The hearing organs of non-mammals, which show quite large and systematic differences to each other and to those of mammals, provide an invaluable basis for comparisons of structure and function. By taking advantage of the vast diversity of possible study organisms provided by the "library" that is biological diversity, it is possible to learn how complex functions are realized in the inner ear through the evolution of specific structural, cellular and molecular configurations. Insights from Comparative Hearing Research brings together some of the most exciting comparative research on hearing and shows how this work has profoundly impacted our understanding of hearing in all vertebrates.

The question about the function ofsleep remains one ofthe major challenges scientists are faced with. Wherein lies the fascination with sleep? I am convinced that it is the necessity for sleep. No one has failed to experience the overpowering urge to fall asleep after a disturbed night's sleep or after sleep was curtailed or deprived, especially when our daily activities impose restrictions on motor activity. The demand ofour body and brain to sleep challenges our understanding ofwhy this is the case, and which are the benefits ofa night ofprofound sleep. Also in animals prolongation of waking consistently increases their attempts to fall asleep. It has been stated that sleep is more necessary to animals than even food! The need for sleep and some insight into the consequences of the preceding daily waking activities on subsequent sleep was wonderfully formulated by Shakespeare in Othello: Not poppy nor mandragora, Nor all the drowsy syrups ofthe world, Shall ever medicine thee to that sweet sleep Which thou owed'st yesterday It is interesting that the most powerful single intervention which invariably influences sleep in a positive and predictable manner is the prolongation of waking. The activities which people or animals engage in during the wakefulness episode are secondary in the magnitude oftheir effects on sleep.

Integrated Neuroscience argues that in order to make an intelligent diagnosis and provide a rational treatment nervous system disorders, it is necessary to answer the basic questions of clinical neurology. Where is the disease process located, and what is the nature of the disease process? For students to answer these questions, the authors first review the makeup of the cells within the central nervous system and the development of the regions within the central nervous system. A detailed anatomical overview of the nervous system, starting at the spinal cord, proceeding to the brain stem, diencephalon and cerebrum follows. This textbook focuses not only on localized diseases caused by infectious diseases, trauma, tumors, and vascular lesions within the central nervous system, but also these diseases within the systems of the brain and spinal cord. Over 250 real cases with associated MRI or CTs and any pathological findings from these patients illustrate numerous disorders and fully explain the nature of the pathology. The authors have also included six problem solving sessions in which the student must identify the ongoing disease process, what caused it, and how best to treat it. Throughout the discussion in this text the authors also correlate the neurological findings to the underlying anatomy of the region.

The new edition of this book provides an up-to-date and comprehensive overview of whiplash-associated disorders, focusing in particular on a functional approach to clinical and instrumental diagnosis and rehabilitative treatment. It fully reflects the changes in our understanding of whiplash injuries since the first edition, and in particular the increased awareness that whiplash is a whole-body trauma in which forces act progressively from the lumbar region to the brain, through the cervical spine. Detailed attention is paid to the functional connections between the sense organs of the inner ear, the sympathetic system, and the spine with a view to optimizing diagnosis and treatment. It is explained how various treatment options can be employed to best effect in patients with different symptoms, following, but updating, the well-known Quebec Task Force guidelines. Underestimated aspects such as positional vertigo, somatic tinnitus, temporomandibular disorders, and back pain are also considered. This book will be an invaluable tool in everyday clinical practice for all who are involved in the diagnosis and treatment of whiplash injury.

Under the Auspices of the Alfredo and Amalia Lacroze de Fortabat Foundation

Bilateral Cochlear Implants (CIs) offer great benefits to patients suffering from lack of hearing by improving speech understanding as well as by providing a sense of directionality. Software and hardware synchronization issues of binaural processing have limited all the benefits that could be offered by bilateral CIs. This book provides discussions on topics that include a generalized speech enhancement framework for bilateral cochlear implants using a single processor; long-term results of CIs; minimally invasive cochlear implantation; quality of life in adult CI recipients; and the evolution of the indications for CI and new frontiers.

The Clinician's Guide to Swallowing Fluoroscopy is a comprehensive resource for all dysphagia clinicians. This beautifully-illustrated text is intended for SLP, ENT, radiology, GI, and rehabilitation specialists interested in swallowing and addresses the need for an up-to-date, all-inclusive reference. Topics covered include radiation safety and protection, fluoroscopic oral, pharygeal, and esophageal phase protocols and abnormalities, and objective measures of timing and displacement.

The management of vascular and tumorous lesions of the parasellar region still remains one of the most demanding tasks in neurosurgery. It is only a short time ago that the major concepts of the anatomy of the so-called cavernous sinus were described in detail. Surgical interventions in this region are very complex, they are time-consuming and require an extensive back ground of experience in surgery of the cranial base. Pioneer anatomical studies of the parasellar region done by Taptas, and the daring direct operative approach introduced by Parkinson pro moted the development of modern neuroradiological intervention proce dures, which were initiated by Serbinenko and further refined by Debrun, Vifiuela and others. The technique of the detachable balloon catheter stimulated surgeons to proceed with the direct operative approach to lesions of the parasellar region. Today, it is hard to imagine a successful man agement of vascular pathologies of this region without a complementary use of the two techniques."

This volume is one in a series of monographs being issued under the general title of "Disorders of Human Communication." Each monograph deals in detail with a particular aspect of vocal communication and its disorders, and is written by internationally distinguished experts. Therefore, the series will provide an authoritative source of up-to-date scientific and clinical informa tion relating to the whole field of normal and abnormal speech communication, and as such will succeed the earlier monumental work "Handbuch der Stimm und Sprachheilkunde" by R. Luchsinger and G. E. Arnold (last issued in 1970). This series will prove invaluable for clinicians, teachers and research workers in phoniatrics and logopaedics, phonetics and linguistics, speech pathology, otolaryngology, neurology and neurosurgery, psychology and psychiatry, paediatrics and audiology. Several of the monographs will also be useful to voice and singing teachers, and to their pupils. G. E. Arnold, Jackson, Miss. F. Winckel, Berlin B. D. Wyke, London Preface This book tries to illustrate the practice as well as the principles involved in applying linguistics to the analysis of language disability. In writing it, I have as sumed an audience of professional speech and hearing clinicians who have had little or no formal training in linguistics. Each Chapter therefore begins with a resu me of the main theoretical and descriptive principles needed in order to carry out a clinical linguistic analysis. The relevance oflanguage acquisition studies is a major theme within this resume."

Perspectives on Auditory Research celebrates the last two decades of the Springer Handbook in Auditory Research. Contributions from the leading experts in the field examine the progress made in auditory research over the past twenty years, as well as the major questions for the future.

Self-Assessment in Head and Neck Surgery and Oncology is a one-of-a-kind, comprehensive medical reference book that showcases international, expert knowledge and judgment in the practice of head and neck surgery and oncology. It offers a variety of true/false statements and multiple-choice questions, as well as patient and case histories, coverage of the newest technologies, and much more. This brand-new resource is perfectly suited for otolaryngology residents, oncologists, and surgeons who wish to measure their understanding of how to effectively manage the day-to-day problems and issues arising in patients with neoplasms of the head and neck. Test your expertise. Various forms of self-assessment include true/false statements and multiple-choice questions throughout. Take advantage of patient and case histories accompanied by real-life photographs and scans. Reference the correct answer to every question, which is followed by a bulleted list of the minimum core knowledge required for that particular area. Access the most current information on new technologies, outcomes data, results of clinical trials, and future directions. Further your research with a list of suggested readings included in each chapter. Search the full text online at Expert Consult.

Synaptic Mechanisms in the Auditory System willprovide a basic reference for students, clinicians, and researchers on how synapses in the auditory system function to encode acoustic signals. These mechanisms are the groundwork for all auditory processing, and understanding them requires knowledge of the microphysiology of synapses, cellular biophysics, receptor pharmacology, and an appreciation for what these synapses must do for a living, what unique jobs they carry out."

Exposure to loud noise continues to be the largest cause of hearing loss in the adult population. The problem of NIHL impacts a number of disciplines. US standards for permissible noise exposure were originally published in 1968 and remain largely unchanged today. Indeed, permissible noise exposure for US personnel is significantly greater than that allowed in numerous other countries, including for example, Canada, China, Brazil, Mexico, and the European Union. However, there have been a number of discoveries and advances that have increased our understanding of the mechanisms of NIHL. These advances have the potential to impact how NIHL can be prevented and how our noise standards can be made more appropriate.

This volume is one in a series of monographs being issued under the general title of "Disorders of Human Communication." Each monograph deals in detail with a particular aspect of vocal communication and its disorders, and is written by internationally distinguished experts. Therefore, the series will provide an authoritative source of up-to-date scientific and clinical informa tion relating to the whole field of normal and abnormal speech communication, and as such will succeed the earlier monumental work "Handbuch der Stimm und Sprachheilkunde" by R. Luchsinger and G. E. Arnold (last issued in 1970). This series will prove invaluable for clinicians, teachers and research workers in phoniatrics and logopaedics, phonetics and linguistics, speech pathology, otolaryngology, neurology and neurosurgery, psychology and psychiatry, paediatrics and audiology. Several of the monographs will also be useful to voice and singing teachers, and to their pupils. G. E. Arnold, Jackson, Miss. F. Wincke1, Berlin B. D. Wyke, London Since it was their chatter which prompted the question. this book is dedicated to Sarah and VickY; to Peter who provided some of the answers; to Dorothy in gratitude; and to Him who in the beginning was the Word. Preface These pages are the long-delayed product of questions prompted by the sponta neous chatter of my two daughters when they were little. It was only possible to begin to explore these unformed thoughts through the repeated kindness of medi cal friends who allowed me to record their new-born children."

I have attempted to prepare this volume in such a way as to provide a source of information on the normal physiology of speech and song as well as on the disorders of those functions. To the extent that I have succeeded it should be of interest to physiologists, physicians, and teachers and students of the VOlce. The book is by no means a text on laryngology, nor is it a treatise on the physiology of breathing mechanics, nor yet is it a manual telling how to teach or learn voice production. If none of these, what is it? It is a discussion of the application of breathing mechanics to phonation of interest to the respir- atory physiologist, of certain aspects of physiology and medicine of interest to the teacher or student of voice, and of the problems of voice production and its maladies of interest to the laryngologist. I have undergone a number of experiences during the past 50 years which I believe have qualified me to undertake this task with some special hope of success. In my youth I studied voice for twelve years with four outstanding teachers and performed publicly as a lieder singer, in oratorio, chorus, and opera. Later I trained for and entered the medical profession in the specialty of otolaryngology. Later still I engaged in research on the physiology of breath ing mechanics and phonation, especially singing."

In this text atlas of neuroimaging the author provides a review of the pathologies and diseases that affect the head, brain, skull base, face, spine, and cord. The case presentation format of this handbook covers the important clinical and neuropathological aspects of the disease process. The book contains 350 selected pathologies, represented in 750 high resolution MR images. It also covers the aspects of neurological disorders and the fundamental aspects of the physics of magnetic resonance, spectroscopy, as well as a review of MR techniques. Given its scope, this book is of interest to radiologists involved in MR interpretation, neuroradiologists seeking an up-to-date review, and all workers in the field of diagnostic and therapeutic neurology.

The current incarnation of this Fascicle builds on its predecessors and is meant to serve as an up-to-date text-rich atlas of tumors involving the upper aerodigestive tract and ear. Emphasis in the current work remains focused on light microscopy, but ancillary diagnostic techniques, including electron microscopy, immunohistochemistry, and molecular diagnostics, are presented in detail where appropriate. This volume will undoubtedly serve as an invaluable diagnostic reference for years to come.

Until recently, the contribution of immunological knowledge to the under standingand management ofENTdisorders was slight, being largely confined to the appreciation that many rhinitic patients were allergic. Happily, this situation is rapidly changing: the immunological basis of many disorders of the ears, nose and throat is becoming recognized and the mechanisms of the reactions involved are being elucidated. From this, rational therapy should evolve. This book aims to highlight some of the areas in which immunological mechanisms are involved in otorhinolaryngology. It is written by experts in their respective fields of immunology and allergy, otology, rhinology and pathology. It opens with an overview ofthe pathways ofthe immune response and the cells and molecules involved, leading to an appreciation of the normal defence mechanisms of the upper respiratory tract and possible areas offailure. There is then a chapter on HIV infection and how this may present to otorhinolaryngologists. The normal function of the tonsil and the immunological effects oftonsillectomy are then considered. The varying roles of fungi in ENT disorders ranging from commensal through allergen to invasive organisms is assessed by Professor R. J. Hay. Perhaps the most obvious immunological contribution to management thus far lies in the immunocytochemical diagnosis of pathological conditions of the ears, nose and throat and this is covered in a chapter by Professor Leslie Michaels."

The only text of its kind for practicing clinicians, Quick Reference Guide: Otolaryngology is a comprehensive, quick-access reference written specifically for nurses, physician's assistants, and medical students. Not only is it useful as a pithy reference guide for clinicians, it is a learning system designed to foster retention and comprehension, and an in-depth review for written boards and ENT certification. The book is authored by a nurse practitioner with two practicing otolaryngologists, who are among the most highly respected professionals in their fields, as consultants. The guide is consistently organized by anatomical region and contains, for each topic, easy-to-follow tables, charts, diagrams, and algorithms to guide in the work-up, differential diagnosis, diagnostic methods, medical therapy, and treatment alternatives. The text includes procedure protocols used in clinical settings and staging criteria for common cancer diagnoses. Another important feature is the guide's overview of surgical management for specific conditions. Topics are covered on a "need-to-know" basis for written boards and certification review. Key Features: Provides key differential diagnosis guidelines Includes fifteen 'how-to' Procedure Protocols used in clinical settings and Staging Criteria for eight of the more common cancer diagnoses Presents Overview of Surgical Management for specific conditions Serves as a concise reference guide and review for written boards and ENT certification Designed for clinicians in general practice, those entering the ENT field, and for use as a diagnosis guide for referral purposes Includes six videos illustrating actual procedures, including nasal endoscopy, flexible laryngoscopy, and others

This book is about "vestibular" illnesses - those that arise in the inner ear and precipitate the sickening experiences of vertigo and imbalance, usually without warning. There are not many books on vertigo written for the general public, and the writer saw a need for one that offered not only detailed information concerning these diseases, but an exploration of the vertigo experience itself, and of the problems that can occur in searching for effective therapy and a sense of understanding. The book is unique in that more than fifty people were interviewed in order to provide a good look at a variety of real life experiences. Many of their stories are threaded through the text as examples. Included are chapters on the psychological effects of illness, challenges encountered in seeking help, conventional and unconventional treatments, anatomy and functioning of the ear, as well as a history of the development of a scientific understanding of vertigo. The book does not recommend any specific solutions, but rather seeks to provide some understanding of these illnesses and their ramifications, as well as options for coping with them. The sections of the book devoted to strictly medical information were reviewed by an experienced otolaryngologist. Comments by Madelon Baranoski, PhD, Associate Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University: "This is an informative and entirely readable book on vertigo. The author weaves her own experiences, accounts from others who suffer from the disorder, and anatomy, physiology, and treatment information into a coherent discourse on the human experience of 'the world spinning out of control.' Personally, the book has helped me understand my mother's bouts of benign positional vertigo. Reading it with me, Mom felt less isolated in her struggle with the unpredictable enveloping dizziness and I felt a new connection with her. We both felt less helpless. There is nothing like this book in the medical or popular press; I

Nothing has a greater impact on how you look (and feel) than the size and shape of your nose. But is a nose job right for you? What do you need to know before deciding to have rhinoplasty surgery? Dr. Edwin Williams, internationally recognized and respected Board Certified Facial Plastic Surgeon, answers your most frequently asked questions about rhinoplasty with the skill and intelligence of an accomplished surgeon and the compassion and understanding gained in twenty-one years of successful practice. Dr. Williams has helped thousands of patients decide whether or not this procedure is for them. Dr. Williams has mastered this complicated yet common procedure, performing over thirty-five hundred such surgeries in his medical career. In this guide, Dr. Williams addresses your every concern about rhinoplasty, including: Which rhinoplasty procedure is right for me? Is there more than one way to fix my nose? Will it hurt? How much will it cost? When can I get back to work and working out? Dr. Williams not only answers these questions, but anticipates and answers others, sharing his expertise, knowledge, and vast experience in clear and accessible language for those considering rhinoplasty.

This is a nearly complete collection of Chapters that provide an up to date overview of all aspects of Head and Neck cancer. It is written by professionals but is not only intended for other professionals, but students, patients, policy makers, etc. There are so many aspects to this group of diseases that even the most seasoned professional will learn something from having read this book.

The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of comp- hensive and synthetic reviews of the fundamental topics in modern au- tory research.The volumes are aimed at all individuals with interests in hearing research including advanced graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, and clinical investigators.The volumes are intended to int- duce new investigators to important aspects of hearing science and to help established investigators to better understand the fundamental theories and data in ?elds of hearing that they may not normally follow closely. Each volume is intended to present a particular topic comprehensively, and each chapter will serve as a synthetic overview and guide to the lit- ature.As such the chapters present neither exhaustive data reviews nor original research that has not yet appeared in peer-reviewed journals.The volumes focus on topics that have developed a solid data and conceptual foundation rather than on those for which a literature is only beginning to develop. New research areas will be covered on a timely basis in the series as they begin to mature.

This advanced book of rigid fixation describes the scientific principles and applied techniques primarily for the AO/ASIF hardware system.