This research topic was first established in China by Professor Shengzhao Long in 1981, with direct support from one of the greatest modern Chinese scientists, Xuesen Qian. In a letter to Shengzhao Long from October 22nd, 1993, Xuesen Qian wrote: "You have created a very important modern science subject and technology in China!" MMESE primarily focuses on the relationship between Man, Machine and Environment, studying the optimum combination of man-machine-environment systems. In this system, "Man" refers to working people as the subject in the workplace (e.g. operators, decision-makers); "Machine" is the general name for any object controlled by Man (including tools, machinery, computers, systems and technologies), and "Environment" describes the specific working conditions under which Man and Machine interact (e.g. temperature, noise, vibration, hazardous gases etc.). The three goals of optimization are to ensure "Safety, High efficiency and Economy" of man-machine-environment systems. These proceedings are an academic showcase of the best papers selected from more than 400 submissions, introducing readers to the top research topics and the latest developmental trends in the theory and application of MMESE. These proceedings are interdisciplinary studies on the concepts and methods of physiology, psychology, system engineering, computer science, environment science, management, education, and other related disciplines. Researchers and professionals who study an interdisciplinary subject crossing above disciplines or researchers on MMESE subject will be mainly benefited from these proceedings.

Leading researchers are specially invited to provide a complete understanding of a key topic within the multidisciplinary fields of physiology, biochemistry and pharmacology. In a form immediately useful to scientists, this periodical aims to filter, highlight and review the latest developments in these rapidly advancing fields.

In addition to updating important core techniques this third edition presents new chapters on assessing leukocyte involvement in angiogenesis, lymphatic cell and pericyte isolation techniques, spheroid and arterial ring based in vitro assays, and on pericyte involvement in angiogenesis. Angiogenesis Protocols, Third Edition also guides readers through new protocols on chorioallantoic membrane models, corneal pocket assays to assess angio- and lymphangiogenesis, models of muscle angiogenesis, and use of zebrafish embryos to study vascular angiogenesis and senescence. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Angiogenesis Protocols, Third Edition provides not only a practical handbook for key techniques, but also an informative and enjoyable read for all those interested, no matter how directly, in angiogenesis.

This proceedings volume highlights a selection of papers presented at the Sixth International Conference on High Performance Scientific Computing, which took place in Hanoi, Vietnam on March 16-20, 2015. The conference was jointly organized by the Heidelberg Institute of Theoretical Studies (HITS), the Institute of Mathematics of the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (VAST), the Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing (IWR) at Heidelberg University, and the Vietnam Institute for Advanced Study in Mathematics, Ministry of Education The contributions cover a broad, interdisciplinary spectrum of scientific computing and showcase recent advances in theory, methods, and practical applications. Subjects covered numerical simulation, methods for optimization and control, parallel computing, and software development, as well as the applications of scientific computing in physics, mechanics, biomechanics and robotics, material science, hydrology, biotechnology, medicine, transport, scheduling, and industry.

This book sheds new light on the molecular mechanisms that generate circadian rhythms. It examines how biological rhythms influence physiological processes such as sleep, hormone synthesis and secretion, immunity, kidney function, the cardiovascular system, blood pressure, and the digestive system. Clinical implications are considered while exploring the impact of rhythms on neuropsychiatric disorders and chronotherapy's potential for reducing cardiovascular risk. Offering a cross-section of expertise in both basic and translational (bench-to-bedside) research, this book serves as a guide for physicians and scientists who wish to learn more about the impact of circadian rhythms on physiological processes in health and disease.

This book offers a succinct but comprehensive description of the mechanics of muscle contraction and legged terrestrial locomotion. It describes on the one hand how the fundamental properties of muscle tissue affect the mechanics of locomotion, and on the other, how the mechanics of locomotion modify the mechanism of muscle operation under different conditions. Further, the book reports on the design and results of experiments conducted with two goals. The first was to describe the physiological function of muscle tissue (which may be considered as the "motor") contracting at a constant length, during shortening, during lengthening, and under a condition that occurs most frequently in the back-and-forth movement of the limbs during locomotion, namely the stretch-shortening cycle of the active muscle. The second objective was to analyze the interaction between the motor and the "machine" (the skeletal lever system) during walking and running in different scenarios with respect to speed, step frequency, body mass, gravity, age, and pathological gait. The book will be of considerable interest to physiology, biology and physics students, and provides researchers with stimuli for further experimental and analytical work.

In this book, physics in its many aspects (thermodynamics, mechanics, electricity, fluid dynamics) is the guiding light on a fascinating journey through biological systems, providing ideas, examples and stimulating reflections for undergraduate physics, chemistry and life-science students, as well as for anyone interested in the frontiers between physics and biology. Rather than introducing a lot of new information, it encourages young students to use their recently acquired knowledge to start seeing the physics behind the biology. As an undergraduate textbook in introductory biophysics, it includes the necessary background and tools, including exercises and appendices, to form a progressive course. In this case, the chapters can be used in the order proposed, possibly split between two semesters. The book is also an absorbing read for researchers in the life sciences who wish to refresh or go deeper into the physics concepts gleaned in their early years of scientific training. Less physics-oriented readers might want to skip the first chapter, as well as all the "gray boxes" containing the more formal developments, and create their own a-la-carte menu of chapters.

Awarded with the 2018 Prose Award in Clinical Medicine, the third edition of Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine explored and described exciting new areas in biomedicine that integrated technology into the treatment of disease and the augmentation of human function. Novel topics such as the sex-specific aspects of space medicine, the development and the use of genderized robots and a discussion of cyborgs were included in the third edition, providing a preview of the expanding world of sex-specific physiology and therapeutics. This Fourth Edition is a continuation of the mission to trace the relevance of biological sex to normal function and to the experience of disease in humans. We are now twenty years into the postgenomic era. The investigation of how the genome produces the phenome has led to fascinating insights as well as yet unanswered questions. Principles of Gender-Specific Medicine, Fourth Edition, has a central theme: discuss advances in understanding the role of epigenetics in regulating gene expression in a dynamic, sex-specific way during human life. It explores the protean role of epigenetics in human physiology, the relevance of environmental experience to human function, the therapeutic promise of cutting-edge methodologies like gene manipulation, the preparation of humans for space travel, the use of artificial intelligence in detection and therapeutic decisions concerning disease states, the possibilities for technological support of not only compromised individuals but of the augmentation of human function, and an analysis of the benefits, limitations and issues that surround our current expectations of personalized medicine.

This book provides a comprehensive review of the structure, function and pathophysiology of the pulmonary vasculature. Emerging evidence reveals the multifaceted roles played by the pulmonary vasculature. To reflect those roles, the individual chapters address topics ranging from pulmonary blood vessel development to vascular endothelial apoptosis, and delve deeply into our current understanding of various aspects of the pulmonary vasculature.

Exercise Physiology Laboratory Manual is a comprehensive resource for instructors and students interested in practical laboratory experiences related to the field of exercise physiology. This program can be used as both a standalone lab manual and/or as a complement to any exercise physiology textbook. Students will come away with thorough instruction on the measurement and evaluation of muscular strength, anaerobic and aerobic fitness, cardiovascular function, respiratory function, flexibility, and body composition.

Access all of the A&P information you need - whenever and wherever you need it! In class or in practice, all of the A & P information you need is at fingertips in this handy, easy-to-understand pocket guide. Crystal-clear, full-color illustrations with concise labels put all the need-to-know A&P information at your fingertips. Whether you're looking for a cross section of the spinal cord or lateral view of the arteries of the head and neck, or any other perspective on the human body, you'll find it here. A brief description introduces each body system. Crystal-clear presentation makes the illustrations pop from the pages. Precise labels accurately identify every structure. Unique anatomical views - like the cross section of the hand - highlight every detail in full color. Every page tells you the orientation of every figure - no more guessing at what you're viewing. Easy-to-reference tables summarize all of the relevant physiology. New To This Edition: New, Revised & Updated! New illustrations and new topics in every tab to provide complete coverage that's even more relevant to the study of A&P today Body Structure-anatomical position and regional terms Cells, Tissues, and the Integumentary System-the plasma membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, diffusion, and mitosis Human Microbiome-the human microbiome, the gut microbiome, bacteria, microbes, viruses, and diet-driven disease Skeletal System-the plasma membrane, rough endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, diffusion, mitosis, and common types of fracturesMuscular System-the neuromuscular junction Nervous System-simple reflex arcs, nerve impulse, and sensory and motor neurons of the spinal cord The Senses-cutaneous senses and referred painEndocrine System-endocrine gland stimuli Circulatory System-hematocrit, reticulocytes, and monocytes, and nervous regulation of the heart New table: Complete blood count

"Blood in Motion" is a textbook in Cardiovascular Science. It sets out to introduce, entice and explain the cardiovascular system to the reader using a classical system in teachinganatomy, physiology, general operation and specific systems. It is specifically designed to support the interests of students, experienced physiologists and clinicians.

The book is subdivided into three parts, comprisinga total of 11 chapters. Part I presents an historical perspective of cardiovascular knowledge and complements it with current insight into the physiology of the cardiovascular system. Part II explores sections of the circulatory loop, starting with an in-depth treatment of the veins, and including the lymphatic, the microcirculation, the arterial system and the heart. Part III incorporates approaches to the cardiovascular system as a whole, both in physiology and in science, such as modeling. This section introduces impedance-defined flow and offers the reader its application in mathematical modeling.

At the end of each chapter, the reader will find questions designed to reinforce the information presented. Each chapter can be read or studied as an independent unit."

The discovery of adult neurogenesis and of stem cells in the adult brain has changed our view of the mature brain. With new neurons being produced lifelong, brain development does not seem to end and brain plasticity gains a whole different meaning, if the brain's malleability goes beyond synapses and neurites. But adult neurogenesis occurs in two privileged regions only, the hippocampus and the olfactory system. Since the mid-1990s, the field of adult neurogenesis research has literally exploded. The second edition became necessary, after hundreds of new reports had been published. Most progress has been made with respect to the question of the functional relevance of the new neurons and their contribution to learning and memory. The book has become a reference resource for everybody interested in adult neurogenesis and stem cell biology of the adult brain. It begins with the historical background and describes in detail adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus as well as the subventricular zone and olfactory bulb. Regulatory mechanisms are discussed in great detail. The subject of neurogenesis outside the "canonical" neurogenic regions of rodents and primates is discussed and an entire chapter is dedicated to adult neurogenesis in different species. The book concludes with a chapter on the provocative hypotheses that link failing adult neurogenesis with diseases such as temporal lobe epilepsy, major depression, schizophrenia, brain tumors, and dementias.

Proceedings of a symposium, satellite to the 24th International Congress of Physiological Sciences, University of Pennsylvania.

"Polyphenols in Human Health and Disease" documents antioxidant actions of polyphenols in protection of cells and cell organelles, critical for understanding their health-promoting actions to help the dietary supplement industry. The book begins by describing the fundamentals of absorption, metabolism and bioavailability of polyphenols, as well as the effect of microbes on polyphenol structure and function and toxicity. It then examines the role of polyphenols in the treatment of chronic disease, including vascular and cardiac health, obesity and diabetes therapy, cancer treatment and prevention, and more.
Explores neuronal protection by polyphenol metabolites and their application to medical careDefines modulation of enzyme actions to help researchers see and study polyphenols mechanisms of action, leading to clinical applicationsIncludes insights on polyphenols in brain and neurological functions to apply them to the wide range of aging diseases"

The book is structured in five sections, each containing several chapters written by experts and major contributors to particular topics. The volume starts with a historical perspective and fundamental principles of membrane potential imaging and continues to cover the measurement of membrane potential signals from dendrites and axons of individual neurons, measurements of the activity of many neurons with single cell resolution, monitoring of population signals from the nervous system, and concludes with the overview of new approaches to voltage-imaging. The book is targeted at all scientists interested in this mature but also rapidly expanding imaging approach.

When you were a baby, you didn't have any teeth at all. Then as you grew, your teeth started to come in. First one, then two - and finally, twenty teeth in all!

But you won't keep these teeth forever. First one, then two, will wiggle loose. Maybe you've lost some of your first teeth already. When the little teeth come out and the big teeth come in, everyone can see - you're growing up.

Divided into two convenient sections, Protein Kinase Technologies collects contributions from experts in the field examining recent methodologies and techniques generally applicable to protein kinase research as well as to individual protein kinases which require special attention in neuroscience. These chapters will not only be practical instructions useful for readers' daily work in setting up and performing research but also thought-provoking and enjoyable reviews of recent advancements of individual protein kinases in neuroscience. Written for the highly successful Neuromethods series, this work contains the kind of detailed description and implementation advice that is crucial for getting optimal results. Authoritative and accessible, Protein Kinase Technologies seeks to foster cross-talk among investigators who study different protein kinases, and will also be beneficial for the entry of new investigators into this pivotal field.

Advances in methodologies and experimental models are pivotal to furthering our understanding of central nervous system (CNS) functions in mammals. Isolated Central Nervous System Circuits examines the application a variety of technologies to mostly active in vitro preparations from basically different CNS regions with a diversity of functions. From patch-clamp, multiphoton imaging, live fluorescent protein expression, or immunohistochemistry techniques to acute or 'organotypic' slices and en bloc preparations, this detailed volume features key protocols and examples for exciting results from the labs of renowned experts. Written for the popular Neuromethods series, chapters include the kind of thorough implementation advice that is vital for achieving successful results. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Isolated Central Nervous System Circuits will greatly aid scientists to further improve models and to develop corresponding models of not yet intensively studied structures such as nucleus ruber, superior colliculus, or basal ganglia.

Named after Selene, Greek goddess of the moon, selenium (Se) has moved has moved from being thought of as a toxicant to being considered an essential nutrient with the potential to reduce cancer risk in the span of seven decades. Diversity of Selenium Functions in Health and Disease focuses on current knowledge of aspects of Se research relevant to its medical use, and particularly to chemoprevention of cancer. It covers how Se is integrated into selenoproteins, selenium compounds with individual functions and dual functions, and unexpected links to Se such as with diabetes. The text ends with a discussion of polymorphisms and mutations in genes of selenoproteins. The chapters elucidate why studies undertaken to prevent diseases with selenium ended with disappointing outcomes and often with the opposite result, i.e. disease promotion. They show that benefit, failure, or side effects depend on: The chemical form and dose of selenium The selenium status of the individual ingesting selenium The capacity of selenium form to serve as a source for selenoprotein biosynthesis The function of selenoproteins reacting to a change in the selenium status The stage of the disease (mainly cancer) at the time point of intervention The genetic background of individuals to be treated Bringing together the accumulated evidence regarding selenium biochemistry, the book covers aspects not found in available general monographs. The narrow focus on medical uses of Se helps resolve the present confusion about potential benefits and hazards of selenium in human health. The book gives you a solid scientific basis for optimum use of selenium in preventing or treating human diseases and answering the questions: Why is selenium essential? How much is required? What are the health consequences of low selenium and can selenium reduce cancer risk?

In this forgotten treatise, preserved largely in medieval translations into Arabic and Latin, the greatest medical scientist of antiquity investigates the relationship between conscious and unconscious movements. He looks at the structure of the tongue and the oesophagus, and asks why mental perceptions can have physical effects on the body. Some of his questions still trouble modern scientists, although they would not accept most of his answers. The extensive Introduction and Commentary explain the medical background for non-medical specialists, and discuss the place of this treatise and of anatomy in medieval medicine down to Leonardo da Vinci. As well as being the first English translation of this important work, this is also the first comparative study of medieval translations of the same ancient text, and is based on new editions and collations of all three. The Commentary pays special attention to the linguistic elements involved in making these translations.

How does the brain regulate sexual behavior, or control our body weight? How do we cope with stress? Addressing these questions and many more besides, this thoroughly revised new edition reflects the significant advances that have been made in the study of neuroendocrinology over the last twenty years. The text examines the importance of the hypothalamus in regulating hormone secretion from the endocrine glands, describing novel sites of hormone release including bone, heart, skeletal muscle and liver. The role of steroid hormone, neurotransmitter and peptide receptors, and the molecular responses of target tissues, is integrated into the discussion of the neuroendocrine brain, especially through changes in gene expression. Particular attention is attached to neuropeptides, including their profound influence on behavior. Complete with new full-color figures throughout, along with review and essay questions for each chapter, this is an ideal resource for undergraduate and graduate students of neuroscience, psychology, biology and physiology.

First published in 1936, as the second edition of 1933 original, this book was written to provide a radiological study of the digestive tract's anatomy, physiology and pathology. Illustrative figures, detailed appendices and a bibliography are also included. This book will be of value to anyone with an interest in anatomy, physiology and the history of medicine.

This text is an updated and expanded technical summary of all the electrodiagnostic techniques available in the clinical neurophysiology laboratory. It includes descriptions of the nerve to be studied, the stimulation procedure, technical comments and results of previous studies. The book also includes nearly 40 new drawings and new sections on evoked responses, motor unit potential studies and other tests. This comprehensive reference should be of use to every laboratory and physician who performs electrodiagnosis or refers patients. This book is intended for neurologists, rehabilitation medicine specialists, neurophysiologists.