Synthesizing coverage of sensation and reward into a comprehensive systems overview, Neurobiology of Sensation and Reward presents a cutting-edge and multidisciplinary approach to the interplay of sensory and reward processing in the brain. While over the past 70 years these areas have drifted apart, this book makes a case for reuniting sensation and reward by highlighting the important links and interface between the two. Emphasizing the role of reward in reinforcing behaviors, the book begins with an exploration of the history, ecology, and evolution of sensation and reward. Progressing through the five senses, contributors explore how the brain extracts information from sensory cues. The chapter authors examine how different animal species predict rewards, thereby integrating sensation and reward in learning, focusing on effects in anatomy, physiology, and behavior. Drawing on empirical research, contributors build on the themes of the book to present insights into the human sensory rewards of perfume, art, and music, setting the scene for further cross-disciplinary collaborations that bridge the neurobiological interface between sensation and reward.

As recent articles about "the graying of America" suggest, a demographic revolution is well underway. The number of people living into extreme old age is increasing dramatically. By the year 2050 one in five of the world's population, including the developing countries, will be 65 or older, a fact which presages profound medical, biological, philosophical, and political changes in the coming century.

In Time of Our Lives, Tom Kirkwood unfolds some of the deepest mysteries of medical science while demolishing some of the most persistent misconceptions. He overturns the almost universally held belief that aging is either necessary or inevitable--it isn't--and debunks the idea that there exists a "death gene" that evolved to inhibit population growth. Instead, Kirkwood shows that we age because our genes, evolving at a time when life was "nasty, brutish, and short," placed little priority on the long-term maintenance of our bodies. With such knowledge, along with new insights from genome research, we can devise ways to target the root causes of aging and of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer's and osteoporosis. Expanding the thesis of the "disposable soma," developed over twenty years of research, Kirkwood makes sense of the evolution of aging, explains how aging occurs, and answers fundamental questions like why women live longer than men. He even considers the possibility that human beings will someday have greatly extended life spans or even be free from senescence altogether.

Beautifully written by one of the world's pioneering researchers into the science of aging, Time of Our Lives is a clear, original and, above all, inspiring investigation of a process all of us experience but few of us understand.

When you were a baby, you didn't have any teeth at all. Then as you grew, your teeth started to come in. First one, then two - and finally, twenty teeth in all!

But you won't keep these teeth forever. First one, then two, will wiggle loose. Maybe you've lost some of your first teeth already. When the little teeth come out and the big teeth come in, everyone can see - you're growing up.

This book describes control of ventilation during sleep in both health and disease states. The topics are presented in a fashion that can be easily comprehended with many figures to illustrate complex concepts. Thus, a wide range of topics, starting from the site of normal respiratory rhythm generation to chemoreceptor control of sleep apnea, description of the apneic threshold, pathophysiology of upper airway closure, novel techniques to measure control of breathing, effect of cerebral blood flow on breathing, effect of opioids on ventilation, effect of heart failure on ventilation, genetic aspects of breathing disorders, age and gender differences, and various therapies are discussed. Key Features * Helps to bridge the gap between straight forward physiology and clinical practice through a range of topics and use of case vignettes * Explores various aspects of clinical management and control which is beneficial to sleep clinicians, respiratory physiologists, intensivists, trainees, and researchers. * Distills complex concepts into understandable language and figures, providing helping resource to the clinicians, that transforms a dry topic vis a viz control of ventilation into an exciting understandable 'clinician' language.

The volume raises attention to the need of a completely new approach to breast cancer based on the knowledge collected on early breast cancer in the past two decades. The chapters are contributed by experts of all the fields participating in the clinical research and care of breast cancer. The practical importance of such a book is underlined by the increasing number of breast cancer cases, and also the increasing proportion of early stage-cases. The ultimate goal of the book is to point to the heterogeneous nature of the disease which is more striking and has more importance in care at the very early stages than at the more advanced stages. The book recommends the utilization of all the information provided by multimodality imaging and special pathological methods, a new classification system and therapeutic guidelines since early breast cancers should not be treated based on experience obtained with palpable tumors. No similar book has been yet released to the market. The book is written for all the members of the team participating in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer (radiologists, pathologists, surgeons, clinical and radiation oncologists), but may be useful for medical students and residents too. The chapters are illustrated with didactic pictures, and special emphasis is given to provide a peep into the practice of the special procedures for the careful examination and individualized therapy of each case.

A biology professor's illuminating tour of the physical imperfections--from faulty knees to junk DNA--that make us human. "A funny, fascinating catalog of our collective shortcomings that's tough to put down."--Discover We humans like to think of ourselves as highly evolved creatures. But if we are supposedly evolution's greatest creation, why do we have such bad knees? Why do we catch head colds so often--two hundred times more often than a dog does? How come our wrists have so many useless bones? Why is the vast majority of our genetic code pointless? And are we really supposed to swallow and breathe through the same narrow tube? Surely there's been some kind of mistake? As professor of biology Nathan H. Lents explains in Human Errors, our evolutionary history is indeed nothing if not a litany of mistakes, each more entertaining and enlightening than the last. The human body is one big pile of compromises. But that is also a testament to our greatness: as Lents shows, humans have so many design flaws precisely because we are very, very good at getting around them. A rollicking, deeply informative tour of humans' four-billion-year-and-counting evolutionary saga, Human Errors both celebrates our imperfections and offers an unconventional accounting of the cost of our success.

This book covers aspects of new developments in the field of basic electrophysiology, cardiac pacing, implantable defibrillators and addresses socioeconomic aspects related to thse topics. The section on electrophysiology provides a comprehensive overview of basic hardware equipment, sudden death, heart rate variability, signal averaged ECG, RF catheter ablation and clinical decision making. The section on pacing includes overviews on new lead developments, pacing in cardiomyopathy, as well as VVIR & DDIR pacing and automatic mode switching. Finally the section on implantable defibrillator provides a detailed view of clinical and technical aspects of third generation devices. All chapters have been written by world experts in their fields and each chapter is fully illustrated with tables, ECG recordings and black and white photographs. The book should be of use to nurses, technicians, bioengineers, cardiologists, cardiovascular surgeons, health authorities and for all who are involved in the field of pacing and electrophysiology.

Infants and children spend one- to two-thirds of their life asleep. Despite this, very little attention has been paid to understanding both normal sleep and sleep-related abnormalities during child development. This volume is devoted to breathing during sleep, its changes with development (from the fetus onwards), and the pathophysiology of sleep-related breathing disorders. Sleep and Breathing in Children: investigates breathing during sleep from the fetus onwards examines the effects of sleep on upper airway resistance, ventilatory drive, and respiratory muscle tone compares differences between childhood and adult obstructive sleep apnea, and the profound changes in breathing and sleep during growth and maturation discusses the current research within the field of pediatric sleep disorders reviews the history of childhood obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and outlines a future framework for the study of childhood sleep-disordered breathing

Stoffwechsel statt Tapete

Ist Ihnen der Harnstoffzyklus gelaufig? Wissen Sie, was der Citrat- und Kohlenhydratzyklus gemeinsam haben? Nein? Wir konnen Abhilfe schaffen.

Mit dem Loffler-Poster an der Wand erschliessen sich die wichtigsten Stoffwechselwege auf einen Blick. Da logische Einheiten farbig hervorgehoben sind, findet man sich leicht zurecht und Zusammenhange werden schnell klar.

Die Erganzung zu jedem Biochemiebuch

Focusing on the relationship between sleep and brain function and the improved management of sleep in patients with neurologic diseases, Sleep Disorders and Neurologic Diseases, Second Edition offers recommendations for the management of primary sleep disorders, sleep disorders secondary to well-established neurological disorders, and the neurological consequences of uncontrolled sleep conditions. Highlights include: Wide-ranging coverage of the diagnosis, treatment, and management of these conditions Insight into the effects of sleep disorders on both the healthy and diseased brain The neurobiology of sleep and the development of sleep disorders Sleep disorders associated with neurodegenerative diseases, restless legs syndrome, and circadian sleep disorders Narcolepsy, sleep apnea, and movement disorders, as well as the findings of new epidemiological studies With chapters analyzing the treatment of specific disease states, this convenient guide also includes additional sections on the role of hypothalamic dysfunction in narcolepsy and the emerging relationship between sleep apnea and hypertension, heart disease, and stroke.

Dennis Klocek has for many years studied and incorporated Western esotericism into his own inner research, focusing especially on alchemy and the wisdom and practicality of Rudolf Steiner's spiritual science. Based on thirteen lectures, he discusses human physiology and the hidden forces and processes that sustain our life on Earth and beyond. His informal and accessible approach delves deeply into specific organs, functions, life processes and diseases, drawing vivid images for the reader that stimulate a profound understanding and appreciation of human physiology. The topics discussed include a wide range of diseases, physical and spiritual organs, psychology, sleep and dreams, digestion, emotions, consciousness, aging, a variety of therapies and much more. Dennis Klocek offers a comprehensive owner's manual for our human body.

Taurine 8 represents the combined efforts of investigators on the roles of the amino acid taurine on human health and disease. The chapters covered in this book are directly derived from presentations of the contributors at the 18th International Taurine Meeting held in Marrakech, Morocco in April 2012. The purpose of this book is to disseminate current findings on taurine's contribution in several organ systems. This book covers the following topics: Taurine in the Nervous System, Taurine in the Immune System, Taurine and Diabetes, and Taurine and the Cardiovascular System. Dr. Abdeslem El Idrissi, College of Staten Island and Dr. William L'Amoreaux, College of Staten Island, were co-chairs of the Organizing Committee for the meeting. Data presented at this meeting provided compelling evidence that taurine is not only cytoprotective in cardiomyocytes, but also is a potent GABA agonist, whereby it can facilitate vasodilation of conducting arteries. Taurine conjugates, such as taurine chloramine, may protect cells from oxidative stress via increased HO-1 expression. In adult rodents, taurine has a potent effect on plasma glucose levels, likely through the release of insulin in pancreatic beta cells. As a potential neurotransmitter, taurine is known to work via the GABAergic system, but current research presented at this meeting suggest that taurine may interact with glutamate and serotonin receptors as well. Data are also presented to demonstrate the protective roles of taurine on neurons in neuroblastoma. Perhaps the most important and exciting presentation is the role of taurine and alcohol: the combination may be lethal. Data are also presented at this meeting of the potential role taurine may have as an adjuvant treatment with cisplatin in chemotherapy.

G Protein Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease, Volume 161 in the Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science series, provides informative and exciting monographs on a wide variety of research topics related to G Protein Signaling Pathways in Health and Disease. The series gives in-depth knowledge on the important molecular biological aspects of organismal physiology and function, along with insights on how this knowledge can be applied to understand and ameliorate human disease. This updated release covers Diseases associated with mutations in CNGA3, Mutations in arrestins, Diseases caused by mutations in GPR101, Diseases caused by mutations in lutropin receptor, and much more.

The main objective of Cardiac Remodeling: Molecular Mechanisms is to summarize the major research advances in molecular, biochemical and translational aspects of cardiac remodeling over the last 2 to 3 decades under one cover and touch on future directions. It provides a high profile and valuable publication resource on molecular mechanisms of cardiac remodeling for both the present and future generations of researchers, teachers, students and trainees. This book should stimulate future translational research targeted towards discovery and development for preventing, limiting and reversing bad remodeling over the next few decades, with the ultimate goal of preventing progression to systolic and/or diastolic heart failure. The chapters suggest potential novel strategies that should receive attention for translating basic research knowledge to application in patients at the bedside.

Synaptic Transmission is a comprehensive guide to the topic of neurotransmission that provides an in-depth discussion on many aspects of synapse structure and function-a fundamental part of the neuroscience discipline. Chapters include boxes that describe renowned/award-winning researchers and their contributions to the field of synaptic transmission, diseases relevant to the material presented, details of experimental approaches used to study synaptic transmission, and interesting asides that expand on topics covered. This book will inspire students to appreciate how the basic cellular and molecular biology of the synapse can lead to a better understanding of nervous system function and neurological disorders.

Eric Neil: An Appreciation.- International Meetings on Chemoreceptors: Historical Perspectives.- Oxygen Sensing in the Carotid Body: Ideas and Models.- Ionic Channels in Type I Carotid Body Cells.- Role of Intracellular pH and [Ca2]]iin Acid Chemoreception in Type I Cells of the Carotid Body.- Neurotransmitters in the Carotid Body.- Reflexes Arising from the Arterial Chemoreceptors.- Central Integration of Chemoreceptor Afferent Activity.- Chemoreceptor Function in the Fetus and Neonate.- The Role of Arterial Chemoreceptors in Ventilatory Acclimatization to Hypoxia.- Chemosensitivity from the Lungs of Vertebrates.- Heymans' Visit to Dublin to Review "Buffer" Nerve Experiments.- A Belated Centennial Tribute to Corneille Heymans.- Glomera that are not Chemosensitive.- Electrotonic Coupling Between Carotid Body Glomus Cells.- CO-binding Chromophores in Oxygen Chemoreception in the Carotid Body.- Actions of Nicotinic Agonists on Isolated Type I Cells of the Neonatal Rat Carotid Body.- Ca2+-Activated K+-Channels from Isolated Type I Carotid Body Cells of the Neonatal Rat.- Culturing Carotid Body Cells of Adult Cats.- Plasticity in Cultured Arterial Chemoreceptors: Effects of Chronic Hypoxia and Cyclic AMP Analogs.- Carotid Body Chemoreception: Role of Extracellular Ca2+.- Cytosolic Calcium in Isolated Type I Cells of The Adult Rabbit Carotid Body: Effects of Hypoxia, Cyanide and Changes in Intracellular pH.- Characterization of Membrane Currents in Pulmonary Neuroepithelial Bodies: Hypoxia-Sensitive Airway Chemoreceptors.- Ionic Currents on Endothelial Cells of Rat Brain Capillaries.- Urokinase and its Receptor: Markers of Malignancy?.- Electrochemical Measurement of Rapid Dopamine Release in Perfused Cat Carotid Body during Onset of Hypoxia.- Hypoxia-Induced Catecholamine Release from Rat Carotid Body, In Vitro, during Maturation and following Chronic Hypoxia.- Assessment of Na+ Channel Involvement in the Release of Catecholamines from Chemoreceptor Cells of the Carotid Body.- Activation of GTP-binding Proteins by Aluminum Fluoride Modulates Catecholamine Release in the Rabbit Carotid Body.- Catecholamines in the Rabbit Carotid Body: Content And Secretion.- Cholinergic Aspects of Carotid Body Chemotransduction.- Low PO2 Dependency of Neutral Endopeptidase and Acetylcholinesterase Activities of the Rat Carotid Body.- Nitric Oxide Synthase Occurs in Neurons and Nerve Fibers of the Carotid Body.- NO Mimics O2 in the Carotid Body Chemoreception.- Mechanisms of Carotid Body Inhibition.- Proportional Sensitivity of Arterial Chemoreceptors to CO2.- Effects of Expiratory Duration on Chemoreceptor Oscillations.- Effects of Intravenous Infusions of KCl and Lactic Acid On Chemoreceptor Discharge In Anaesthetized Cats.- The Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Lactic Acid on Carotid Chemoreceptor Discharge in Anaesthetized Cats Ventilated with Room Air or 100% O2.- The Carotid Bodies as Thermosensors: Experiments in vitro and in situ, and Importance for Ventilatory Regulation.- Inhibition of Ventilation by Carotid Body Hypocapnia during Sleep.- Metabolic Acid-Base Status and the Role of Carotid Chemoreceptors in Hyperoxic Breathing.- Ventilatory Responses to Histotoxic Chemostimulation in Hypoxia Adapted Rats.- Chemoreflex Sensitization Augments Sympathetic Vasomotor Outflow in Awake Humans.- Carotid Chemoreceptor Control of Vascular Resistance in Resting and Contracting Skeletal Muscle.- Substance P Inhibits Ventilation in the Goat.- Central Glutamate and Substance-P in the Hypoxic Ventilatory Response.- Carotid Chemoreceptor Activity and Heart Rate Responsiveness to Hypoxia after Inhibition of Nitric Oxide Synthase.- Effects of Endothelins on Respiration and Arterial Chemoreceptor Activity in Anaesthetised Rats.- Changes in Blood Glucose Concentration in the Carotid Body Modify Brain Glucose Retention.- Is the Second Carotid Body Redundant?.- Activity of Cardiac Vagal Preganglionic Neurones during the Pulmonary Chemoreflex in the Anaestheti...

Teach students to view their world using scientific reasoning with Campbell Essential Biology with Physiology. The authors' approach equips your students to become better informed citizens, relate concepts from class to their everyday lives, and understand and apply real data, making biology relevant and meaningful to their world and futures. The new edition incorporates instructor feedback on what key skills to highlight in new Process of Science essays and uses striking infographic figures in conveying real data to help students see and better understand how science actually works. New author-narrated Figure Walkthrough Videos guide students through key biology concepts and processes.

In this book, physics in its many aspects (thermodynamics, mechanics, electricity, fluid dynamics) is the guiding light on a fascinating journey through biological systems, providing ideas, examples and stimulating reflections for undergraduate physics, chemistry and life-science students, as well as for anyone interested in the frontiers between physics and biology. Rather than introducing a lot of new information, it encourages young students to use their recently acquired knowledge to start seeing the physics behind the biology. As an undergraduate textbook in introductory biophysics, it includes the necessary background and tools, including exercises and appendices, to form a progressive course. In this case, the chapters can be used in the order proposed, possibly split between two semesters. The book is also an absorbing read for researchers in the life sciences who wish to refresh or go deeper into the physics concepts gleaned in their early years of scientific training. Less physics-oriented readers might want to skip the first chapter, as well as all the "gray boxes" containing the more formal developments, and create their own a-la-carte menu of chapters.

Pressure-related chronic wounds are an important health concern that affects millions of patients and accumulates billions in annual costs. These wounds may occur when soft tissues are mechanically compressed between bony prominences and a supporting surface. This book gives a complete and quantitative explanation of the mechanobiology which causes chronic wounds. The reviews give an overall picture on all length scales of the phenomenon, starting from musculoskeletal biomechanics to the modeling of soft tissues and their interaction with bones. At the microscopic levels, it thoroughly reviews experiments and modeling of cellular forces and molecular processes that occur during injury and healing, including the integrity of living cells subjected to sustained mechanical forces and deformations. The results allow a complete picture of the tolerance of human tissues to sustained loads, and an understanding of the risk for onset of chronic wounds. Hence, this book is also valuable for all professionals involved in the prevention and treatment of chronic wounds.

Current Presentation of his Work; De Marneffe. Anatomy and Physiology: Morphology and Distribution of Blood Vessels and Blood Flow in Bone; M. Brookes. Methods of Investigation: Measurement of Bone Blood Flow in Animals; P. Tothill. Fracture Healing and Bone Grafts: The Role of Vasculature in Fracture Healing; S.P.F. Hughes, et al. Circulatory Aspects of Bone Disorders: Bone Turnovers in Osteoporosis; A.M. Peters. Osteonecrosis: General Aspects of Osteonecrosis: Pathophysiology of Osteonecrosis; J.P. Jones. Methods of Diagnosis: Diagnosis of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head; D.S. Hungerford, L.C. Jones. Treatment: Long Term Results in Electromagnetic Fields Treatment of Osteonecrosis; M. Hinsenkamp, et al. ARCO Perspective for Staging: Methodologic Problems in Staging and Evaluating Osteonecrosis; B.N. Stulberg, J.W.M. Gardeniers. 34 additional articles. Index.

The foundation of chiropractic care has always been the relationship between the musculoskeletal system and the nervous system. The understanding of this relationship has become more and more sophisticated to such an extent that we now realize that the integrity of the human frame and it's ability to move as designed can have implications in pain perception, muscle control, coordination, sleep, internal organ function, and immune response. This book provides an in-depth review of the ways in which abnormal movement in the musculoskeletal system (particularly the spine) will result in altered nervous system function and the potential for poor health.

Tried and true - build A&P confidence every step of the way! Here's the approach that makes A&P easier to master. A student-friendly writing style, superb art program, and learning opportunities in every chapter build a firm foundation in this must-know subject to ensure success. See what students are saying online… Great book! "This is THE best Anatomy & Physiology book I've ever used. Clear and easy to understand. Some of the areas of physiology I've had problems with in the past were made clear this term with this book! I had to have it for class of course, but I'd also read it for fun. (I plan to keep the book instead of sell it)" - A. Francis Good. "This was a great text for my Anatomy and Physiology class. It was easy to understand and I got a great grade." - Alisa M. Also Available: Student Workbook for Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, 8th Edition

Dieses inspirierende und motivierende Lehrbuch zeichnet facherubergreifend ein beeindruckendes Gesamtbild der biologischen Vielfalt. Spannende Aspekte der Evolution der Erde und des Lebens werden durch interdisziplinare Verknupfung geowissenschaftlicher und biowissenschaftlicher Aspekte aus einer ganz neuen Perspektive anschaulich vermittelt. Der Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei - unter Einbeziehung aktuellster wissenschaftlicher Erkenntnisse - auf dem Verstandnis von Konzepten und Mechanismen. Dieses Buch richtet sich an Studierende der Bio- und Geowissenschaften und an alle an der Vielfalt des Lebens interessierten Leser. Das innovative Lehrbuchkonzept regt - gleichzeitig als Lesebuch, Bilderbuch und Lexikon der organismischen Biologie - sowohl Anfanger als auch Fortgeschrittene zu einem visuellen und intuitiven Lernen an. Jede Doppelseite bietet ein in sich geschlossenes, anschaulich bebildertes Kapitel mit themenbezogenem Glossar und weiterfuhrenden Verweisen. Fur Dozenten und Lehrer, fur Schule und Hochschule bietet dieses Buch ein reichhaltiges Nachschlagewerk und einen umfassenden Fundus an didaktisch durchdachten und lernfreundlich illustrierten Lehrmaterialien. Der Inhalt reicht von der Entstehung der Erde uber die geowissenschaftlichen Rahmenbedingungen und die Verknupfung zwischen biologischer und geologischer Evolution bis zur Entstehung des Menschen von grundlegenden Mechanismen der Entstehung und Erhaltung der Diversitat bis zur globalen Verteilung der heutigen Biodiversitat von den Anfangen der biologischen Systematik in der griechischen Philosophie und der Bibel uber die darwinsche Evolution und die Struktur und Funktion von Arten und Organismen bis zu den modernen Erkenntnissen der Megasystematik und Phylogenie. Mit diesem einzigartigen Konzept verschafft dieses Lehrbuch einen soliden UEberblick uber die Erdgeschichte und Biodiversitat. Die Verknupfung der verschiedenen Fachdisziplinen foerdert das Verstandnis ubergeordneter Prinzipien und naturwissenschaftlicher Zusammenhange.

The volumes in this authoritative series present a multidisciplinary approach to modeling and simulation of flows in the cardiovascular and ventilatory systems, especially multiscale modeling and coupled simulations. The cardiovascular and respiratory systems are tightly coupled, as their primary function is to supply oxygen to and remove carbon dioxide from the body's cells. Because physiological conduits have deformable and reactive walls, macroscopic flow behavior and prediction must be coupled to nano- and microscopic events in a corrector scheme of regulated mechanisms. Therefore, investigation of flows of blood and air in physiological conduits requires an understanding of the biology, chemistry, and physics of these systems together with the mathematical tools to describe their functioning.

Volumes1 and 2are devoted to cell organization and fate, as well as activities that are autoregulated and/or controlled by the cell environment.Volume 1examined cellular features that allow adaptation to environmental conditions.Volume 2begins with a survey of the cell types of the nervous and endocrine systems involved in the regulation of the vasculature and respiratory tract and growth factors. It then describes major cell events in the circulatory and ventilatory systems, such as cell growth, proliferation, migration, and death. Circadian cycles that drive rhythmic gene transcription are also covered."

Selected as a Doody's Core Title for 2022! Lippincott (R) Connect Featured Title Purchase of the new print edition of this Lippincott (R) Connect title includes access to the digital version of the book, plus related materials such as videos and multiple-choice Q&A and self-assessments. Praised for its concise coverage, this highly accessible monograph lays a foundation for understanding the underlying concepts of normal cardiovascular function and offers a welcome alternative to a more mechanistically oriented approach or an encyclopedic physiology text. Clear explanations, ample illustrations and engaging clinical cases and problems provide the perfect guidance for self-directed learning and prepare you to excel in clinical practice. Chapter Learning Objectives highlight key concepts at a glance. Problems and Clinical Cases with Answers to Problems reinforce fundamental physiological concepts. Summary of Important Concepts boxes provide bulleted quick-review of essential chapter content. Multiple-choice Review Questions and Answers to Review Questions (with full explanations for each answer choice) enable self-assessment and alert you to areas requiring further study. A chapter on Cardiovascular Integration, Adaptation, and Pathophysiology integrates cardiovascular concepts in the context of normal and clinically relevant conditions. Lippincott (R) Connect features: Full access to the digital version of the book with the ability to highlight and take notes on key passages for a more personal, efficient study experience. Carefully curated resources, such as interactive diagrams, audio and video tutorials, and self-assessment, all designed to facilitate further comprehension. Lippincott (R) Connect also allows users to create Study Collections to further personalize the study experience. With Study Collections you can: Pool content from books across your entire library into self-created Study Collections based on discipline, procedure, organ, concept or other topics. Display related text passages, video clips and self-assessment questions from each book (if available) for efficient absorption of material. Annotate and highlight key content for easy access later. Navigate seamlessly between book chapters, sections, self-assessments, notes and highlights in a single view/page.