Appalachian Conference on neurodynamics, this volume focuses on processing in biological neural networks. How do brain processes become organized during decision making? That is, what are the neural antecedents that determine which course of action is to be pursued? Half of the contributions deal with modelling synapto-dendritic and neural ultrastructural processes; the remainder, with laboratory research findings, often cast in terms of the models. The interchanges at the conference and the ensuing publication also provide a foundation for further meetings. These will address how processes in different brain systems, coactive with the neural residues of experience and with sensory input, determine decisions.

This book not only discusses clinical applications, but also links HRV to systems biology and theories of complexity. This publication should be interesting for several groups of clinicians and scientists, including cardiologists, anesthesiologists, intensivists and physiologists. Heart Rate Variability is in principle easy and cheap, making it interesting for all kind of hospitals and private practice. The book will be an example of using translational medicine (bench to bedside) where newest theoretical results are linked to newest clinical research.

The thymus is an evolutionarily ancient primary lymphoid organ common to all vertebrates in which T cell development takes place. Failing thymus function is associated with immunodeficiency and/or autoimmunity. In this volume, leading experts provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in thymopoiesis research. The chapters cover the development of the thymic epithelial microenvironment, address the formation of a diverse and self-tolerant repertoire of T cell receptors as the basis for cellular immunity, discuss the mechanisms by which progenitor cells colonize the thymus and detail the molecular basis for T lineage decisions. The reviews illustrate the important role of the multifaceted process of thymopoiesis for adaptive immunity.

Diagnosis and Management in Parkinson's Disease: The Neuroscience of Parkinson's, Volume 1 provides a single source of material covering different scientific domains of neuropathology underlying this condition. The book covers a wide range of subjects and unravels the complex relationships between genetics, molecular biology, pharmaceutical chemistry, neurobiology, imaging, assessments, and treatment regimens. It fills a much-needed gap as a "one-stop" synopsis of everything concerning the neurology and neuroscience related to Parkinson's disease, from chemicals and cells to individuals. The book is an invaluable resource for neuroscientists, neurologists, and anyone in the field.

Humans engage in a seemingly endless variety of different behaviors, of which some are found across species, while others are conceived of as typically human. Most generally, behavior comes about through the interplay of various constraints - informational, mechanical, neural, metabolic, and so on - operating at multiple scales in space and time. Over the years, consensus has grown in the research community that, rather than investigating behavior only from bottom up, it may be also well understood in terms of concepts and laws on the phenomenological level. Such top down approach is rooted in theories of synergetics and self-organization using tools from nonlinear dynamics. The present compendium brings together scientists from all over the world that have contributed to the development of their respective fields departing from this background. It provides an introduction to deterministic as well as stochastic dynamical systems and contains applications to motor control and coordination, visual perception and illusion, as well as auditory perception in the context of speech and music.

First published in 1982. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Modern brain imaging is revolutionizing the study of brain function in health and disease. Few realize that its origins began with a pioneering study in the nineteenth century by an Italian scientist, Angelo Mosso, of several subjects brought to him with head injuries that exposed their brains to direct observation. He took advantage of this opportunity to observe for the first time changes in cerebral blood flow in relation to different behaviors, the same changes that are the basis for the measurements underlying modern methods. Although Mosso was widely recognized for this highly original study by his contemporaries, through a German translation in 1881, there has never been a translation through which his magnificent achievement could be recognized in English. His rightful role as the pioneer in brain imaging has thus not been recognized. This unique volume corrects that deficiency. Through it, the modern reader, whether an expert in the field or an interested scientist or member of the public, can gain a new perspective on the remarkable insights Mosso gained into how behaviors as subtle as thinking about a subject or feeling an emotion can produce the changes in pulsations of the brain that he observed. The special features of this volume begin with a brief summary of Mosso's life. Two pioneers of modern brain imaging, Marcus Raichle and Gordon M. Shepherd, then provide an extensive commentary that succinctly summarizes Mosso's work and explains its relevance to modern methods. The authors not only emphasize Mosso's role as a pioneer in brain imaging, but also through this study as a pioneer in the eventual rise of cognitive neuroscience. The English translation then follows, together with all of the plates and illustrations of the original volume. The result is a classic of neuroscience now available for wide appreciation by neuroscientists, neurologists, psychologists, psychiatrists, historians of science and medicine, and the general public.