Obesity: Oxidative Stress and Dietary Antioxidants cover the science of oxidative stress in obesity and associated conditions, including metabolic syndrome, bariatric surgery, and the potentially therapeutic usage of natural antioxidants in the diet or food matrix. The processes within the science of oxidative stress are not described in isolation, but in concert with other processes, such as apoptosis, cell signaling and receptor mediated responses. This approach recognizes that diseases are often multifactorial and oxidative stress is but a single component. The book is designed for nutritionists, dietitians, food scientists, physicians and clinical workers, health care workers and research scientists.

This and over 60 other easily memorised phrases are the starting points for Resuscitation Rules. Their accompanying short texts provide a core of authoritative information that can be mentally retained and acted upon in emergency situations.

This pocket sized guide contains succinct rules on the fundamentals of resuscitation, together with helpful line illustrations, for use in the most commonly encountered situations.

Contents include:
basic life support.
advanced cardiac life support.
medical emergencies.
paediatric resuscitation.

In line with the current European Resuscitation Council guidelines, the rules are an invaluable support for doctors, nurses and ambulance staff who are called upon to provide resuscitation both in-hospital and pre-hospital.

The obesity epidemic is one of the most serious public health threats confronting the nation and the world. The majority of overweight individuals want to lose weight, but the overall success of self-administered diets and commercial weight loss programs is very poor. Scientific findings suggest that the problem boils down to adherence. The dietary and physical activity recommendations that weight loss programs promote are effective; however, people have difficulty initiating and maintaining changes. Effective Weight Loss presents 25 detailed sessions of an empirically supported, cognitive-behavioral treatment package called Acceptance-Based Behavioral Treatment (ABT). The foundation of this approach is comprised of the nutritional, physical activity, and behavioral components of the most successful, gold-standard behavioral weight loss programs. These components are synthesized with acceptance, willingness, behavioral commitment, motivation, and relapse prevention strategies drawn from a range of therapies. ABT is based on the idea that specialized self-control skills are necessary for weight control, given our innate desire to consume delicious foods and to conserve energy by avoiding physical activity. These self-control skills revolve around a willingness to choose behaviors that may be perceived as uncomfortable, for the sake of a more valuable objective. The Clinician Guide is geared towards helping administer treatment, and the companion Workbook provides summaries of session content, exercises, worksheets, handouts, and assignments for patients and clients receiving the treatment. The books will appeal to psychologists, primary care physicians, nutritionists, dieticians, and other clinicians who counsel the overweight.

Developmental Biology and Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering: Principles and Applications focuses on the regeneration of orthopedic tissue, drawing upon expertise from developmental biologists specializing in orthopedic tissues and tissue engineers who have used and applied developmental biology approaches. Musculoskeletal tissues have an inherently poor repair capacity, and thus biologically-based treatments that can recapitulate the native tissue properties are desirable. Cell- and tissue-based therapies are gaining ground, but basic principles still need to be addressed to ensure successful development of clinical treatments. Written as a source of information for practitioners and those with a nascent interest, it provides background information and state-of-the-art solutions and technologies. Recent developments in orthopedic tissue engineering have sought to recapitulate developmental processes for tissue repair and regeneration, and such developmental-biology based approaches are also likely to be extremely amenable for use with more primitive stem cells.

While therapists are increasingly working with multi-ethnic client groups, there is a paucity of material available for them to develop approaches, which meet diverse cultural and racial needs. Art Therapy, Race and Culture is a stimulating and inspiring collection which explores the often contentious themes of race, racism and culture in relation to the experience of art therapy, in a positive and constructive way. Contributors examine the impact of racial perceptions in their own experience, their clients' lives, and on the interaction of therapist and client. The potential of art therapy as a force of liberation, and art therapists as cultural activists, is explored. Cultural differences in meanings applied to 'colour' and to the nature of art are also discussed. Illustrated with line drawings and photographs, the book presents work, ideas and theories based on the practical experiences of therapists from many different backgrounds and their work with clients from equally diverse origins.

Neurobiology of the Placebo Effect, Part I, Volume 138 in the International Review of Neurobiology series, is the first of two volumes that provide the latest placebo studies in clinically relevant models. Placebo responses effects are not merely a psychological, but a complex psycho-neuro-biological process that requires activation of distinct brain areas. This book discusses current research and projects on the involved brain circuitry and neurotransmitter systems. Specific chapters cover such topics as pharmacological conditioning of the endocrine and immune system, expectancy modulation of opioid neurotransmission, nocebo effects in visceral pain, and conditioning as a higher-order cognitive phenomenon, amongst other topics.

Edited by Kenneth A. Jacobson and Michael F. Jarvis
The roles of extracellular purines and pyrimidines in cellular homeostasis and disease etiology have come to be understood gradually over the past 40 years. However, due to the recent cloning and expression of receptors for ATP and adenosine, novel compounds have been developed with unique therapeutic potential for the treatment of thrombosis, stroke, epilepsy, chronic pain, immunological disorders, and cancer. As a result, the study of adenosine- and ATP-mediated responses in cellular regulation is entering a phase of opportunity and development unmatched since the days of serotonin receptor research in the 1970s.
The only definitive book on the topic, Purinergic Approaches in Experimental Therapeutics covers all of the major therapeutic applications of purinergic receptors and reflects the very latest developments in this new area of therapeutic research. Twenty-eight chapters, authored by an international group of contributors who are the leading authorities in the field, provide details on molecular pharmacology; medicinal chemistry; and therapeutic implications, including cardiology, metabolism, immunology, neurology, and cancer.
Among the topics covered:
* Purinergic Neurotransmission and Neuromodulation: A Historical Perspective
* Adenosine Receptor Subtypes: New Insights from Cloning and Functional Studies
* Modulators of Adenosine Uptake, Release, and Inactivation
* Cardiac Electrophysiology of Adenosine: Antiarrhythmic and Proarrhythmic Actions
* Purinergic Modulation of Gastrointestinal Function
* The Role of Adenosine in Asthma
* ATP in Brain Function
* ATP in the Treatment of Cancer

For researchers in pharmacology, physiology, molecular biology, and medicinal chemistry, Purinergic Approaches in Experimental Therapeutics heralds an exciting new era in the understanding of purinergic neurotransmission and the development of novel therapeutic modalities.

Highly Commended at the 2019 BMA Medical Book Awards Living with Bariatric Surgery: Managing Your Mind and Your Weight aims to help those who are considering bariatric surgery develop a psychological understanding of their eating behaviour and the changes needed in order to make surgery successful. It is also a resource for those who have undergone surgery to help them adapt to the physical, psychological and relationship adjustments that occur. Whilst the benefits of bariatric surgery are significant, the psychological challenges it presents for patients have been overlooked. This book will help patients develop a realistic view of bariatric surgery and the changes required. It incorporates the real-life experiences of people who have had bariatric surgery, showing how they have responded to the psychological and behavioural changes after surgery, and also features helpful psychoeducation, exercises and strategies to facilitate reflection and learning. Living with Bariatric Surgery will be an essential guide for anyone considering, preparing for or recovering from bariatric surgery, as well as health professionals working with these clients.

As a result of recent changes in health care, nurses, GPs and health visitors find that they are required to take a major role in nutrition education and dietary advice. Health promotion is now an important aspect of general practice and community care. Shorter periods of hospitalisation, increased care of the chronically ill 'in the community' and the management of disorders like diabetes within general practice have meant that many more people now require specialised nutritional care. At the same time, rapid advances in nutrition have left some health professionals feeling that their dietary knowledge is inadequate. This book updates the reader on the relationships between diet and health and the use of diet in the management of disease. Topical but less familiar nutrients such as antioxidant vitamins or long-chain fatty acids are explained in ways that are easily understood. Adviceis given on the types on nutritional problems that can be successfully identified and managed in the primary-care setting and those that may require specialised dietetic help.

Nanostructures for Novel Therapy: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications focuses on the fabrication and characterization of therapeutic nanostructures, in particular, synthesis, design, and in vitro and in vivo therapeutic evaluation. The chapters provide a cogent overview of recent therapeutic applications of nanostructured materials that includes applications of nanostructured materials for wound healing in plastic surgery and stem cell therapy. The book explores the promise for more effective therapy through the use of nanostructured materials, while also assessing the challenges their use might pose from both an economic and medicinal point of view. This innovative look at how nanostructured materials are used in therapeutics will be of great benefit to researchers, providing a greater understanding of the different ways nanomaterials could improve medical treatment, along with a discussion of the obstacles that need to be overcome in order to guarantee widespread availability.

Almost one out of every three US children is overweight or obese, with minority youth at highest risk. There are limited efficacious pediatric obesity interventions available for clinicians, and successful weight loss trials for minority youth are rare. Even fewer interventions have been shown to significantly improve clinical health outcomes such as adiposity, blood pressure, and cholesterol level, and maintenance of behavior change over the long-term remains a challenge Translation I research in which "bench" findings are applied to the "bedside" is uncommon in the behavioral arena. Thus, advances in our understanding of fundamental human processes such as motivation, emotion, cognition, self-regulation, decision-making, stress, and social networks are not being optimally applied to our most pressing behavioral health problems. This issue of Pediatric Clinics will focus on promising behavioral treatments "in the pipeline" that have been translated from basic behavioral science and are the process of refinement and proof of concept testing.

This issue of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics, guest edited by Dr. Kathleen L. Davenport, will discuss a number of important topics in Dance Medicine. This issue of one of four issues selected each year by series Consulting Editor, Santos Martinez. Topics discussed in this issue include, but are not limited to: Rehabilitation of the Dancer, Access to Healthcare Among Dancers, Dry Needling and Acupuncture, Nutrition Periodization in Dancers, Choreography Specific Cross Training for Dancers, Mental and Physical Resilience in Dancers, Pointe Readiness Screening, Dancers with Disabilities, Special Considerations for the Growing Dancer, Supplemental Training in Dance: Systematic Review, Concussions in Dancers and Other Performing Artists, and Nutritional Concerns for the Artistic Athlete.

Obesity is considered a serious and complex condition. All obese people have previously been overweight and its conditions represent an intriguing area of research both from a clinical and speculative point of view. This book is aimed at raising awareness on individuals who are overweight, a crucial point in order to prevent obesity progression and it is addressed to therapists who are willing to better understand the condition.

The role of adenosine and adenosine receptors in normal cell physiology and in diseases has been an area of active research over the last several decades. The field has advanced from the use of limited tools to examine receptor signaling and function to the use of various molecular and receptor knockout techniques to examine the details of the expression and functions and regulation of these receptors. This book highlights important milestones in adenosine receptor research and reviews recent findings from experts in different research areas. Several research areas, ranging from cardiovascular, cancer, and central nervous system research are discussed. Several of the chapters describe how understanding the basic cellular mechanisms regulated by adenosine could lead to the development of important therapeutics. The editors, Vickram Ramkumar and Roberto Paes-de-Carvalho, have published extensively on adenosine receptors for more than two decades and are still active in this field of research. It is our hope that this book provides an excellent synopsis of the current status of adenosine receptor research which would be valuable for researchers in the field and as a reference source for clinicians and others interested in this area.

This book is written for providers of broad training backgrounds, and aims to help those who care for people with EDs, overweight and obesity provide evidence-based care. The goal of the book is to provide these providers with a straightforward resource summarizing the current standard of care. However, it goes further by also introducing the concept of food addiction (FA) as a model to understand some forms of overeating. This book discusses the pros and cons of embracing FA and reviews the evidence for and against the validity and utility of FA. By doing so, the chapters convey a "middle ground" approach to help people with obesity, BED, and bulimia nervosa plus FA symptomatology who also want to lose weight. The text discusses FA by reviewing several of the main ongoing controversies associated with the construct. It reviews both the clinical and neuroscientific evidence that some individuals' eating behavior mirrors that seen in substance use disorders (SUD), such as how their relationship with food appears to be "addictive". Chapters also discuss how many of the mechanisms known to underlie SUDs appear to drive overeating in animal models and humans. Finally, the text argues that the similarities between the brain mechanisms of addictive disorders and overeating behavior has the potential to open up new avenues for current treatment and treatment development. Food Addiction, Obesity and Disorders of Overeating: An Evidence-Based Assessment and Clinical Guide is suited for both medical and mental health practitioners, including physicians in primary care or psychiatry, nurses, psychologists, social workers, medical students and medical residents. It could also be utilized by researchers in obesity and ED fields, stimulating ideas for future research and study design.

Art Therapy is increasingly recognised as an important contributor to psychotherapy and dynamic counselling and is widening its sphere of practice and application. Art Therapists are working not just within traditional psychiatric services but within the fields of social and community care and in specialist areas such as prisons. Increasingly, art therapists are dealing with specific problems ranging from child abuse to eating disorders, often as members of multidisciplinary teams or special units. This new collection represents some of the best and most interesting examples of the widening application of art therapy. The contributors - all experienced art therapists - cover such topics as family trauma, work with children with learning difficulties and with autism, with criminal offenders, anorexics, the sexually abused with people who stammer. The new developments represented in this book have implications not just for the profession of art therapy but also for methods of practice. They point up the challenge of new methodologies which focus on process rather than on the finished image. They remind practitioners how stylistic and aesthetic elements, as well as content, can provide therapeutic insights. Providing a rich diversity of approach, this collection will be required reading for all students and practitioners requiring the broadest and most up-to-date statement of the current status of art therapy.

Physical inactivity has been recognised as one of the common modifiable risk factors for non-communicable diseases such as heart disease, stroke, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases and diabetes. Increased level of physical activity is very effective for health maintenance. In this book, experts from all over the world present evidence for therapeutic physical activities illustrated by different cases. Physical activity can serve as both a preventive measure and a rehabilitation tool. The contents of this book cover the benefits of physical activity from young children with cerebral palsy to older adults with Parkinson's disease. Some chapters focus on specific illness, such as asthma; others study more popular problems like lower back pain. Furthermore, fall risks increase with age. It is a growing problem among the elders, their family, the community, the governments, and the world at large. There is a chapter in this book discussing this issue specifically. Individuals with one of the impairments touched upon in this book, as well as their families, doctors and other health workers can benefit from its contents. The topics of this book include kidney disease, coronary or peripheral artery disease, asthma, vestibular impairments, obstructive sleep apnea, cancer, lower back pain, Alzheimer's disease, dementia, Parkinson's disease, risk of falls, autism spectrum disorder, and cerebral palsy. Students and researchers can use this book as reference when they investigate the effects of physical activity as a preventive measure or therapeutic modality for other populations.

Targeted cancer therapies have revolutionised the therapeutic management of many neoplasms, modifying patients' prognosis and overall survival. These drugs block the cancer's growth and spread by interfering with specific molecules which play a crucial role in the proliferation, differentiation and survival of cancer cells. Targeted therapies act selectively on specific molecular targets related to cancers, whereas most of the conventional chemotherapies act on all rapidly dividing normal and neoplastic cells. Moreover, targeted therapies are often cytostatic and non-cytotoxic as standard chemotherapies. Taken together, these aspects appear important in reducing systemic toxicity and ensuring an improved safety profile. The inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), vascular growth factor (VEGF) and BRAF represents major achievements in research and development of solid tumour's epithelial therapy. This class of biologics is currently widely used in the treatment of metastatic and unresponsive neoplasms of the colon, pancreas, lung, (NSCLC), breast, head and neck and melanoma. This book aims to emphasize skin toxicity associated with EGFR-, VEGF- and BRAF- inhibitors, focusing particularly on their clinical presentation, histopathological findings, and specific therapeutic options.

Corticosteroids (CS) are naturally occurring biomolecules produced in the adrenal cortex and have a multitude of roles which includes carbohydrate, protein and fat metabolism, inflammation and regulation of water, electrolyte etc. Based on their functions, steroids are classified as glucocorticoids and/or mineralocorticoids, and only the former have anti-inflammatory properties which have been chemically modified to produce potent anti-inflammatory drugs which also retain the metabolic and bone effects of the primary chemical. This book provides new research which includes the role of corticosteroids in diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, adenoids, chronic subdural hematoma, osteonecrosis, and autoimmune diseases.

Play is not only a kind of activity, but also a set of attitudes. We may join a card game in a casino without assuming a play attitude; conversely we may transform a seemingly tedious action, such as a walk to the store, into a pleasant experience of spontaneous movements by adopting an attitude of play. Attitudes of Play is a comprehensive study of the persistent human tendency to bring a cheerful and good-humoured outlook to any kind of situation, including the serious and the mundane. Gabor Csepregi offers a phenomenological description of forms of playfulness, showing how, time and again, our attitudes of play redefine and shape diverse activities and experiences - from teaching, healing, or worshipping to political conflict or walking down the street. With play attitudes, we exercise our freedom to colour these scenes or give them an altogether new form, evoking in us more refined sentiments and more acute perceptions. This book seeks to distinguish play activities from attitudes of play, showing that the latter hold value not merely for their educational or other instrumental benefits but also, and perhaps most importantly, for the overall fulfillment and well-being they offer in all stages of human existence.

Through a biophysical approach, Electromagnetic Fields in Biology and Medicine provides state-of-the-art knowledge on both the biological and therapeutic effects of Electromagnetic Fields (EMFs). The reader is guided through explanations of general problems related to the benefits and hazards of EMFs, step-by-step engineering processes, and basic results obtained from laboratory and clinical trials. Basic biological mechanisms reviewed by several authors lead to an understanding of the effects of EMFs on microcirculation as well as on immune and anti-inflammatory responses. Based upon investigational mechanisms for achieving potential health benefits, various EMF medical applications used around the world are presented. These include the frequent use of EMFs in wound healing and cartilage/bone repair as well as use of EMFs in pain control and inhibition of cancer growth. Final chapters cover the potential of using the novel biophysical methods of electroporation and nanoelectroporation in electrochemotherapy, gene therapy, and nonthermal ablation. Also covered is the treatment of tendon injuries in animals and humans. This book is an invaluable tool for scientists, clinicians, and medical and engineering students.

Obesity is a pressing social issue and a persistently newsworthy topic for the media. This book examines the linguistic representation of obesity in the British press. It combines techniques from corpus linguistics with critical discourse studies to analyse a large corpus of newspaper articles (36 million words) representing ten years of obesity coverage. These articles are studied from a range of methodological perspectives, and analytical themes include variation between newspapers, change over time, diet and exercise, gender and social class. The volume also investigates the language that readers use when responding to obesity representations in the context of online comments. The authors reveal the power of linguistic choices to shame and stigmatise people with obesity, presenting them as irresponsible and morally deviant. Yet the analysis also demonstrates the potential for alternative representations which place greater focus on the role that social and political forces play in this topical health issue.

The author presents a varied menu of ideas and experiences in many areas - in research, in diagnosis, and in psychotherapy, each using art media with patients of all ages. She integrates art, phenomenology and gestalt psychology, describing specific techniques and findings.;Part I of the book lays out the theoretical foundations and the techniques; Part II addresses the formal components used in art therapy - line, shape and colour in their interrelated dynamics and discusses other aspects and modes of symbolic expression found in clients' work. Part III looks at symbolic expression through the scribble, offering a system of classification, diagnostic possibilities and case studies of work with eating disorders.;Part IV focuses on art expression for art therapy diagnostics, including a method for qualitative diagnostics, and a first full diagnostic battery for adolescents. Part V is devoted to Holocaust children's art expressions, highlighting the power of art expression in children under ultimate stress, the intensity of their inner experience, and its visualization in the structure of the pictures.;The book is for art therapists and advanced students. It can be used as a textbook