Hearing loss can vary in type ranging from conductive, mixed to sensorineural, as well as in degree from mild, moderate, severe to profound. There could also be multiple permutations and combinations like moderate mixed hearing loss or severe conductive hearing loss. In addition, the hearing loss could be unilateral or bilateral. While cochlear implants were devised for bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss, various other devices have been invented for other types of hearing losses. Research continues to design a suitable implant which would amplify sound for patients who cannot be candidates for cochlear implants.

Nasopharyngeal Cancer - Multidisciplinary Management provides a comprehensive account of the current state of knowledge on nasopharyngeal cancer and its multidisciplinary management. The first ten chapters document contain essential background information on subjects such as epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular biology, pathology, and the use of imaging in diagnosis and staging. Subsequently, the various treatment options and combinations in a range of settings are examined in depth. Detailed attention is given to the roles of concurrent, adjuvant, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and advanced radiotherapy techniques. Further chapters then explore surgical treatment, follow-up, treatment of metastatic disease, treatment-related complications, and nasopharyngeal cancer in children. This is an important book that will prove essential reading for the radiation oncology community worldwide and meet the need for substantial improvements in knowledge of modern techniques.

E.F.F. Chladni's experiments and observations with sound and vibrations profoundly influenced the development of the field of Acoustics. The famous Chladni diagrams along with other observations are contained in Die Akustik, published in German in 1802 and Traite d'Acoustique, a greatly expanded version, published in French in 1809. This is the first comprehensive translation of the expanded French version of Traite d'Acoustique, using the 1802 German publication for reference and clarification. The translation was undertaken by Robert T. Beyer, PhD (1920-2008), noted acoustician, Professor of Physics at Brown University, and Gold Medal recipient of the Acoustical Society of America. Along with many other projects completed over the course of his career, Dr. Beyer translated Von Neumann's seminal work, Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics from the original German, spent 30 years translating Russian physics treatises and journals, served as editor of the English translation of the Soviet Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Physics, and also authored Sounds of our Times: Two Hundred Years of Acoustics.

The key knowledge assembled in this book comprises today's most comprehensive resource on Sjoegren's syndrome. Sjoegren's patients require the care of a wide variety of clinical and surgical specialists to treat their disease and improve their quality of life. This volume presents a broad multi-disciplinary approach, enlisting the expertise of well-respected authors from around the world, covering the specialties of rheumatology, ophthalmology, oral medicine, oral surgery, otolaryngology, hematology, and others. This practical clinical resource begins with an overview of Sjoegren's myths, pearls and tips, information for referring physicians, and diagnostic and classification and criteria. The second section covers pathogenesis, providing the backbone for our understanding current diagnostics and therapeutics. The third section is devoted to clinical manifestations and therapeutic considerations. It covers the entire spectrum of symptoms and treatment, infused with the experience and astute clinical observations of the book's contributors. With system-wide coverage of local and systemic therapy, the book examines current therapy, biologics, and emerging therapeutic targets. Presenting many international perspectives, this book creates an inter-connective conduit for the global community of Sjoegren's patients and physicians.

The Clinician's Guide to Swallowing Fluoroscopy is a comprehensive resource for all dysphagia clinicians. This beautifully-illustrated text is intended for SLP, ENT, radiology, GI, and rehabilitation specialists interested in swallowing and addresses the need for an up-to-date, all-inclusive reference. Topics covered include radiation safety and protection, fluoroscopic oral, pharygeal, and esophageal phase protocols and abnormalities, and objective measures of timing and displacement.

Two groups of animals, bats and odontocetes (toothed whales), have independently developed the ability to orient and detect prey by biosonar (echolocation). This active mechanism of orientation allows these animals to operate under low light conditions. Biosonar is a conceptual overview of what is known about biosonar in bats and odontocetes. Chapters are written by bat and odontocetes experts, resulting in collaborations that not only examine data on both animals, but also compare and contrast mechanisms. This book provides a unique insight that will help improve our understanding of biosonar in both animal groups.

The hearing organs of non-mammals, which show quite large and systematic differences to each other and to those of mammals, provide an invaluable basis for comparisons of structure and function. By taking advantage of the vast diversity of possible study organisms provided by the "library" that is biological diversity, it is possible to learn how complex functions are realized in the inner ear through the evolution of specific structural, cellular and molecular configurations. Insights from Comparative Hearing Research brings together some of the most exciting comparative research on hearing and shows how this work has profoundly impacted our understanding of hearing in all vertebrates.

Neurointervention in the Medical Specialties is a first-of-its-kind reference that serves as a bridge between the neurointerventionalist and the physicians who most frequently look to these specialists for answers to some of the most intractable problems they face. Providing background on the wide range of diseases treated through neurointervention along with the indications and alternatives to such treatments, this landmark title is grouped into four parts: an introduction to the tools and anatomical structures that are integral to the field; disease processes most often encountered by neurologists, cardiologists, and vascular surgeons; those diseases more frequently treated by neurosurgeons; and finally those diseases first seen by several other specialties including ophthalmologists and head and neck surgeons. Importantly, each chapter includes details of neurointerventional technique and case discussions that are sufficiently detailed to provide a treatment template and guidance to neurointerventionalists in training and practice. At the same time, the descriptions provide referring physicians with insight into how neurointerventional procedures are performed. Finally, there are several concluding, thought-provoking chapters that examine what new opportunities await the field of neurointervention on the horizon. Neurointervention in the Medical Specialties is a major contribution to the literature and invaluable resource for all clinicians and researchers interested in this exciting field.

In "Revision Sinus Surgery" the world’s most prominent rhinologists illustrate their experience in diagnosing and managing recurrent sinus disease and skull base lesions. Starting with preoperative planning and medical management, these challenging cases are well-illustrated with the relevant surgical techniques. This invaluable resource is designed to prevent complications and improve the outcomes of revision sinus surgeries. Both practicing and in-training otolaryngologists can use this comprehensive volume as an all-in-one source for the evaluation and management of recurrent sinus disease and skull base pathology.

This volume presents the most recent developments in diagnosis and treatment of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and those who continue to be refractory to conventional GERD therapies. The book delineates the role of newly developed endoscopic therapies in GERD and outlines the best candidates for surgical fundoplication. Topics as the risks associated with GERD, lifestyle modification in GERD and the role of H2RA and proton pump inhibitor therapy in treating reflux disease are also explored. Written by authorities in the field, Diagnosis and Treatment of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease is a concise yet comprehensive resource that is useful for primary care providers, gastroenterologists, pulmonologists, surgeons and ENT specialists.

The Second International Conference on the Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life will take place in Ireland August 15-20, 2010. The main emphasis of the conference will be on defining the current state of knowledge. However, we will also assess progress in the three years since the First conference. The Second conference will place strong emphasis on recent research results, the sharing of ideas, discussion of experimental approaches, and analysis of regulatory issues.

Techniques of Botulinum Toxin Injections in the Head and Neck is a simple, direct reference that illustrates specific techniques of performing Botulinum toxins (Botox) in the head and neck. All techniques are well-illustrated to allow for use as a quick technical reference. This book not only provides well-illustrated technical vignettes, but also addresses the many possible potential uses of Botox in the head and neck, from neurologic and functional disorders, to headaches, to cosmetic applications.

Perspectives on Auditory Research celebrates the last two decades of the Springer Handbook in Auditory Research. Contributions from the leading experts in the field examine the progress made in auditory research over the past twenty years, as well as the major questions for the future.

This volume covers the higher-level auditory processes that are part of animal perception. The chapters describe how humans and other animals perceive the sounds that they receive from the many sound sources existing in the world. This book provides an overview of areas of current research involved with understanding how sound-source determination processes operate. It focuses on psychophysics and perception as well as being relevant to basic auditory research.

The Handbook of Pediatric Otolaryngology will provide the most up-to-date information on the clinical management of children with otolaryngologic disorders. It is ideal for medical students, house officers, and practicing physicians. Systems-based sections include information which is applicable in the clinic, operating room, and hospital settings. Chapters are written by experts in the fields of pediatric otolaryngology, anesthesiology, surgery, and audiology. It is an invaluable guide, in that it covers the basics of the specialty, while also including more advanced issues such as EXIT procedures, medico-legal controversies, and evidence-based medicine in pediatric otolaryngology. While it is a subspecialty text, it is written in a manner that is accessible to those at all levels of medical training.

Primary Sjoegren's syndrome is a rheumatic disease affecting around 0.1-0.2% of the adult female population and can result in significant disability without adequate therapy. Diagnosis is often delayed and suggested therapies may not be optimal, and a multidisciplinary approach that includes rheumatologists, ophthalmologists, oral medicine physicians, and others is important to patient management. This volume summarises current understanding of the pathogenesis of the disease, including advances in the genetics of Sjoegren's syndrome. Chapters cover disease mechanisms, clinical diagnosis and assessment, secondary Sjoegren's syndrome, the role of laboratory investigations, and imaging. A therapy-based section covers topical oral and ocular therapies, and the role of steroids and biologics are also addressed. Sjoegren's Syndrome is a practical concise pocketbook featuring key points and illustrations showing important mechanisms of disease and pathways of care. The book will be of interest to trainees in rheumatology, ophthalmology, and oral medicine/surgery; specialist practitioners and therapists involved in the care of patients with Sjoegren's syndrome; and primary care physicians, dentists, and other specialists such as ENT physicians.

Laryngeal cancer is a complex medical condition, and its treatments, both surgical and nonsurgical, typically affect a variety of life functions. The complex consequences of laryngeal cancer necessitate that many different medical specialties work together as a cohesive, collaborative care team to support patients and their caregivers/families. Despite the interdisciplinary treatment that laryngeal cancer requires, many resources offer the perspective of only one specific profession. This book caters to the team approach that is needed to provide patients with evidence-based treatment and maximise outcomes. To fill this need for an interdisciplinary text, it brings together a wide range of medical professionals to represent their unique perspectives on the treatment of patients with laryngeal cancer. Each chapter addresses a different critical aspect of the interdisciplinary care and how they impact the other aspects, written by experts in each field. Bonus material: a supplemental website is available for healthcare providers to share with their laryngeal cancer patients and their families/caregivers. This resource provides critical information about all aspects of their care and treatment, presented in a simple, digestible way for the layperson to understand. When the whole team of health care professionals involved in laryngeal cancer management understands the big picture of care, they can tailor individual treatment priorities to the needs of each unique patient and maximise quality of life. Because of this, this book is designed to be a comprehensive guide for any professional involved in the many facets of interdisciplinary care for patients with laryngeal cancer.

This book reports on the application of advanced models of the human binaural hearing system in modern technology, among others, in the following areas: binaural analysis of aural scenes, binaural de-reverberation, binaural quality assessment of audio channels, loudspeakers and performance spaces, binaural perceptual coding, binaural processing in hearing aids and cochlea implants, binaural systems in robots, binaural/tactile human-machine interfaces, speech-intelligibility prediction in rooms and/or multi-speaker scenarios. An introduction to binaural modeling and an outlook to the future are provided. Further, the book features a MATLAB toolbox to enable readers to construct their own dedicated binaural models on demand.

Hearing and communication present a variety of challenges to the nervous system. To be heard and understood, a communication signal must be transformed from a time-varying acoustic waveform to a perceptual representation to an even more abstract representation that integrates memory stores with semantic/referential information. Finally, this complex, abstract representation must be interpreted to form categorical decisions that guide behavior. Did I hear the stimulus? From where and whom did it come? What does it tell me? How can I use this information to plan an action? All of these issues and questions underlie auditory cognition. Since the early 1990s, there has been a re-birth of studies that test the neural correlates of auditory cognition with a unique emphasis on the use of awake, behaving animals as model. Continuing today, how and where in the brain neural correlates of auditory cognition are formed is an intensive and active area of research. Importantly, our understanding of the role that the cortex plays in hearing has the potential to impact the next generation of cochlear- and brainstem-auditory implants and consequently help those with hearing impairments. Thus, it is timely to produce a volume that brings together this exciting literature on the neural correlates of auditory cognition. This volume compliments and extends many recent SHAR volumes such as Sound Source Localization (2005) Auditory Perception of Sound Sources (2007), and Human Auditory Cortex (2010). For example, in many of these volumes, similar issues are discussed such as auditory-object identification and perception with different emphases: in Auditory Perception of Sound Sources, authors discuss the underlying psychophysics/behavior, whereas in the Human Auditory Cortex, fMRI data are presented. The unique contribution of the proposed volume is that the authors will integrate both of these factors to highlight the neural correlates of cognition/behavior. Moreover, unlike other these other volumes, the neurophysiological data will emphasize the exquisite spatial and temporal resolution of single-neuron [as opposed to more coarse fMRI or MEG data] responses in order to reveal the elegant representations and computations used by the nervous system.

Laryngotracheal Reconstruction: From Lab to Clinic lines for using the technique of tracheal autotra- presents the experimental and clinical aspects of plantation in conservation laryngectomy. The tissue reconstruction of the larynx and trachea. shortcomings and complications of tracheal auto- The book reflects the development and implemen- transplantation encountered in the initial patient tation of a research-based clinical program. The series led to a modification of the technique. The experimental work was started in 1989 with the modified autotransplantation technique proved to aim of improving the reconstructive possibilities be reliable from a reconstructive, functional and in the following two clinical situations: (1) extend- oncological viewpoint. ed hemilaryngectomy defects after tumour In a second part (Chap. VI), healing aspects after removal and (2) tracheal stenoses that are impos- repair of laryngotracheal defects are highlighted. sible to repair by segmental tracheal resection. The The healing mechanisms of the cartilage support, two problems differ in localization (larynx, tra- the mucosal lining and the blood supply were chea), etiology (oncology, traumatic), and treat- studied for each tissue component individually.

This volume contains the papers presented at the 15th International Symposium on Hearing (ISH), which was held at the Hotel Regio, Santa Marta de Tormes, Salamanca, Spain, between 1st and 5th June 2009. Since its inception in 1969, this Symposium has been a forum of excellence for debating the neurophysiological basis of auditory perception, with computational models as tools to test and unify physiological and perceptual theories. Every paper in this symposium includes two of the following: auditory physiology, psychoph- ics or modeling. The topics range from cochlear physiology to auditory attention and learning. While the symposium is always hosted by European countries, p- ticipants come from all over the world and are among the leaders in their fields. The result is an outstanding symposium, which has been described by some as a "world summit of auditory research. " The current volume has a bottom-up structure from "simpler" physiological to more "complex" perceptual phenomena and follows the order of presentations at the meeting. Parts I to III are dedicated to information processing in the peripheral au- tory system and its implications for auditory masking, spectral processing, and c- ing. Part IV focuses on the physiological bases of pitch and timbre perception. Part V is dedicated to binaural hearing. Parts VI and VII cover recent advances in und- standing speech processing and perception and auditory scene analysis. Part VIII focuses on the neurophysiological bases of novelty detection, attention, and learning.

This practical ENT reference guide includes over 100 clinical case scenarios, ranging from basic ENT issues to more challenging clinical cases, presented randomly as they would occur in real life. Each scenario includes thought-provoking questions followed by reasoned answers and is superbly illustrated with diagrams and high quality photographs. This is an invaluable text for otorhinolaryngologists in practice and in training, from hospital-based surgeons preparing for higher examinations to established physicians for their continuing professional development.

"Phonosurgery: theory and practice" is a book that makes an impor tant contribution to the literature in laryngology. Professor Isshiki has been a driving force in the investigation and correction of certain conditions of the voice. His leadership in this field over two decades has proved to be an inspiration to those interested in the diagnosis and correction of the abnormal voice. His unique background and training in both otolaryngology and plastic surgery has provided him with fundamental knowledge and experience in the study of the voice and larynx and has given him an opportunity to utilize innovative surgical techniques in the correction of some of these problems. Professor Isshiki's name is indelibly linked with laryngeal framework surgery, and those who read this book will not be dis appointed. The book provides very adequate information on the phy siology and pathology of the voice. Emphasis is given to diagnostic aspects of abnormalities of the voice which have been made easier with the development of high technology, such as the use of the com puter and improved laryngoscopes, which include brighter lights, higher resolution lenses, and, when combined with stroboscopy and high-speed filming videolaryngoscopy, provide a valuable tool in faci litating communication between the patient, the physician, and the voice therapist.

Modern microsurgical techniques have opened up a new horizon for the otoneurosurgeon. This volume is a very important contribu tion to the student who is learning these surgical approaches. Surgical otoneurology has now passed the infancy stage, but is still an adolescent. As more otologists and neurosurgeons become skilled in this type of surgery, new and better approaches will evolve. Certainly there needs to be much better management of the carotid artery as it passes through the temporal bone. Better techniques to preserve the IX, X, and XI nerves in the jugular bulb area should be developed, and more delicate procedures for management of lesions inside the cochlea and vestibular labyrinth should be developed. As our diagnostic techniques have improved, particularly through imaging, surgical techniques to match the improved diagnostic techniques will emerge. For future otoneurologists who are pre pared, many problems involving the temporal bone that are now considered untreatable will be successfully managed for very grateful patients. The purpose of this text is to familiarize the otoneurosur geon with the anatomy of the temporal bone, skull base, infratem poral fossa, and cerebellopontine angle. This anatomy will be taught by demonstrating surgical procedures. This atlas which is an example of cooperation between the schools of Los Angeles and Verona will permit the reader to rehearse otoneurosurgical procedures in the laboratory, and, when the techniques have been mastered, apply the various approaches in the treatment of inner ear and skull base lesions. William F. House MD.