Physiology and Metabolism: Genetic Influences on Urinary Calcium Excretion (R.P. Holmes et al.). Oxalate Metabolism and Transport: Vectorial Oxalate Transport across a Monolayer of Renal Epithelial Cells (H. Koul et al.). Physicochemistry, Promoters and Inhibitors: Crystal Growth and Nucleation Rates for Calcium Oxalate in 92% Fresh Urine in a Continuous Crystalliser (J.P. Kavanagh et al.). Crystallization and Proteins: Possible Role of Stone Matrix in Calcium Oxalate Stone Formation (S. Yamaguchi et al.). Stone Composition, Matrix and Membranes: Role of Organic Matrix in Formation and Growth of Calcium Oxalate Urinary Stones (S.R. Khan, R.L. Hackett). Risk Factors and Diet: Urinary Silicate in Calculous Patients (W.C. Thomas). Epidemiology and Infection: Urinary Enzymes (C.H. van Aswegen et al.). ESWL and Lithotropsy: Ultrasound Velocity-A Measure of Stone Strength? (N.P. Cohen et al.). Investigation, Medical and Surgery Management: A New Therapeutic Agent for Cystinuria (T. Koide et al.). 276 additional articles. Index.

A much-needed, up-to-date guide to the clinical management of kidney disorders in children and adolescents, this text presents the essentials of diagnosis and treatment in this important field, with an indication of when referral to, or consultation with, the pediatric nephrologist is needed.

With a team of international contributors who have had a significant global impact on the development of pediatric nephrology, this user-friendly resource takes the findings of specialists to a much wider audience in training and in primary care.

The Systems of the Body series has established itself as a highly valuable resource for medical and other health science students following today's systems-based courses. Now thoroughly revised and updated in this third edition, each volume presents the core knowledge of basic science and clinical conditions that medical students need, providing a concise, fully integrated view of each major body system that can be hard to find in more traditionally arranged textbooks or other resources. Multiple case studies help relate key principles to current practice, with links to clinical skills, clinical investigation and therapeutics made clear throughout. Each (print) volume also now comes with access to the complete, enhanced eBook version, offering easy anytime, anywhere access - as well as self-assessment material to check your understanding and aid exam preparation. The Renal System provides highly accessible coverage of the core basic science principles in the context of clinical case histories, giving the reader a fully integrated understanding of the system and its major diseases. Introduction to the Renal System Body Fluids, Nephron Function and Diuretics Water Balance and Regulation of Osmolality Acid-Base Balance and Regulation of pH Glomerular Filtration and Acute Kidney Injury Proteinuria and the Nephrotic Syndrome Glomerulonephritis and the Acute Nephritic Syndrome Diabetic Nephropathy and Chronic Kidney Disease Kidney Failure and Replacement of Renal Function Hypertension and the Kidney Pregnancy and the Kidney Urinary Tract Obstruction and Stones Renal Masses, Cysts and Urinary Tract Tumours Drugs and the Kidney Systems of the Body Series: The Renal System The Musculoskeletal System The Nervous System The Digestive System The Endocrine System The Respiratory System The Cardiovascular System

This text, the proceedings of the 32nd International Conference on Transplantation and Clinical Immunology, held in Lyon, France, on May 25-26, 2000, addresses novel issues in terms of changing indications for transplantation in the management of organ failure, whether humans will remain the only source for organ procurement, prospects for engineering in organ replacement, and whether transplantation will remain the most appropriate approach to organ failure. Some promising treatments are approached, such as enzymic and biochemical replacement, gene therapy, tolerance induction, stem cell transplantation, and xenotransplantation. In addition to the constant improvement in conservative management of organ failure in general, ongoing research in selected fields is reported in the proceedings, such as: liver transplantation vs artificial liver; novel dialysis strategies vs evolving immunosuppression in kidney transplantation; islets transplantation and external implantable insulin pumps vs pancreas transplantation in diabetic patients and circulatory assistance and intramyocardial myoblast injection vs heart transplantation. Pivotal experience in selected emerging transplantations is included, that is, small bowel, limb, skin and neuronal transplantation. Such fascinating perspectives raise medical, economical, and ethical problems which are discussed in this book.

This book provides a current understanding of Continuous Renal Replacement Therapies (CRRT) techniques with a focus on drug dosing in critically ill children receiving CRRT. Strategies include the role of therapeutic drug monitoring, effect of CRRT on drug pharmacokinetics, variations in the drugs properties, newer kidney injury biomarkers and simple and easy methods for estimating drug clearance. The conclusion of this book features case reports focused on the patients' symptoms and laboratory data as they present in clinical practice and the type of CRRT modality needed to provide quality, safety, and cost-effectiveness of patient care. Pediatric Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy will expand the clinical knowledge and experience of practicing nephrologists and other professionals involved in the care of children suffering from Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) to improve and sustain their quality of life.

The present volume provides overviews of aging and changes in renal function over time; it devotes chapters to renal parenchymal disease and urinary tract infections; and the sections on geriatric urology cover urinary incontinence and urinary-tract neoplasm, including prostatic cancer. The book summarizes current information on renal replacement therapy in the elderly and reviews such important topics as hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, fluid and acid-base abnormalities as they are seen in older patients, and transplantation in the elderly. Concerning medical care of older nephrology patients, the contributors have reviewed the management of hypertension, current understanding of glomerular disease, current approaches to the diabetic with renal disease, and use of antineoplastic and antimicrobial therapy, all in these special patients. They discuss the prevention of renal failure in older patients, both in diagnostic and therapeutic aspects, and examine sexual dysfunction and indications for surgery in the older patient with obstruction. Finally, the text examines such ethical issues as the use of advanced directives and the allocation of scarce resources.

For more than 30 years, the highly regarded Secrets Series (R) has provided students and practitioners in all areas of health care with concise, focused, and engaging resources for quick reference and exam review. Hypertension Secrets, 2nd Edition, offers practical, up-to-date coverage of the full range of essential topics in this dynamic field. This highly regarded resource features the Secrets' popular question-and-answer format that also includes lists, tables, pearls, memory aids, and an easy-to-read style - making inquiry, reference, and review quick, easy, and enjoyable. The proven Secrets Series (R) format gives you the most return for your time - succinct, easy to read, engaging, and highly effective. Covers the full range of pathophysiology, natural history, and diagnosis and management of hypertension for in-training or practicing professionals. Fully revised and updated, including protocols and guidelines that are continuously evolving and that increasingly dictate best practices. Includes chapters on obstructive sleep apnea; drug- or alcohol-induced hypertension; hypertension and diabetes, the obese individual, African Americans, the elderly, thyroid disorders, and pregnancy; and the role of device therapy. Top 100 Secrets and Key Points boxes provide a fast overview of the secrets you must know for success in practice and on exams. Bulleted lists, mnemonics, practical tips from global leaders in the field - all providing a concise overview of important board-relevant content. Portable size makes it easy to carry with you for quick reference or review anywhere, anytime. Enhanced eBook version included with purchase. Your enhanced eBook allows you to access all of the text, figures, and references from the book on a variety of devices.

This book details protocols on classical methods and very modern ex vivo mammalian developmental kidney model systems. Chapters focus on generation of mosaic embryonic kidneys, culture of the kidney tissues ex vivo, embryonic kidney progenitor cell, 3Dkidney model cell line based cultures, programming the kidney cell fates in human pluripotent cells, protocols to target the functional players in kidney ontogenesis, 4D and 3D ex vivo imaging, drosphila, and computational approaches to kidney ontogenesis. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, Kidney Organogenesis: Methods and Protocols aims to ensure successful results in the further study of this vital field.

The need for adequate means by which to improve urine output is very old. Even in the "Scuola Salernitana," the oldest medieval medical school in Western Europe, about 1000 years ago it was taught how to improve urine output. The list of known "diuretica" included herbs, plants, roots, vegetables, in particular asparagus, fennel and carrot. The first diuretic drugs, however, were mercurial compounds. Thus, calomel, mercurous chloride, was initially used as a diuretic in the sixteenth century by Paracelsus, being one of the ingredients of the so-called "Guy's Hospital pill." But calomel had a cathartic effect so that it was replaced by organic mercurial compounds. These diuretics were clearly toxic. After the discovery of the car bonic anhydrase, in the early 1930s, and the introduction of sulfanilamide as a chemotherapeutic agent, it was observed that this drug was inhibiting carbonic anhydrase in vitro and urinary acidification in vivo thereby causing metabolic acidosis; urine output, however, appeared to increase. Subsequent studies led to the synthesis of more potent analogs, in particular acetazolamide. Studies on car bonic anhydrase inhibitors led to the synthesis of benzothiadiazides which disclosed much less inactivating action on carbonic anhydrase and much more diuretic effect through an inhibition of tubular transport of sodium and chloride. Chlorothiazide was the first member of this class of diuretics. Thiazides are still used in clinical practice."

Concise, thorough, and easy to use, Handbook of Nephrology and Hypertension 7th Edition, provides authoritative guidance on diagnosing and treating patients with a wide range of kidney disorders and hypertension, including coverage of dialysis and transplantation. Lead editor Dr. Christopher Wilcox and his team of section editors Drs. Michael Choi, Limeng Chen, Winfred N. Williams, and Mark S. Segal oversee a group of expert authors, both faculty and fellows, who focus on common problems and challenges in this complex field. Brief, focused chapters contain abundant figures and algorithms and have been updated to reflect new findings in renal cystic diseases, new drugs used for hypertension, transplantation and renal protection, and much more. Includes new chapters on Urinalysis and Hematuria, Hypertensive Nephropathy, Drug Use in Kidney Disease, Resistant and Secondary Forms of Hypertension, and Medical Reimbursement and Economics of Nephrology Practice Contains dedicated chapters on drugs for edema, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis, as well as drugs pertaining to renal transplant, covering how to select and use drugs, doses, and adverse effects, and how prescribing should be altered in patients with renal insufficiency Features a new four-color design and more figures and algorithms throughout Shares the experience and knowledge of distinguished international authors from top universities in both the U.S. and China, with many chapters co-authored by a faculty and a fellow Enrich Your eBook Reading Experience Read directly on your preferred device(s),such as computer, tablet, or smartphone. Easily convert to audiobook,powering your content with natural language text-to-speech.

Palliative care has become increasingly important across the spectrum of healthcare, and with it, the need for education and training of a broad range of medical practitioners not previously associated with this field of care. As part of the Integrating Palliative Care series, this volume on palliative care in nephrology guides readers through the core palliative knowledge and skills needed to deliver high value, high quality care for seriously ill patients with chronic and end-stage kidney disease. Chapters are written by a team of international leaders in kidney palliative care and are organized into sections exploring unmet supportive care needs, palliative care capacity, patient-centered care, enhanced support at the end of life, and more. Chapter topics are based on the Coalition for Supportive Care of Kidney Patients Pathways Project change package of 14 evidence-based best practices to improve the delivery of palliative care to patients with kidney disease. An overview of the future of palliative care nephrology with attention to needed policy changes rounds out the text. Palliative Care in Nephrology is an ideal resource for nephrologists, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, social workers, primary care clinicians, and other practitioners who wish to learn more about integrating individualized, patient-centered palliative care into treatment of their patients with kidney disease.