Gain a clear understanding of the entire spectrum of today's rhinology and anterior skull base surgery with Atlas of Endoscopic Sinus and Skull Base Surgery, 2nd Edition. This thoroughly updated title increases your knowledge and skill regarding both basic or advanced procedures, taking you step by step through endoscopic approaches to chronic sinus disease, nasal polyps, pituitary tumors, cerebrospinal fluid leaks, sinonasal tumors, and more. All-new videos provide real-time guidance for procedures such as endoscopic anterior craniofacial resection, endoscopic approach and removal of orbital tumors, sphenoidotomy, and many more. Covers the full range of modern rhinology and anterior skull base surgery, from septoplasty and sphenoethmoidectomy to extended frontal sinus procedures, endoscopic craniofacial resections and complex skull base reconstructions. Clearly conveys the anatomy and detailed steps of each procedure with concise, step-by-step instructions; visual guidance features high-definition, intraoperative endoscopic photos paired with detailed, labeled anatomic illustrations. Features all-new videos expertly narrated by Dr. Palmer and Dr. Chiu. Includes new content on anterior skull base surgery that reflect new developments in the field. Helps you provide optimal patient care before, during, and after surgery with detailed information on relevant anatomy and surgical indications, instrumentation, potential pitfalls, and post-operative considerations. Expert ConsultT eBook version included with purchase. This enhanced eBook experience allows you to search all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

Common forms of preventable hearing loss are drug and noise-induced hearing loss which are believed to be produced by a similar mechanism. The generation of reactive oxygen species appears to be a common mechanism mediating hearing loss produced by these different sources. As such, a number of laboratories have focused their research towards identifying the sources of ROS production in the cochlea following administration of chemotherapeutic agents or noise exposure. This led to the identification of ROS generating enzymes, such as xanthine oxidases, nitric oxide synthase, and NADPH oxidases which are activated and/or induced during the development of hearing loss. A consequence of these findings was the implementation of antioxidants in preclinical studies for the treatment of hearing loss. These antioxidants have provided different levels of protection in animal and human studies, but none of these have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hearing loss. More recently, it was shown that noise-induced hearing loss was associated with recruitment of inflammatory cells and mediators in the cochlea. This finding would suggest that noise could produce injury to the cochlea which stimulates local and/or circulating inflammatory cells. A similar finding was observed in the cochlea following administration of the anticancer drug, cisplatin. In addition, our laboratory and others have provided a plausible mechanism by which noise or chemotherapeutic agents could stimulate the inflammatory response. Surprisingly, this mechanism involves ROS activation of transcription factors linked to inflammatory processes in the cochlea. These studies have led to the use of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of hearing loss. Preliminary studies targeting inflammatory cytokines appear especially promising in preclinical studies. A primary goal of this project is to describe our current understanding of the oxidant hypothesis of noise and drug-induced hearing loss and show how this relates to cochlear inflammation. Several different aspects of the cochlear inflammatory process will be discussed in detail, ranging from the sources of inflammatory cells, chemokines, inflammatory cytokines, and cochlea resident immune cells. Molecular pathways leading to activation of the local inflammatory process will be highlighted and treatment options will be discussed. The relevance of certain clinically used anti-inflammatory interventions, such as trans-typmanic steroids will also be discussed. Furthermore, we will examine recent patents focusing on the use of anti-inflammatory agents for the treatment of drug and noise-induced hearing loss.

The auditory system is a complex neural system composed of many types of neurons connected into networks. One feature that sets the auditory system apart from other sensory systems, such as somatosensory or visual systems, is the many stages of neural processing that occur between the ear in the periphery and the cerebral cortex. Each stage is composed of specialized types of neurons connected in specific microcircuits that perform computations on the information about sound. To understand this processing, all the tools of neuroscience must be employed. The proposed text integrates cell biology, synaptic physiology, and electrophysiology to fully develop the topic, presenting an overview of the functional anatomy of the central auditory system. It is organized based on the neuronal connectivity of the central auditory system, which emphasizes the neurons, their synaptic organization, and their formation of functional pathways and microcircuits. The goal of the book is to stimulate research into the cell biology of the central auditory system and the characteristics of the specific neurons and connections that are necessary for normal hearing. Future research on the development of the central auditory including that employing stem cells will require such information in order to engineer appropriate therapeutic approaches.

This textbook is a product of William Bennett's work in developing and teaching a course on the physics of music at Yale University to a diverse audience of musicians and science students in the same class. The book is a culmination of over a decade of teaching the course and weaves together historical descriptions of the physical phenomena with the author's clear interpretations of the most important aspects of the science of music and musical instruments. Many of the historical examples are not found in any other textbook available on the market. As the co-inventor of the Helium-Neon laser, Prof. Bennett's knowledge of physics was world-class. As a professor at one of the most prestigious liberal-arts universities in the world, his appreciation for culture and humanities shines through. The book covers the basics of oscillations, waves and the analysis techniques necessary for understanding how musical instruments work. All types of stringed instruments, pipe organs, and the human voice are covered in this volume. A second volume covers the remaining families of musical instruments as well as selected other topics. Readers without a background in acoustics will enjoy learning the physics of the Science of Musical Sound from a preeminent scientist of the 20th century. Those well versed in acoustics will discover wonderful illustrations and photographs depicting familiar concepts in new and enlightening ways.

By far, the most widely used subjects in psychological and biological research today are rodents. Although rats and mice comprise the largest group of animals used in research, there are over 2,000 species and 27 families of rodents, living all over the world (except Antarctica) and thriving in many different habitat types. The vast environmental diversity that rodents face has led to numerous adaptations for communication, including vocalizing and hearing in both the sonic and ultrasonic ranges, effectively communicating in the open air and underground, and using vocalizations for coordinating sexual behavior, for mother-pup interactions, and for signaling an alarming situation to the group. Some rodent species have even developed foot drumming behaviors for communication. Comparative studies from around the globe, using both field and laboratory methodologies, reveal the vast differences in acoustic communication behavior across many rodent species. Some rodents are amenable to training and have been domesticated and bred purely for research purposes. Since the early 1900s, rats and mice have been indispensable to research programs around the world. Thus, much of what we know about hearing and vocalizations in rodents come from these two species tested in the laboratory. The sequencing of the mouse genome in 2002, followed by the rat genome in 2004, only increased the utility of these animals as research subjects since genetically engineered strains mimicking human diseases and disorders could be developed more easily. In the laboratory, rats and mice are used as models for human communication and hearing disorders and are involved in studies on hearing loss and prevention, hormones, and auditory plasticity, to name a few. We know that certain strains of mice retain hearing better than others throughout their lifespan, and about the genes involved in those differences. We know about the effects of noise, hormones, sex, aging, and circadian rhythms on hearing in mice and other rodents. We also know about normal hearing in many families of rodents, including the perception of simple and complex stimuli and the anatomy and physiology of hearing and sound localization. The importance of acoustic communication to these animals, as well as the significance of these mammals to biomedical research, are summarized in the chapters.

ENT Made Easy is the ideal clinical text for GPs, ENT trainees, medical students and nurse practitioners looking to manage common ENT conditions. Diseases of the ears, nose and throat are amongst the most common presentations in primary care, and many patients are referred to ENT clinics in secondary care for further medical and surgical management. To help reduce these referrals this book guides readers through the basic anatomy and pathophysiology and then, for each presentation, provides: an introduction which describes possible causes and the history required a section on diagnosis, including which examinations and investigations to consider management options, complications to look out for, and when to refer. This book offers practical guidance and so helps to fill the gap between ENT theory and the actual work experience. In addition to covering the common presentations, from allergic rhinitis to vertigo, via dysphagia and halitosis, the book also provides a description of the main investigations and covers the particular problems occurring in paediatric cases.

The evolution of vertebrate hearing is of considerable interest in the hearing community. However, there has never been a volume that has focused on the paleontological evidence for the evolution of hearing and the ear, especially from the perspective of some of the leading paleontologists and evolutionary biologists in the world. Thus, this volume is totally unique, and takes a perspective that has never been taken before. It brings to the fore some of the most recent discoveries among fossil taxa, which have demonstrated the sort of detailed information that can be derived from the fossil record, illuminating the evolutionary pathways this sensory system has taken and the diversity it had achieved.

This volume will serve as the first Handbook of its kind in the area of hearing aid research, often the least-defined, least-understood, part of the multi-disciplinary research process. Most scientific training is very advanced within the particular disciplines but provides little opportunity for systematic introduction to the issues and obstacles that prevent effective hearing-aid related research. This area has emerged as one of critical importance, as signified by a single specialized meeting (the International Hearing Aid Conference, IHCON) that brings together specialists from the disparate disciplines involved, including both university and industry researchers. Identification of the key steps that enable high-impact basic science to ultimately result in significant clinical advances that improve patient outcome is critical. This volume will provide an overview of current key issues in hearing aid research from the perspective of many different disciplines, not only from the perspective of the key funding agencies, but also from the scientists and clinicians who are currently involved in hearing aid research. It will offer insight into the experience, current technology and future technology that can help improve hearing aids, as scientists and clinicians typically have little or no formal training over the whole range of the individual disciplines that are relevant. The selection and coverage of topics insures that it will have lasting impact, well beyond immediate, short-term, or parochial concerns.

This volume presents a set of essays that discuss the development and plasticity of the vertebrate auditory system. The topic is one that has been considered before in the Springer Handbook of Auditory Research (volume 9 in 1998, and volume 23 in 2004) but the field has grown substantially and it is appropriate to bring previous material up to date to reflect the wealth of new data and to raise some entirely new topics. At the same time, this volume is also unique in that it is the outgrowth of a symposium honoring two-time SHAR co-editor Professor Edwin W Rubel on his retirement. The focus of this volume, though, is an integrated set of papers that reflect the immense contributions that Dr. Rubel has made to the field over his career. Thus, the volume concurrently presents a topic that is timely for SHAR, but which also honors the pioneer in the field. Each chapter explores development with consideration of plasticity and how it becomes limited over time. The editors have selected authors with professional, and often personal, connections to Dr. Rubel, though all are, in their own rights, outstanding scholars and leaders in their fields. The specific audience will be graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and established psychologists and neuroscientists who are interested in auditory function, development, and plasticity. This volume will also be of interest to hearing scientists and to the broad neuroscience community because many of the ideas and principles associate with the auditory system are applicable to most sensory systems. The volume is organized to appeal to psychophysicists, neurophysiologists, anatomists, and systems neuroscientists who attend meetings such as those held by the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, the Acoustical Society of America, and the Society for Neuroscience.

Insect Hearing provides a broadly based view of the functions, mechanisms, and evolution of hearing in insects. With a single exception, the chapters focus on problems of hearing and their solutions, rather than being focused on particular taxa. The exception, hearing in Drosophila, is justified because, due to its ever growing toolbox of genetic and optical techniques, Drosophila is rapidly becoming one of the most important model systems in neurobiology, including the neurobiology of hearing. Auditory systems, whether insectan or vertebrate, must perform a number of basic tasks: capturing mechanical stimuli and transducing these into neural activity, representing the timing and frequency of sound signals, distinguishing between behaviorally relevant signals and other sounds and localizing sound sources. Studying how these are accomplished in insects offers a valuable comparative view that helps to reveal general principles of auditory function.

Translational Research is the interface between basic science and human clinical application, including the entire process from animal studies to human clinical trials (phases I, II, and III). Translational Research moves promising basic science results from the laboratory to bedside application. Yet, this transition is often the least-defined, least-understood part of the research process. Most scientific training programs provide little or no systematic introduction to the issues, challenges, and obstacles that prevent effective research translation, even though these are the key steps that enable high-impact basic science to ultimately result in significant clinical advances that improve patient outcome. This volume will provide an overview of key issues in translation of research from "bedside to bench to bedside", not only from the perspective of the key funding agencies, but also from the scientists and clinicians who are currently involved in the translational research process. It will attempt to offer insight into real-world experience with intellectual property and technology transfer activities that can help move auditory technologies ahead, as scientists and clinicians typically have little or no formal training in these areas. Translational Research in Audiology and the Hearing Sciences will be aimed at graduate students and postdoctoral investigators, as well as professionals and academics. It is intended to function as a high-profile and up-to-date reference work on Translational Research in the auditory sciences, emphasizing research programs in the traditional areas including drugs and devices, as well as less traditional, still emerging, areas such as sensorineural hearing loss, auditory processing disorder, cochlear implants and hearing aids, and tinnitus therapies.

The International Symposium on Hearing is a prestigious, triennial gathering where world-class scientists present and discuss the most recent advances in the field of human and animal hearing research. The 2015 edition will particularly focus on integrative approaches linking physiological, psychophysical and cognitive aspects of normal and impaired hearing. Like previous editions, the proceedings will contain about 50 chapters ranging from basic to applied research, and of interest to neuroscientists, psychologists, audiologists, engineers, otolaryngologists, and artificial intelligence researchers.

Although the fundamental principles of vocal production are well-understood, and are being increasingly applied by specialists to specific animal taxa, they stem originally from engineering research on the human voice. These origins create a double barrier to entry for biologists interested in understanding acoustic communication in their study species. The proposed volume aims to fill this gap, providing easy-to-understand overviews of the various relevant theories and techniques, and showing how these principles can be implemented in the study of all main vertebrate groups. The volume will have eleven chapters assembled from the world's leading researchers, at a level intelligible to a wide audience of biologists with no background in engineering or human voice science. Some will cover sound production in a particular vertebrate group; others will address a particular issue, such as vocal learning, across vertebrate taxa. The book will highlight what is known and how to implement useful techniques and methodologies, but will also summarize current gaps in the knowledge. It will serve both as a tutorial introduction for newcomers and a springboard for further research for all scientists interested in understanding animal acoustic signals.

This book represents the first interdisciplinary text on the emerging field of rehabilitative surgery, in which state of the art procedures from multiple surgical specialties are combined. It proposes a completely new framework for understanding, coordinating, and providing treatment for paralyzed or severely neurologically impaired patients and explains the potentially critical impact of surgery in creating a new baseline of functional status, thereby improving the patient's daily life. Every major aspect of reconstructive surgical treatment is considered, including anesthesia, orthopedic surgery, plastic surgery, neurosurgery, general surgery, vascular surgery, and otolaryngology. The most up-to-date and evidence-based surgeries are clearly described and evaluated, with coverage of treatment of pressure sores, placement of feeding tubes, and upper extremity interventions to improve function and hygiene. Cutting-edge protocols are presented for the surgical treatment of severe nerve injuries, spinal cord injuries, and stroke or cerebrovascular accidents, and a first description and evaluation of phrenic nerve repair to assist weaning of paralyzed patients from ventilators is provided. Both surgical and nonsurgical readers will find this book to be an ideal guide and reference.

1 Die Chirurgie des Felsenbeins und der lateralen Schadelbasis.- 1 Unsere Langzeiterfahrungen bei der Behandlung von jugulotympanalen Paragangliomen.- 2 Der Wert der Somatostatinszintigraphie in der Diagnostik der Paragangliome.- 3 Das Felsenbeinkarzinom - eine interdisziplinare Herausforderung.- 4 Unser Konzept beim Karzinom des ausseren Gehoerganges.- 5 Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen der Karotiskanalchirurgie.- 6 Intrakraniell bedrohliche Erkrankungen durch unscheinbare Entzundungen des Mittelohrs.- 7 Der transtemporale Zugang zum Klivus und zur petroklivalen Region Chirurgische Anatomie und klinische Erfahrung.- 8 Topographische Anatomie der Felsenbeinspitze und des Dorello-Kanals.- 9 Differentialdiagnosen von Raumforderungen des inneren Gehoergangs.- 10 Zum Stellenwert der Sakkotomierevision in der Behandlung des Morbus Meniere.- 11 Der subtemporale Zugangsweg - eine gehoererhaltende Alternative beim Felsenbeincholesteatom.- 12 Wie stellt sich die laterale Schadelbasis im Dunnschnittplastinat dar?.- 13 Langerhans-Zellhistiozytose mit Beteiligung des Felsenbeins.- 14 Massive Osteolyse Gorham-Stout des Felsenbeins und des kraniozervikalen UEbergangs.- 15 Falldarstellung: Lymphangiom des Felsenbeins.- 16 Missbildungen der lateralen Schadelbasis.- 2 Die Therapie des Vestibularisschwannoms.- 17 Funktionserhaltende Chirurgie des Akustikusneurinoms - Ergebnisse interdisziplinarer Kooperation.- 18 Hoervermoegen vor, wahrend und nach transtemporaler Akustikusneurinomexstirpation.- 19 Wurzburger Schule der Akustikusneurinomchirurgie Interdisziplinare Chirurgie des Akustikusneurinoms - Wurzburger Konzept aus der Sicht des Otochirurgen.- 20 Zur Wait-and-See-Strategie beim einseitigen Akustikusneurinom.- 21 Die radiochirurgische Therapie des Akustikusneurinoms Technik im internationalen Vergleich.- 22 Rundtischgesprach zur Therapie des Vestibularisschwannoms.- 3 "Multi-information-guided therapy", CAS und neue Technologien in der Schadelbasischirurgie.- 23 3D-Navigation an der frontalen und lateralen Schadelbasis.- 24 Intraoperative Bildgebung und Neuronavigation - Gegenwart und Weiterentwicklung.- 25 Die Kombination der konventionellen CAS mit der intraoperativen Navigation der Laterobasis: enhanced CAS.- 26 Telemedizin in der Chirurgie der lateralen Schadelbasis - Vergleich ISDN, Internet, ATM.- 27 Computerassistierte Chirurgie der lateralen Schadelbasis Aktuelle Moeglichkeiten und zukunftige Entwicklungen.- 28 Variationen des navigationsgestutzten Zugangs zur lateralen Schadelbasis.- 29 Moegliche Fehler bei der Anwendung von CAS-Systemen an der Schadelbasis.- 30 Anwendungsmoeglichkeiten der Telemedizin in der Schadelbasischirurgie.- 31 MRT-Visualisierung der Schadelbasisregion von unfixierten und kurzzeitfixierten Materialien.- 4 Experimentelle und histopathologische Untersuchungen zur Chirurgie der lateralen Schadelbasis.- 32 Tierexperimentelle Untersuchung zur medikamentoesen Therapie der traumatischen Optikusneuropathie.- 33 Molekulargenetische und zellbiologische Untersuchungen am NF2-Gen.- 34 Analyse des adenoidzystischen Karzinomes mittels Laser-Scanning-Zytometrie.- 35 Das maligne fibroese Histiozytom der Kieferhoehle.- 36 Das intratemporale Fazialisneurinom: Diagnostik und Therapie.- 37 Neurobiokompatibilitat von Titan, Gold und Silikon in vitro.- 38 Angiosarkomentstehung in Schwannomen des Nervus vagus.- 39 Minimal-invasiv applizierbare Zell- und Gewebetrager fur die Schadelbasischirurgie.- 40 Dehiszenzen des Paries jugularies und Haufigkeit zusatzlicher Knochenkanale der Fossa jugularis.- 5 Aktuelle Aspekte der Chirurgie der vorderen Schadelbasis.- 41 Neue Aspekte zur Therapie des Lagophthalmus.- 42 Invasive Mukozelen der Stirnhoehle - therapeutisches Vorgehen.- 43 Das Osteosarkom der Schadelbasis.- 44 Dorsale und ventrale kraniozervikale Stabilisierung bei progredienter basilarer Impression nach Densresektion bei PCP.- 45 Optikusdekompression bei bewusstlosen Patienten.- 46 Dislokation des

The Auditory System at the Cocktail Party is a rather whimsical title that points to the very serious challenge faced by listeners in most everyday environments: how to hear out sounds of interest amid a cacophony of competing sounds. The volume presents the mechanisms for bottom-up object formation and top-down object selection that the auditory system employs to meet that challenge. Ear and Brain Mechanisms for Parsing the Auditory Scene by John C. Middlebrooks and Jonathan Z. Simon Auditory Object Formation and Selection by Barbara Shinn-Cunningham, Virginia Best, and Adrian K. C. Lee Energetic Masking and Masking Release by John F. Culling and Michael A. Stone Informational Masking in Speech Recognition by Gerald Kidd, Jr. and H. Steven Colburn Modeling the Cocktail Party Problem by Mounya Elhilali Spatial Stream Segregation by John C. Middlebrooks Human Auditory Neuroscience and the Cocktail Party Problem by Jonathan Z. Simon Infants and Children at the Cocktail Party by Lynne Werner Older Adults at the Cocktail Party by M. Kathleen Pichora-Fuller, Claude Alain, and Bruce A. Schneider Hearing with Cochlear Implants and Hearing Aids in Complex Auditory Scenes by Ruth Y. Litovsky, Matthew J. Goupell, Sara M. Misurelli, and Alan Kan About the Editors: John C. Middlebrooks is a Professor in the Department of Otolaryngology at the University of California, Irvine, with affiliate appointments in the Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, the Department of Cognitive Sciences, and the Department of Biomedical Engineering. Jonathan Z. Simon is a Professor at the University of Maryland, College Park, with joint appointments in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, the Department of Biology, and the Institute for Systems Research. Arthur N. Popper is Professor Emeritus and Research Professor in the Department of Biology at the University of Maryland, College Park. Richard R. Fay is Distinguished Research Professor of Psychology at Loyola University, Chicago. About the Series: The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of synthetic reviews of fundamental topics dealing with auditory systems. Each volume is independent and authoritative; taken as a set, this series is the definitive resource in the field.

Compiled by an internationally recognized team of contributors, this reference spans methods to effectively identify, diagnose, and treat this frequently challenging group of rhinopathies. Addressing both generic and disease-specific issues, this source spans possible causes of nonallergic rhinitis such as fumes, odors, temperature, atmospheric changes, smoke, and other nasal irritants, while highlighting critical scientific and clinical issues.

Nasal continuous positive airway pressure ventilation is the gold standard in the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. Long-term compliance rates are about 60%. Therefore, several alternative treatment options are of special interest. Beside conservative therapies, various surgical concepts exist. The field of surgery for sleep disordered breathing has rapidly grown with new instrumentation and surgical techniques in the last 10 years. Surgeons in these fields have to attend scientific meetings, participate in workshops, and read the literature to stay up to date. In our sleep laboratories we conduct 30 polysomnographies each night. Each year, we perform almost 1,000 surgical procedures for sleep disordered breathing apart from numerous other conservative and apparative treatment modalities. Referring to our expe- ence and the present literature, we tried to give new information on surgical techniques in this second edition. The chapters are grouped in different anatomical fields of interest. We wanted to give general advice and specific new hints for the surgery of sleep disordered breathing so that the reader learns basic techniques followed by more advanced surgery. In addition to the illustrated surgical descriptions, the chapters contain informations about indications and contraindications of each surgical procedure and the postoperative care. Special interest has been dedicated to evidence-based medicine. So in each chapter, there is a table of references summarizing the effectiveness of the procedure and EBM grade.

This dictionary includes a wide range of terms that are in general use in relation to the multi-disciplinary subject of hearing. It covers the fields of acoustics, audiology, electronics, medicine, phonetics, rehabilitation and social administration. The dictionary has been compiled to meet the needs of the professional who is non-specialist in some of the fields, of students taking courses related to hearing, of the lay person and of those whose first language is not English. The needs of the specialist are supported by the availability of concise definitions of terms in common usage.

This issue of Otolaryngologic Clinics, guest edited by Drs. James E. Saunders, Susan R. Cordes and Mark E. Zafereo, is devoted to Global Health in Otolaryngology. Articles in this outstanding issue include: Surgical Care and Otolaryngology in Global Health; Otolaryngology and the Global Burden of Disease; Health Organization and Otolaryngology; Otolaryngology in Low-Resource Settings: Practical and Ethical Considerations; Using Technology in Global Otolaryngology; Educational Resources for Global Health in Otolaryngology; Global Hearing Loss Prevention and Services; Management of Chronic Ear Disease and Otosclerosis; An Evidenced-Based Practical Approach to Pediatric Otolaryngology in the Developing World; Outcome of Head Neck Squamous Cell Cancers in Low Resource Settings: Challenges and Opportunities; Thyroid Disease Around the World; Workforce Considerations, Training and Diseases in Africa; Workforce Considerations, Training and Diseases in Latin America; Workforce Considerations, Training and Diseases in Asia/Pacific; Workforce Considerations, Training and Diseases in the Middle East; Workforce Considerations, Training and Diseases in Europe; and Overview of Otolaryngology-related Disorders in Underserved Populations, Otolaryngology Training, and Workforce Considerations in North America.

This is the first book to cover all currently available methods to manage pre-, intra- and post-lacrimal sac stenosis. Comprehensive multidisciplinary approaches in adults and children are described. International experts provide a stepwise analysis and describe the clinical management of these patients with detailed medical and surgical treatment plans. With this guide's highly structured and reader-friendly format, the reader will be able to solve any problem that may occur with the reconstruction of a disturbed or damaged lacrimal system.

Nasopharyngeal Cancer - Multidisciplinary Management provides a comprehensive account of the current state of knowledge on nasopharyngeal cancer and its multidisciplinary management. The first ten chapters document contain essential background information on subjects such as epidemiology, pathogenesis, molecular biology, pathology, and the use of imaging in diagnosis and staging. Subsequently, the various treatment options and combinations in a range of settings are examined in depth. Detailed attention is given to the roles of concurrent, adjuvant, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy and advanced radiotherapy techniques. Further chapters then explore surgical treatment, follow-up, treatment of metastatic disease, treatment-related complications, and nasopharyngeal cancer in children. This is an important book that will prove essential reading for the radiation oncology community worldwide and meet the need for substantial improvements in knowledge of modern techniques.

The hearing organs of non-mammals, which show quite large and systematic differences to each other and to those of mammals, provide an invaluable basis for comparisons of structure and function. By taking advantage of the vast diversity of possible study organisms provided by the "library" that is biological diversity, it is possible to learn how complex functions are realized in the inner ear through the evolution of specific structural, cellular and molecular configurations. Insights from Comparative Hearing Research brings together some of the most exciting comparative research on hearing and shows how this work has profoundly impacted our understanding of hearing in all vertebrates.

The key knowledge assembled in this book comprises today's most comprehensive resource on Sjoegren's syndrome. Sjoegren's patients require the care of a wide variety of clinical and surgical specialists to treat their disease and improve their quality of life. This volume presents a broad multi-disciplinary approach, enlisting the expertise of well-respected authors from around the world, covering the specialties of rheumatology, ophthalmology, oral medicine, oral surgery, otolaryngology, hematology, and others. This practical clinical resource begins with an overview of Sjoegren's myths, pearls and tips, information for referring physicians, and diagnostic and classification and criteria. The second section covers pathogenesis, providing the backbone for our understanding current diagnostics and therapeutics. The third section is devoted to clinical manifestations and therapeutic considerations. It covers the entire spectrum of symptoms and treatment, infused with the experience and astute clinical observations of the book's contributors. With system-wide coverage of local and systemic therapy, the book examines current therapy, biologics, and emerging therapeutic targets. Presenting many international perspectives, this book creates an inter-connective conduit for the global community of Sjoegren's patients and physicians.

Hearing loss can vary in type ranging from conductive, mixed to sensorineural, as well as in degree from mild, moderate, severe to profound. There could also be multiple permutations and combinations like moderate mixed hearing loss or severe conductive hearing loss. In addition, the hearing loss could be unilateral or bilateral. While cochlear implants were devised for bilateral profound sensorineural hearing loss, various other devices have been invented for other types of hearing losses. Research continues to design a suitable implant which would amplify sound for patients who cannot be candidates for cochlear implants.