Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is the most prevalent sleep disordered breathing disorder. It has become apparent that in more than half the patients with OSA, the frequency and duration of apneas are influenced by body position. To treat patients with Position Dependent OSA (POSA), positional therapy can be considered for preventing patients from sleeping in the worst sleeping position. Treatment of POSA has advanced dramatically recently with the introduction of a new generation of positional therapy. Positional Therapy in Obstructive Sleep Apnea presents improved OSA diagnostic methods and the tools needed to implement positional therapy in clinical practice. This includes patient work-up, positional therapy with or without other treatments, consequences of guidelines and future developments. Clinicians, students and researchers will find this comprehensive guide to be an invaluable resource for evaluating and treating sleep breathing disorders.

This book encompasses many different diagnoses as well as several specialties of practicing surgeons in the United States. Over the last ten years many advances have been made in preoperative assessment including imaging and diagnostic techniques, operative approaches including "minimally invasive" and robotic surgery, and post operative care. Controversies in Thyroid Surgery explores some of the controversies that arise as the result of these new findings and applications. The book is divided into the two categories of benign diagnosis and cancer topics. Both of these areas lend themselves to separate analysis of specific problems in the areas mentioned above. The text reviews recent data about advances in diagnostic techniques as well as outcomes with specific regards to the newer operative techniques. The textbook will serve as a resource for medical and surgical colleagues involved in the treatment of a wide variety of thyroid diseases. Authors that are experts in their field and have published extensively provide balanced and non-biased views of topics that are admittedly controversial. Controversies in Thyroid Surgery will be of great value and utility to practicing endocrinologists, general surgeons and otolaryngologists.

In this issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, guest editors Drs. Karen M. Kost and Gina D. Jefferson bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Larynx Cancer. Top experts in the field cover key topics such as perioperative assessment/prehabilitation; dysplastic lesions of the larynx; radiation for early glottic cancer; surgical management of supraglottic cancer; salvage surgery; vocal rehabilitation and quality of life; swallowing function after treatment of laryngeal cancer; end-of-life care; and more. Contains 18 relevant, practice-oriented topics including diagnostic assessment (imaging) and staging of laryngeal cancer; surgical treatment of early glottic cancer; surgical management of advanced glottic cancer; the role of robotic surgery in laryngeal cancer; reconstruction options; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on larynx cancer, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

This is a nearly complete collection of Chapters that provide an up to date overview of all aspects of Head and Neck cancer. It is written by professionals but is not only intended for other professionals, but students, patients, policy makers, etc. There are so many aspects to this group of diseases that even the most seasoned professional will learn something from having read this book.

Although the fundamental principles of vocal production are well-understood, and are being increasingly applied by specialists to specific animal taxa, they stem originally from engineering research on the human voice. These origins create a double barrier to entry for biologists interested in understanding acoustic communication in their study species. The proposed volume aims to fill this gap, providing easy-to-understand overviews of the various relevant theories and techniques, and showing how these principles can be implemented in the study of all main vertebrate groups. The volume will have eleven chapters assembled from the world's leading researchers, at a level intelligible to a wide audience of biologists with no background in engineering or human voice science. Some will cover sound production in a particular vertebrate group; others will address a particular issue, such as vocal learning, across vertebrate taxa. The book will highlight what is known and how to implement useful techniques and methodologies, but will also summarize current gaps in the knowledge. It will serve both as a tutorial introduction for newcomers and a springboard for further research for all scientists interested in understanding animal acoustic signals.

Skin cancer is among the most commonly occurring cancers, with incidence rates climbing among patients of all ages. The nose is the most common site for these cases. The vast majority of skin cancers of the nose are treated surgically by plastic surgeons, dermatologists, and otolaryngologists. Surgical excision requires reconstruction to one degree or another and Principles of Nasal Reconstruction will prove extremely helpful to any surgeon contemplating reconstruction of defects resulting from skin cancer removal. This book offers multiple guided surgical techniques and references to provide insight and practical guidance to the surgeon and trainee performing nasal reconstructions

In this issue of Atlas of the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Clinics, guest editors Drs. Mark A. Miller and David M. Yates bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Common Procedures in Cleft and Craniofacial Surgery. Articles from top experts in the field include coverage of cleft lip surgery, different surgical approaches to craniosynostosis, and other craniofacial syndromes, as well as reconstruction and bone grafting. Contains 12 relevant, practice-oriented topics including primary cleft lip deformity; cleft nasal deformity; endoscopic approaches to craniosynostosis; open approaches to craniosynostosis; cranial deformities; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on common procedures in cleft and craniofacial surgery, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

The concept of the “Soundscapes� includes all of the sounds in one’s environment and focuses not only on the sounds itself. Instead, it focuses on the interrelationships between person and activity and place, both in space and time. Soundscape also include influences on the acoustic environment through auditory sensation, its interpretation, and the responses to the acoustic environment in context. The conceptual framework of Soundscape describes the “process of perceiving or experiencing and/or understanding an acoustic environment, highlighting general concepts and their relationships: context, sound sources, acoustic environment, auditory sensation, interpretation of auditory sensation, responses, and outcomes� (International Organization for Standardization, ISO 12913-1:2014 Acoustics Soundscape Part Definition and Conceptual Framework, ISO, Geneva, 2014). With soundscape, one achieves a deeper understanding of acoustic environment and its effects on people.  The ISO standard 12931-1 on soundscape provides an important, and rigorous, distinction in the use of “Soundscape.� But, it is recognizable that some individuals, particularly planners, designers, lay persons, and even those primarily interested in management of the acoustic environment through environmental noise control, will find it convenient to use “Soundscape� as a synonym for the physical acoustic environment. When it comes to noise management and urban planning, soundscape research has the potential to promote healthy urban environments by sharing and incorporating the significant knowledge of all concerned parties. Understandably, this shows that the communication with regard to noise management has to be forced to guarantee that the specifics of Soundscapes (i.e., the relevance of perception) are seriously considered alongside the whole. This book will bridge the gap between soundscape theory and practice and therefore it   will be different from our earlier publications as “Soundscape and the built environment� (ed. by J. Kang and B. Schulte-Fortkamp CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, Fl  2016) and also from the respective Special Issues on Soundscapes  in 2012 in The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America (ed. by B. Schulte-Fortkamp and J. Kang), and also the Special Issue in Acta Acustica 2006 *(ed. by B. Schulte-Fortkamp and D. Dubois), and the E-book on soundscape  This volume will be driven by the difficult process of standardization of Soundscape and its evaluation procedures. The main goal of the proposed volume is to present and review the developments in Soundscape, reflecting the standardization procedure and the diverse inputs.   the needs in management and planning in urban acoustic environments, the book will also focus on the difficulties, as well as the solutions, in interdisciplinary grounded communication, that is, on the one hand, related to science, but on the other to application, that needs guidance.

The field of cochlear mechanics has received an increasing interest over the last few decades. In the majority of these studies the researchers use linear systems analysis or linear approximations of the nonlinear (NL) systems. Even though it has been clear that the intact cochlea operates nonlinearly, lack of tools for proper nonlinear analysis, and widely available tools for linear analysis still lead to inefficient andpossiblyincorrect interpretation of the biophysics of the cochlea. An example is the presumption that a change in cochlear stiffness at hair cell level must account for the observed change in tuning (or frequency mapping) due to prestin application. Hypotheses like this need to be addressed in a tutorial that is lucid enough to analyze and explain basic differences.

"Cochlear Mechanics"presents a useful and mathematically justified/justifiable approach in the main part of the text, an approach that will be elucidated with clear examples. The book will be useful to scientists in auditory neuroscience, as well as graduate students in biophysics/biomedical engineering."

This issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, guest edited by Drs. Cecelia E. Schmalbach and Kelly M. Malloy, is dedicated to Head and Neck Cutaneous Cancer. This issue is one of six selected each year by the series Consulting Editor, Dr. Sujana S. Chandrasekhar. Cutaneous cancer rates are growing at epidemic proportions and consequently lead to a significant health care burden. This issue opens with an overview of the related biology, epidemiology, and preventative measures. A contemporary review of cutaneous cancer management will be provided to include the roles of sentinel node biopsy, surgery, radiation therapy, and systemic therapy. Cutaneous cancers impact the geriatric patient population, so ethical considerations and non-surgical management are emphasized.

The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of comprehensive and synthetic reviews of the fundamental topics in modern auditory research. The v- umes are aimed at all individuals with interests in hearing research including advanced graduate students, post-doctoral researchers, and clinical investigators. The volumes are intended to introduce new investigators to important aspects of hearing science and to help established investigators to better understand the fundamental theories and data in fields of hearing that they may not normally follow closely. Each volume presents a particular topic comprehensively, and each serves as a synthetic overview and guide to the literature. As such, the chapters present neither exhaustive data reviews nor original research that has not yet appeared in pe- reviewed journals. The volumes focus on topics that have developed a solid data and conceptual foundation rather than on those for which a literature is only beg- ning to develop. New research areas will be covered on a timely basis in the series as they begin to mature.

In this issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, guest editors Drs. Devyani Lal, Angela Donaldson, and David Jang bring their considerable expertise to the topic of Unified Airway Disease. Unified airway disease is a recently defined entity that alludes to inflammation disease processes that involve both upper and lower airway, and co-management of these conditions by otolaryngologists and allergy immunologists often result in improved outcomes. In this issue, experts in the field provide a thorough overview of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of unified airway disease through the perspective of an otolaryngologist co-managing the patient with an allergy-immunology colleague. Contains 16 practice-oriented topics including environmental factors; eosinophilic disease; non-eosinophilic and granulomatous disease; cystic fibrosis; pediatric unified airway disease; unified airway disease medical and surgical management; future directions; and more. Provides in-depth clinical reviews on unified airway disease, offering actionable insights for clinical practice. Presents the latest information on this timely, focused topic under the leadership of experienced editors in the field. Authors synthesize and distill the latest research and practice guidelines to create clinically significant, topic-based reviews.

This book presents a consensus of internationally renowned authorities on the diagnosis and treatment of early esophageal cancer. Meeting at an international symposium held in Kyoto, Japan, pathologists, physicians, surgeons, and endoscopists presented and discussed the most recent results of molecular biological studies on esophageal neoplasm - its development, invasion, and metastasis.Topics included treatment modalities for early squamous cell carcinoma and early adenocarcinoma, the molecular basis of differentation of dysplasia from early cancer, and less invasive treatment for superficial esophageal neoplasm. Some 200 scientists and practitioners from Australia, Italy, Sweden, Germany, Thailand, France, the United States, and Japan participated in the symposium. This volume is a record of their presentations and discussions and will be of interest to all who are concerned with the pathology, diagnosis, and therapy of superficial esophageal cancer.

Loudness is the primary psychological correlate of intensity. When the intensity of a sound increases, loudness increases. However, there exists no simple one-to-one correspondence between loudness and intensity; loudness can be changed by modifying the frequency or the duration of the sound, or by adding background sounds. Loudness also changes with the listener 's cognitive state. Loudness provides a basic reference for graduate students, consultants, clinicians, and researchers with a focus on recent discoveries. The book begins with an overview of the conceptual thinking related to the study of loudness, addresses issues related to its measurement, and later discusses the physiological effects of loud sounds, reaction times and electrophysiological measures that correlate with loudness. Loudness in the laboratory, loudness of steady-state sounds and the loudness of time-varying sounds are also covered, as are hearing loss and models.

This is the first Q&A-based revision book specifically aimed at candidates sitting the viva component of the FRCS(Plast) examination. It provides a selection of common clinical scenarios presented in a realistic way and presents a guide to answering the FRCS (Plast) questions, as well as advice on how to approach the revision process itself. Crucially, this will help to prepare candidates to organise their thoughts, demonstrate higher order thinking and present a robust answer in the face of grey areas and controversies. The text covers all topics from the syllabus including Trauma, Burns, Facial and Soft Tissue Injuries, Acute Head and Neck Tumours, Cleft and Craniofacial, Congenital anomalies, Facial Palsy, Vascular anomalies, Trunk & Perineal, Skin Cancer, Basic Sciences, Aesthetic, Ethics & Medico-legal, and Consent. Candidates using this book will be able to realistically recreate the exam scenario either in private or in a group setting. This book is equally useful for candidates sitting plastic surgery post graduate exams with equivalent syllabuses to that of the FRCS(Plast) such as the EBOPRAS exam, as well as others. In addition, it also makes an excellent companion for trainees throughout the course of their six-year training rotation, allowing more junior plastic surgery trainees the opportunity to become acquainted with the format and content of the FRCS (Plast) exam. Lastly it may be helpful to consultants who are interested in coaching their trainees in topics other than their subspeciality.

The field of Binaural Hearing involves studies of auditory perception, physiology, and modeling, including normal and abnormal aspects of the system. Binaural processes involved in both sound localization and speech unmasking have gained a broader interest and have received growing attention in the published literature. The field has undergone some significant changes. There is now a much richer understanding of the many aspects that comprising binaural processing, its role in development, and in success and limitations of hearing-aid and cochlear-implant users. The goal of this volume is to provide an up-to-date reference on the developments and novel ideas in the field of binaural hearing. The primary readership for the volume is expected to be academic specialists in the diverse fields that connect with psychoacoustics, neuroscience, engineering, psychology, audiology, and cochlear implants. This volume will serve as an important resource by way of introduction to the field, in particular for graduate students, postdoctoral scholars, the faculty who train them and clinicians.

The Clinician's Guide to Swallowing Fluoroscopy is a comprehensive resource for all dysphagia clinicians. This beautifully-illustrated text is intended for SLP, ENT, radiology, GI, and rehabilitation specialists interested in swallowing and addresses the need for an up-to-date, all-inclusive reference. Topics covered include radiation safety and protection, fluoroscopic oral, pharygeal, and esophageal phase protocols and abnormalities, and objective measures of timing and displacement.

This book comprehensively describes alkaptonuria and ochronosis. Beginning with the history, genetics, pathophysiology and diagnostics of the disease, the authors subsequently present a detailed characterization of its clinical manifestation in the spine, peripheral joints, eyes, ears, visceral organs and respiratory tract, its pathological anatomy and histology, as well as differential diagnosis. This is complemented by the latest data on therapy and experimental models of alkaptonuria, and supported by several case reports. Numerous pictures and radiological images document the clinical symptoms, giving the reader a solid understanding of the disease. On the basis of the editor's and authors' own extensive observations, the book offers an analysis of protein metabolism and aromatic amino acids in the context of alkaptonuria. Written by international experts in the field, the book offers a valuable reference guide for healthcare professionals working in rheumatology, dermatology, pulmonology, otolaryngology and histopathology.

Prescription opioid abuse has become a major issue around the world, especially within the United States and Canada. Surgeons' high rate of opioid prescriptions places them in a critical position of working with patients to manage their pain. Opioid Use, Overuse, and Abuse in Otolaryngology, edited by Dr. Ryan J. Li of Oregon Health and Sciences University, takes a comprehensive, practical look at the national opioid epidemic and provides specific otolaryngology-specific data on chronic opioid usage. Discusses perioperative pain management in otolaryngology from an anesthesiology perspective, perioperative pain management in pediatric otolaryngology, rhinology and anterior skull base surgery, facial plastic and reconstructive surgery, neurotology, head and neck cancers, and more. Offers nonopioid analgesic options for otolaryngology-head and neck surgery patients and discusses a structured approach to perioperative pain management. Presents the knowledge and expertise of leading experts who have assembled the most up-to-date recommendations for opioid use, overuse, and abuse, including international pain management approaches. Covers the history of perioperative pain management in otolaryngology-head and neck surgery.

Titles in the Pocket Tutor series give practical guidance on subjects that medical students and foundation doctors need help with 'on the go', at a highly-affordable price that puts them within reach of those rotating through modular courses or working on attachment. Topics reflect information needs stemming from today's integrated undergraduate and foundation courses: Common presentations Investigation options (e.g. ECG, imaging) Clinical and patient-orientated skills (e.g. examinations, history-taking) The highly-structured, bite-size content helps novices combat the 'fear factor' associated with day-to-day clinical training, and provides a detailed resource that students and junior doctors can carry in their pocket. Key points Ear, nose & throat disorders account for a high proportion of the problems that students and junior doctors see during GP, A&E, paediatric & surgical rotations, but they receive little formal ENT training Logical, building-block approach to content: initial chapter on relevant anatomy and physiology, followed by focus on ENT examination. Subsequent chapters describe specific disorders Fully-updated second edition contains brand new diagnostic algorithms for effective decision making, expanded rhinology chapter and full-colour illustrations

The first book of its kind to explore this timely topic in depth, Otologic and Lateral Skull Base Trauma addresses the many facets of temporal bone trauma, including its epidemiology, diagnosis, and medical and surgical management, and contemporary research. Ideal for both trainees and more advanced general practitioners and specialists, this text is a valuable resource for otolaryngologists and pediatric otolaryngologists, otologists and neurotologists, and audiologists, as well as neurosurgeons, neurologists, physical medicine and rehabilitation providers, and occupational and physical therapists. Covers the epidemiology, basic pathophysiology, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of temporal bone trauma, including complex injuries of the lateral skull base.  Contains multiple chapters co-written by leading speciality experts: imaging of the temporal bone and brain following head injury (co-written by leading neuroradiologists); facial nerve injury management (co-written by leading facial nerve specialists); vascular injury management (co-written by leading neurosurgeons); soft tissue repair of auricular trauma (co-written by leading facial plastic surgeons); acoustic overexposure and blast injury management (co-written by leading experts in noise-induced hearing loss); rehabilitation following head trauma (co-written by leading physical medicine and rehabilitation providers, occupational therapists, and physical therapists) and more.  Includes detailed coverage of labyrinthine concussion diagnosis and management, medical and surgical management of temporal bone fractures, conductive and sensorineural hearing loss and rehabilitation after head injury, balance disturbance after head injury, and much more.  Discusses animal models of head injury and current research, with a focus on the auditory system.  Consolidates today's available information on this timely topic into a single, convenient resource.