This issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Sarah K. Wise, Ashkan Monfared, and Nicole C. Schmitt is devoted to Biologics in Otolaryngology. This issue is one of six selected each year by our series consulting editor, Dr. Sujana S. Chandrasekhar. Articles in this issue include: Biologics in otolaryngology overview, Current evidence for biologic therapy in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis, Choosing the right patient for biologic therapy in CRSwNP, Knowledge gaps and research needs for biologic therapy in rhinology practice, Mechanisms and practical use of biologic therapies for allergy and asthma indications, Immunotherapeutic strategies in head and neck cancer, Cetuximab in head and neck cancer, Anti-PD-1 immune checkpoint blockade for head and neck cancer, Advances in adoptive cell therapy for head and neck cancer, Biologics for the treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, Past and future biologics for otologic disorders, Biological treatments for Neurofibromatosis Type II and other skullbase disorders, and Biologics in treatment of autoimmune ear disorders.

Offering a practical, clinically focused approach to the use of the three-dimensional exoscope in the field of otolaryngology-head and neck surgery, Exoscope Assisted Surgery in Otorhinolaryngology is an up-to-date, expert guide to the optimal use of this new technology. Written by surgeons with extensive experience in this fast-changing area, this title is an excellent resource for otolaryngologists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons who need a better understanding of the advantages of exoscope technology and its use in various surgical procedures. Synthesizes current evidence-based literature and personal experience regarding the use of exoscopes in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery. Offers a practical approach focused on clinical decision making. Explains exoscopic technology and offers helpful comparisons between the exoscope and microscope in various surgeries. Covers microlaryngeal surgery, laser-assisted endoscopic laryngeal surgery, ear surgery, lateral skull base surgery, exoscope assisted dacryocystorhinostomy, free flap harvesting, and much more. Consolidates today's available information on this timely topic into a single, convenient resource.

This book, endorsed by the European Laryngological Society, is a comprehensive guide to key topics in neurolaryngology, which enables readers to quickly identify and implement solutions in concrete situations likely to arise in everyday clinical practice. It includes detailed information on conditions such as vocal cord paresis/paralysis, laryngeal dystonia, and upper motor neuron disorders and offers clear advice on imaging and assessment, highlighting the role and performance of electromyography. Treatment options are extensively described, and there are individual chapters on functional therapy, botulinum toxin injection, the full range of phonosurgery options (including transoral endoscopic techniques, office-based phonosurgery, framework surgery, and laryngeal reinnervation), and laryngeal transplantation. With numerous accompanying videos, the book is a valuable resource for otorhinolaryngologists, speech pathologists and neurologists.

This issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Cecelia E. Schmalbach and Kelly M. Malloy, is dedicated to Head and Neck Cutaneous Cancer. This issue is one of six selected each year by the series Consulting Editor, Dr. Sujana S. Chandrasekhar. Cutaneous cancer rates are growing at epidemic proportions and consequently lead to a significant health care burden. This issue opens with an overview of the related biology, epidemiology, and preventative measures. A contemporary review of cutaneous cancer management will be provided to include the roles of sentinel node biopsy, surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy. Cutaneous cancers impact the geriatric patient population, so ethical considerations and non-surgical management are emphasized.

This issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, Guest Edited by Drs. M. Boyd Gillespie and William R. Ryan, is devoted to Modern Approach to the Salivary Glands. This issue is one of six selected each year by our series Consulting Editor, Sujana S. Chandrasekhar. Articles in this important issue include: Practical Salivary Ultrasound Imaging Tips and Pearls, Indications for Facial Nerve Monitoring, IgG4-related disorders, In-Office Sialendoscopy, Open Approaches to Stensen's Duct Stenosis, Transoral dissection of parapharyngeal space, Management of sialocele, Stone Management without Scopes, Management of parotidectomy defect, Cosmetic approaches for parotidectomy, Observation for benign parotid tumors, Management Options for Sialadenosis, Molecular Markers that Matter in Salivary Malignancy, Minor salivary gland carcinoma management, and Extent and indications for elective and therapeutic neck dissection for salivary carcinoma.

Point of Care Ultrasound Made Easy (POCUSME) is an exciting and innovative book that aims to teach all healthcare professionals how to do simple and clinically relevant ultrasound scanning at the point of care. This book will help you solve clinical problems at the bedside across a range of specialty areas, including: trauma, emergency medicine, respiratory medicine, cardiology, general surgery, otolaryngology and vascular surgery. Straightforward and practical, and designed for clinicians who are generally unfamiliar with ultrasound scanning, it will make a positive difference to your clinical practice, and help improve the delivery of optimised patient care. So read the book, grab an ultrasound machine, and please embrace the Point of Care Ultrasound movement!

For more than 30 years, the highly regarded Secrets Series (R) has provided students and practitioners in all areas of health care with concise, focused, and engaging resources for quick reference and exam review. ENT Secrets, 5th Edition, offers practical, up-to-date coverage of the full range of essential topics in this dynamic field. This highly regarded resource features the Secrets' popular question-and-answer format that also includes lists, tables, pearls, memory aids, and an easy-to-read style - making inquiry, reference, and review quick, easy, and enjoyable. The proven Secrets Series (R) format gives you the most return for your time - succinct, easy to read, engaging, and highly effective. Coverage includes the full range of topics in otolaryngology, from basic science to obstructive sleep apnea to the aging neck and face. New chapters cover pharyngitis and laryngitis, evaluation of hearing, hearing loss and ototoxicity, and cochlear implants. Fully revised and updated, including protocols and guidelines that are continuously evolving and that increasingly dictate best practices. Top 100 Secrets and Key Points boxes provide a fast overview of the secrets you must know for success in practice and on exams. Bulleted lists, mnemonics, practical tips from global leaders in the field - all providing a concise overview of important board-relevant content. Portable size makes it easy to carry with you for quick reference or review anywhere, anytime. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

The most comprehensive, multi-disciplinary text in the field, Cummings Otolaryngology: Head and Neck Surgery, 7th Edition, provides detailed, practical answers and easily accessible clinical content on the complex issues that arise for otolaryngologists at all levels, across all subspecialties. This award-winning text is a one-stop reference for all stages of your career-from residency and board certification through the challenges faced in daily clinical practice. Updated content, new otology editor Dr. Howard W. Francis, and new chapters and videos ensure that this 7th Edition remains the definitive reference in today's otolaryngology. Brings you up to date with the latest minimally invasive procedures, recent changes in rhinology, and new techniques and technologies that are shaping patient outcomes. Contains 12 new chapters, including Chronic Rhinosinusitis, Facial Pain, Geriatric Otology, Middle Ear Endoscopic Surgery, Pediatric Speech Disorders, Pediatric Cochlear Implantation, Tongue-Ties and Lip Ties, Laryngotracheal Clefts, and more. Covers recent advances and new approaches such as the Draf III procedure for CRS affecting the frontal recess, endoscopic vidian and posterior nasal neurectomy for non-allergic rhinitis, and endoscopic approaches for sinonasal and orbital tumors, both extra- and intraconal. Provides access to 70 key indicator (Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education Key Indicator Procedures), and surgical videos - an increase of 43% over the previous edition. Offers outstanding visual support with 4,000 high-quality images and hundreds of quick-reference tables and boxes. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

This book presents a broad range of perspectives on the topic of CPAP adherence. This includes theoretical underpinnings of adherence; multi-disciplinary practical approaches as well as special considerations in diverse clinical populations, age groups and cultures by authors from five continents. CPAP Adherence is a novel and highly relevant publication for sleep physicians, psychologists, dentists, respiratory therapists, sleep technicians, family physicians as well as PAP and oral appliance providers. This book will help improve patient care and quality of life.

Prescription opioid abuse has become a major issue around the world, especially within the United States and Canada. Surgeons' high rate of opioid prescriptions places them in a critical position of working with patients to manage their pain. Opioid Use, Overuse, and Abuse in Otolaryngology, edited by Dr. Ryan J. Li of Oregon Health and Sciences University, takes a comprehensive, practical look at the national opioid epidemic and provides specific otolaryngology-specific data on chronic opioid usage. Discusses perioperative pain management in otolaryngology from an anesthesiology perspective, perioperative pain management in pediatric otolaryngology, rhinology and anterior skull base surgery, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, neurotology, head and neck cancers, and more. Offers nonopioid analgesic options for otolaryngology-head and neck surgery patients and discusses a structured approach to perioperative pain management. Presents the knowledge and expertise of leading experts who have assembled the most up-to-date recommendations for opioid use, overuse, and abuse, including international pain management approaches. Covers the history of perioperative pain management in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery.

The Diploma in Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery (DOHNS) is now an intercollegiate examination, and can count towards membership of one of the surgical colleges of Great Britain. The DOHNS has evolved to fit its new role, leaving little up-to-date material available for candidates preparing for the written component. This book by former DOHNS candidates meets that need, focusing on topics that are likely to be examined. Each answer is accompanied by an explanation using current evidence-based research wherever possible. This will be an essential revision text for all DOHNS candidates. 'Applicable to medical students and trainee doctors in general practice as well as ENT and related head and neck disciplines such as neurology and neurosurgery. Each question is followed by the correct answer and clear and concise explanation. Indeed, it is the quality of this additional information that makes this book stand out from its competitors. It provides the student with experience and examination technique in answering these questions, but additionally it is a teaching volume in its own right. It is a credit to its enthusiastic and very competent young teachers in its content, design and clarity, and is another excellent contribution to our thriving specialty.' - from the Foreword by David Howard

Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma: From Etiology to Clinical Practice discusses NPC from basic science, to clinical management through the perspective of members of the Centre for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Research in Hong Kong. It encompasses not only the most detailed information about multiple aspects of NPC, but also the modern day research model of scientist-clinician collaboration, focusing on bench-to-bedside approach. Basic science is covered, discussing genetics and genomics in NPC and its epidemiology and the role of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV). Translational research is also covered, presenting topics such as animal models, plasma EBV DNA, molecular imaging and immunotherapy, amongst other topics. This book is a valuable source for cancer researchers, oncologists, medical oncologists and several members of the biomedical field who are interested in learning more about NPC management from both clinical and research perspectives.

Offering up-to-date, multidisciplinary coverage of this nuanced and evolving field, Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhea provides a comprehensive overview of the evaluation and diagnosis, as well as the medical and surgical management options, for all causes of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea. It covers all aspects of CSF leaks, synthesizing current knowledge on pathophysiology, diagnosis, perioperative care, and operative techniques for this complex group of patients. Leading experts in otolaryngology and neurosurgery, as well as ophthalmology, neurology, and radiology, provide detailed coverage of the distinctions between management of patients with differing etiologies of CSF rhinorrhea, including spontaneous, traumatic/iatrogenic, and tumor-related. Focuses exclusively on the comprehensive evaluation, and management of patients presenting with CSF leaks from the anterior cranial base, offering a reliable, one-stop resource for experienced clinicians as well as those in training. Covers the full breadth of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, with expert discussion of spontaneous CSF leaks, including evolving management techniques for patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension; traumatic CSF leaks, including advanced management of complex anterior cranial base trauma; and up-to-date techniques for intraoperative skull base reconstruction after tumor resection. Includes tips and pearls on surgical approaches and postoperative management strategies for this complex and varied patient population. Features abundant high-definition images of anatomy, radiographic imaging, and intraoperative techniques, as well as videos that highlight intraoperative techniques in patients with spontaneous, traumatic, and tumor-related CSF leaks. Provides a detailed review of the different laboratory, examination (endoscopic nasal, as well as ophthalmologic) and imaging studies used to evaluate patients with CSF leaks. Discusses the evaluation and growing medical and procedural management options for patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Offers state-of-the-art reconstruction options for CSF leaks and complex skull base defects, ranging from the nasoseptal flap and beyond. Addresses the controversial role of lumbar drains in CSF leak management, as will new and upcoming technological advances in operating room instrumentation. An eBook version is included with purchase. The eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures and references, with the ability to search, customize your content, make notes and highlights, and have content read aloud.

Point of Care Ultrasound Made Easy (POCUSME) is an exciting and innovative book that aims to teach all healthcare professionals how to do simple and clinically relevant ultrasound scanning at the point of care. This book will help you solve clinical problems at the bedside across a range of specialty areas, including: trauma, emergency medicine, respiratory medicine, cardiology, general surgery, otolaryngology and vascular surgery. Straightforward and practical, and designed for clinicians who are generally unfamiliar with ultrasound scanning, it will make a positive difference to your clinical practice, and help improve the delivery of optimised patient care. So read the book, grab an ultrasound machine, and please embrace the Point of Care Ultrasound movement!

This issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Abtin Tabaee and Edward D. McCoul, is devoted to Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis. Articles in this issue include: Classification of Chronic Rhinosinusitis: Working Towards Personalized Diagnosis; Bacterial Pathogens and the Microbiome; Biofilm and Osteitis; Refractory Chronic Sinusitis with Polyposis; Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease; Systemic and Odontogenic Etiologies in Chronic Rhinosinusitis; Genetic and Immune Dysregulation in Chronic Rhinosinusitis; Office Procedures in Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis; Topical Therapies and Stents; Revision Functional Endoscopic Sinus Surgery; Extended Endoscopic and Open Sinus Surgery for Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis; and An Algorithm for Comprehensive Evaluation and Management of Refractory Chronic Rhinosinusitis.

This issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Raj Sindwani, is devoted to Technological Advances in Sinus and Skull Base Surgery. Articles in this outstanding issue include: Evolution in Visualization for Sinus and Skull Base Surgery; Organism (Microbiome) Analysis Techniques and Implications for CRS; Topical drug therapies for CRS; Absorbable Biomaterials and Nasal Packing; Stents and Drug-Eluting Stents in Rhinology; Evolving Functionality and Applications of Microdebrider Technology; Innovation in Balloon Catheter Technology; Emerging Roles of Coblation in Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery; Application of Ultrasonic Aspirators in Rhinology and Skull Base Surgery; Next Tier Surgical Navigation Systems in Sinus and Skull Base Surgery; Robotics in Sinus and Skull Base Surgery; Emerging Role of 3-D Printing in Rhinology; Advances in Endoscopic Skull Base Reconstruction: An Evolution of Materials and Methods; and Integrated Full Solution Imaging and Intelligent Informatics.

Bleeding is a major factor that hinders visualization in head and neck surgery and is a risk factor for intraoperative complications and perioperative morbidity. Endoscopic approaches also pose significant technical challenges to managing expected intraoperative bleeding and vascular injury. The approach for this publication in Otolaryngologic Clinics is to provide clinically relevant information in a problem-based manner that encompasses assessment to identify patients with a high risk for vascular complications, pre-operative, intra-operative and post-operative strategies to manage expected bleeding and major vessel injury during endoscopic sinus and skull base surgery for inflammatory and neoplastic diseases. Clinically relevant anatomy, physiology, pharmacology, and surgical and interventional radiology techniques to manage bleeding are outlined and an algorithm for management of major vessel injury such as internal carotid artery injury is presented. Because skull base surgery is generally undertaken as a team approach, this information is relevant to the subspecialized ENT surgeon from rhinology or head and neck specializations, to neurosurgeons, to interventional radiologists, and to neurophysiologists who monitors intraoperative cerebral and cranial nerve activity for these operations. Carl Snyderman leads this issue with Harshita Pant and has composed topics and assembled an expert group of practitioners to provide information. The reader will find this a novel, focused, and indispensable resource on all issues of hemostatis in head and neck surgery.

This essential subject to Otolaryngologists on Hearing Loss in Children is edited by leading physicians and academicians Dr. Bradley Kesser and Dr. Margaret Kenna. Topics in this issue on the state of art of diagnosing and managing pediatric hearing loss include: Audiometric evaluation of children with hearing loss; Taking the history and physical exam of the child with hearing loss; Radiographic evaluation of children with hearing loss; Acquired Hearing Loss in Children and Laboratory evaluation of children with hearing loss; Management of children with non-atretic conductive hearing loss; Management of children with congenital aural atresia; Diagnostic evaluation of children with sensorineural hearing loss; Management of children with mild, moderate, and moderate-severe SNHL; Management of children with severe, severe-profound, and profound SNHL; Management of children with unilateral hearing loss; Auditory Neuropathy/Dyssynchrony Disorder; Genetics of Hearing Loss - Syndromic; Genetics of Hearing Loss - Nonsyndromic; Psychosocial aspects of hearing loss in children; Speech and Auditory-Verbal Therapy; On the horizon - cochlear implant technology; Auditory brainstem implants; On the distant horizon - medical therapy for SNHL; Early Practice Considerations for Pediatric Hearing Loss. Each article presents clinically focused diagnosis and management.

Master the evaluation and treatment of swallowing disorders! Dysphagia: Clinical Management in Adults and Children, 3rd Edition provides the information you need to diagnose and manage dysphagia in patients of all ages. Emphasizing evidence-based practice, this complete resource covers topics from esophageal disorders to respiratory and iatrogenic disorders. This edition adds a new Aging and Dysphagia chapter and is updated with the latest research and advances in dysphagia management. Written by speech-language pathology educators Michael E. Groher and Michael A. Crary, this guide helps you develop clinical reasoning skills and learn today's best practices in dysphagia management. Learning features include chapter outlines, learning objectives, and bullet-point summaries in each chapter, helping you focus on and master key content. Emphasis on evidence-based practice prepares you to make and then properly support your diagnostic and treatment decisions. Case histories promote critical thinking in realistic clinical situations. Critical thinking questions help you assess your knowledge and reinforce understanding of the material. Video clips on the Evolve companion website depict a range of swallowing disorders. NEW! Aging and Dysphagia chapter examines the increasing evidence that older persons living at home may be at risk for dysphagia without any overt underlying disease. UPDATED! Treatment for Adults chapter is thoroughly revised. NEW! Clinical Pearls highlight key information that you need to know to prepare for the clinical setting. UPDATED content and references throughout reflect the latest research in the field.

Experts from childrens' hospitals across the United States discuss diagnosis, treatment, and pathophysiology of head and neck masses in children. Topics include: Branchial cleft cysts; Thyroglossal duct cyst and ectopic thyroid; Vascular malformations; Thyroid nodule and malignancy in children; Lymphoma in pediatrics; Malignancies in the pediatric head and neck - rhabdomyosarcoma and neuroblastoma; Skull base and more including intranasal masses; Tumors of the maxsilla and mandible; Teratoma and dermoid cysts; Inflammatory adenopathy; Disorders and tumors of the salivary glands; Intraoral and lingual lesions; and the Exit procedure. Beyond relevance to Otolaryngologists, this issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics is appropriate for cancer specialists, pediatricians, family practitioners, general surgeons, and pediatric nurse practitioners. Residents training in those fields, as well as Neurosurgery and Ophthalmology, will find this practical.

Practical Laryngology is an invaluable guide to laryngology. It covers all the relevant areas in the field, from basic science to disorders and diseases to in-clinic procedures and the future of laryngology.In an easy-to-read format, the book discusses a wide variety of topics including neurological diseases of the larynx, swallowing disorders, laryngeal trauma, stenosis, reflux, acute infections, inflammatory disorders, paediatrics, benign vocal cord lesions and dysplastic lesions. Colour drawings, clinical photographs, and imaging support the text throughout, making it an excellent reference to help the clinician find information quickly and easily. Essential information is presented in a succinct and readable style, making it vital for higher trainees preparing for their final exit examinations and for consultants both in general ENT and the subspecialty of laryngology. This book is the ultimate guide for those wanting to learn more about the larynx, its disorders, therapeutic interventions, and other challenges which may impact patients and their families.

The spectrum of sleep-disordered breathing ranges from primary snoring at one end to obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea at the other end. The first chapter in this book provides current state of knowledge about the mechanisms of obstructive sleep apnea and central sleep apnea and reviews emerging therapies for these disorders. Furthermore, sleep apnea usually has multifactorial causes and affects multiple organic systems resulting in increased cardiovascular morbidity, disturbing sleep quality, metabolic balance, glucose and cholesterol levels, arterial hypertension and thus increasing cardiopulmonary and vascular morbidity. The second chapter summarises the main findings in literature and provides a brief and concise differential diagnosis. The authors of the third chapter expose and discuss current evidence of neurosurgical conditions and their role in the genesis and progression of sleep apnea. They emphasise the adequate treatment and future perspectives. The following chapter examine the effect of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) on the eye. Different ophthalmologic disorders are associated with OSAS including floppy eyelid syndrome, retinal vein occlusion, and central serious retinopathy. The last chapter in this book is focused on QT dispersion in patients with obstructive sleep apnea, with increased QT dispersion potentially reflecting disturbed myocardial repolarisation and predisposition to cardiac arrhythmias.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. The field of otolaryngology's cornerstone text - Essential for board review or as a clinical refresher Since the first edition was published in 1973, K. J. Lee's Essential Otolaryngology has stayed true to its original intent: to serve as a guide for board preparation, as well as a practical and concise reference text reflecting contemporary concepts in clinical otolaryngology. Senior medical students, residents, fellows, board-eligible and board-certified otolaryngologists, primary care physicians, and specialists in other fields will find this acclaimed resource to be completely up to date, authoritative, concise, and well written. The leading guide in otolaryngology: *Top-to-bottom coverage that spans the entire discipline, yet provides an easy, at-a-glance review and summary of key information in otolaryngology*Quick-access bulleted text makes important concepts easy to review and remember*300 board review questions help you test your knowledge of must-know concepts *Clinical pearls bring you the wisdom and experience of renowned experts*Extremely well illustrated: more than 240 illustrations and photographs, and more than 100 tables Here's why the Twelfth Edition is the best edition yet! Expanded to sixty chapters, the Twelfth Edition has been thoroughly revised throughout, including all new Rhinology and Pediatrics sections; and many important new chapters, including ones on Endoscopic Middle Ear Surgery, Acute Rhinosinusitis, Chronic Sinusitis, Fungal Rhinosinusitis, Diseases of the Nasal Cavity, Tumors of the Paranasal Sinuses, Endoscopic Sinus Surgery, Tumors of the Larynx, and more.

Deafness is one of the most widespread, costly and poorly understood disabilities in the world. Hearing impairment is a condition that involves medical, psychological and social aspects. According to the World Health Organization (WHO) about 250 million people have disabling hearing loss and two-thirds of them live in the developing world. Millions of people progressively lose their most important means of communication and became socially isolated, especially in the later years of their life. This handbook provides recent research on several different hearing disorders.

Surgical pathologists play a central role in patient surveillance and treatment by surgeons, radiation oncologists, and medical oncologists. Although salivary gland tumors are uncommon overall, their histopathologic diversity and challenge command the attention of practicing surgical pathologists. Atlas of Salivary Gland Pathology focuses on the diagnostic approach to salivary gland neoplasia-one of the more challenging fields within surgical pathology-emphasizing the need to understand downstream implications with respect to patient surveillance and treatment. The presence of formidable histologic mimicry in salivary gland neoplasia is well-documented in the pathology literature and has also been observed in the consultation practice of the volume editor. This textbook is designed with the needs of practicing surgical pathologists and pathologists-in-training in mind, providing a comprehensive overview of both common and rare salivary gland neoplasms. The primary educational objectives for readers include the following: 1) distinguish benign from low-grade malignant salivary gland neoplasms, 2) effectively use histochemical, immunohistochemical, and cytogenetic studies in challenging cases, 3) understand which diagnoses merit additional surgery and/or adjuvant therapy (radiation, chemotherapy), and 4) enhance pathologist-to-clinician communication in the setting of salivary gland disease.