Molecules to Medicine with mTOR: Translating Critical Pathways into Novel Therapeutic Strategies is a one-stop reference that thoroughly covers the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR). mTOR, also known as the mammalian target of rapamycin, is a 289-kDa serine/threonine protein kinase that is ubiquitous throughout the body and has a critical role in gene transcription and protein formation, stem cell development, cell survival and senescence, aging, immunity, tissue regeneration and repair, metabolism, tumorigenesis, oxidative stress, and pathways of programmed cell death that include apoptosis and autophagy. Incorporating a translational medicine approach, this important reference highlights the basic cellular biology of mTOR pathways, presents the role of mTOR during normal physiologic function and disease, and illustrates how the mechanisms of mTOR can be targeted for current and future therapeutic treatment strategies. Coverage of mTOR signaling includes the entire life cycle of cells that impacts multiple systems of the body including those of nervous, cardiovascular, immune, musculoskeletal, endocrine, reproductive, renal, and respiratory origin.

This is a text for practicing pharmacists on the understanding, management and treatment of Obesity. Obesity is an important risk factor for a number of chronic conditions such as heart disease, stroke, some cancers and type two diabetes. It is responsible for more than 9000 premature deaths a year in England alone and is a growing problem both among adults and children especially in the UK and USA. Community pharmacists now have an increasingly important role in public health. The increased health promotion responsibility under the new contract in the UK and improved consultation facilities now available means that a book such as this is very timely. This text focuses on pharmacists care with the first part concentrating on the background and epidemiology of the problem, the current rates of obesity and the facts, also linking obesity with the emergence of potential public health crisis. Part two of the text focuses on the prevention of obesity including prevention on government level, psychological intervention and exercise and nutrition. The chapters then go on to include the pharmacological interventions including drugs available and also surgical interventions and diets. The closing chapter looks at the structure of the evolving services from community pharmacy nationally and internationally.

Fat Religion: Protestant Christianity and the Construction of the Fat Body explores how Protestant Christianity contributes to the moralization of fat bodies and the proliferation of practices to conform fat bodies to thin ideals. Focusing primarily on Protestant Christianity and evangelicalism, this book brings together essays that emphasize the role of religion in the ways that we imagine, talk about, and moralize fat bodies. Contributors explore how ideas about indulgence and restraint, sin and obedience are used to create and maintain fear of, and animosity towards, fat bodies. They also examine how religious ideology and language shape attitudes towards bodily control that not only permeate Christian weight-loss programs, but are fundamental to secular diet culture as well. Furthermore, the contributors investigate how religious institutions themselves attempt to define and control the proper religious body. This volume contributes to the burgeoning field of critical fat studies by underscoring the significance of religion in the formation of historical and contemporary meanings and perceptions of fat bodies, including its moralizing role in justifying weight bias, prejudice, and privilege. The chapters in this book were originally published as a special issue of Fat Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Body Weight and Society.

Cost-effectiveness analysis is becoming an increasingly important tool for decision making in the health systems. Cost-Effectiveness of Medical Treatments formulates the cost-effectiveness analysis as a statistical decision problem, identifies the sources of uncertainty of the problem, and gives an overview of the frequentist and Bayesian statistical approaches for decision making. Basic notions on decision theory such as space of decisions, space of nature, utility function of a decision and optimal decisions, are explained in detail using easy to read mathematics. Features Focuses on cost-effectiveness analysis as a statistical decision problem and applies the well-established optimal statistical decision methodology. Discusses utility functions for cost-effectiveness analysis. Enlarges the class of models typically used in cost-effectiveness analysis with the incorporation of linear models to account for covariates of the patients. This permits the formulation of the group (or subgroup) theory. Provides Bayesian procedures to account for model uncertainty in variable selection for linear models and in clustering for models for heterogeneous data. Model uncertainty in cost-effectiveness analysis has not been considered in the literature. Illustrates examples with real data. In order to facilitate the practical implementation of real datasets, provides the codes in Mathematica for the proposed methodology. The motivation for the book is to make the achievements in cost-effectiveness analysis accessible to health providers, who need to make optimal decisions, to the practitioners and to the students of health sciences. Elias Moreno is Professor of Statistics and Operational Research at the University of Granada, Spain, Corresponding Member of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Spain, and elect member of ISI. Francisco Jose Vazquez-Polo is Professor of Mathematics and Bayesian Methods at the University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, and Head of the Department of Quantitative Methods. Miguel Angel Negrin is Senior Lecturer in the Department of Quantitative Methods at the ULPGC. His main research topics are Bayesian methods applied to Health Economics, economic evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis, meta-analysis and equity in the provision of healthcare services.

Emphasizing its uses in cancer and cardiovascular and autoimmune diseases, Pharmaceutical Perspectives of Nucleic Acid-Based Therapy presents a comprehensive account of gene therapy, from development in the laboratory to clinical applications. Internationally acclaimed scientists discuss the potential use of lipids, peptides and polymers for the in vivo delivery of nucleic acids, the genesis of structure-synthesis-function interrelationships and the evolutionary approaches of these gene carriers. The book also addresses the influence of a viable gene expression system on disease by controlling gene regulation, transcription, translation and replication.

Currently a great deal of public discourse around health is on the assumed relationship between childhood inactivity, young people's diets, and a putative steep rise in obesity. Children and young people are increasingly being identified as a population at 'risk' in relation to these health concerns. Such concerns are driving what might be described as new 'health imperatives' which prescribe the choices young people should make around lifestyle: physical activity, body regulation, dietary habits, and sedentary behaviour. These health imperatives are a powerful force driving major policy initiatives on health and education in a number of countries in the Western world. Schools in particular have been targeted for the implementation of a plethora of initiatives designed to help children and young people lose weight, become more active and change their eating patterns inside and outside school. Addressing these issues requires an innovative theoretical approach. Neither the fields of 'eating disorders' nor 'obesity research' has addressed these issues from a sociological and pedagogical perspective. The contributors to this edited collection draw on a range of social theories, including Michel Foucault and Basil Bernstein to interpret the data collected across three countries (Australia and New Zealand, United Kingdom) and from a range of primary and secondary schools. Each chapter addresses various aspects of the relationship between health imperatives as constituted in government policies, school programs and practices, their recontextualised in school practices and the impact of this on the subjectivities of children and teachers. This book was originally published as a special issue of Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education.

Inhalation aerosols continue to be the basis for successful lung therapy for several diseases, with therapeutic strategies and the range of technology significantly evolving in recent years. In response, this third edition takes a new approach to reflect the close integration of technology with its application. After briefly presenting the general considerations that apply to aerosol inhalation, the central section of the book uses the focus on disease and therapeutic agents to illustrate the application of specific technologies. The final integrated strategies section draws the major points from the applications for disease targets and drug products.

In this comprehensive and insightful work, Dr. Sharon K. Farber provides an invaluable resource for the mental health professional who is struggling to understand self-harm and its origins. Using attachment theory to explain how addictive connections to pain and suffering develop, she discusses various kinds and functions of self-harm behavior. From eating disorders to body modifications such as tattooing, Dr. Farber explores the language of self-harm, and the translation of that language and its psychic functions in the therapeutic setting. She tells us, 'When the body weeps tears of blood, we need to wonder what terrible sorrows cannot be spoken.' Brilliantly illustrated with rich clinical material, this book offers a practical approach to the diagnosis, assessment, and treatment of the increasing number of patients whose emotions are expressed through bodily harm. The challenges of working with patients who tend to view the world of relationships in terms of predator and prey are clearly explicated and the stormy countertransference responses that threaten to destroy the treatment are given a full hearing. Finally, she shows how the attachment relationship formed in treatment can repair the traumatic attachment in mind, body, psyche, and soul, and can serve as the cornerstone of therapeutic change. A Jason Aronson Book

Obesity is a rising global health problem. On the one hand a clearly defined medical condition, it is at the same time a corporeal state embedded in the social and cultural perception of fatness, body shape and size. Focusing specifically on the maternal body, contributors to the volume examine how the language and notions of obesity connect with, or stand apart from, wider societal values and moralities to do with the body, fatness, reproduction and what is considered 'natural'. A focus on fatness in the context of human reproduction and motherhood offers instructive insights into the global circulation and authority of biomedical facts on fatness (as 'risky' anti-fit, for example). As with other social and cultural studies critical of health policy discourse, this volume challenges the spontaneous connection being made in scientific and popular understanding between fatness and ill health.

Biopolitics and the Obesity Epidemic is the first edited collection of critical perspectives on the 'obesity epidemic.' The volume provides a comprehensive discussion of current issues in the critical analysis of health, obesity and society, and the impact of obesity discourses on different individuals, social groups and institutions. Contributors from the UK, Canada, New Zealand and Australia provide original, accessible, and engaging chapters on issues such as the effects on individuals, families, youths and schools. The timely contributions offered by Biopolitics and the Obesity Epidemic to this highly topical area will be of interest to a wide range of readers, including teachers, education professionals, community health and allied professionals, and academics in areas such as education, health, youth studies, social work and psychology.

Intermittent fasting is a safe and sensible way not only to lose weight but also to transition to a healthier way of eating. Unlike the deprivation associated with full fasting, the 5:2 diet allows for reduced-calorie meals two days a week. On the other five days, you meet your recommended caloric intake with the help of a variety of healthful recipes. The 5:2 Fast Diet for Beginners is a complete guide to intermittent fasting. Included are: 16 reduced-calorie fasting-day recipes to make your dieting days both easy and flavorful. 35 non-fasting-day recipes that offer you healthful choices for breakfast, lunch, and dinner, as well as low-cal dessert and treat options. Use these recipes-along with your own favorites-to round out your month's meal plan. 4 weeks of fasting-day meal plans geared to the 500-calorie goal for women and 600-calorie goal for men recommended by the 5:2 diet. 10 tips for motivation and success to get you started toward your weight-loss goals and to keep you on track. References to scientific studies pointing to intermittent fasting's positive effects on heart health, brain function, and blood-sugar regulation. The 5:2 Fast Diet for Beginners: The Complete Book for Intermittent Fasting with Easy Recipes and Weight Loss Plans is all you need to begin experiencing the weight loss and health benefits associated with intermittent fasting.

The intent of the book is to provide readers with a summary of the obesity problem with specific focus on the metabolic health issues (ie, diabetes mellitus), obstructive sleep apnea, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and the psychological effects of obesity. This will provide readers with an understanding of the commonly performed operations for obesity along with evidence-based outcomes, nutritional issues, and metabolic consequences.

First published in 2002. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Supervision of Sandplay Therapy, the first book on this subject, is an internationally-based volume that describes the state of the art in supervision of sandplay therapy. Recognizing that practitioners are eager to incorporate sandplay therapy into their practice, Harriet Friedman and Rie Rogers Mitchell respond to the need for new information, and successfully translate the theories of sandplay therapy into supervision practice.

The book provides a meaningful connection and balance between theoretical principles, practical application, and ongoing therapeutic encounter involved in sandplay. Divided into six sections, contributors cover:

• original supervision models
• contemporary supervision models
• special challenges in supervision
• international sandplay supervision
• supervision of special groups
• connections with other arts therapies.

Supervision of Sandplay Therapy expands the vision of what is possible in supervision and will be vital reading for those studying supervision and sandplay therapy, as well as for those wanting to provide a depth-oriented approach during supervision.

Supervision of Sandplay Therapy, the first book on this subject, is an internationally-based volume that describes the state of the art in supervision of sandplay therapy. Recognizing that practitioners are eager to incorporate sandplay therapy into their practice, Harriet Friedman and Rie Rogers Mitchell respond to the need for new information, and successfully translate the theories of sandplay therapy into supervision practice.

The book provides a meaningful connection and balance between theoretical principles, practical application, and ongoing therapeutic encounter involved in sandplay. Divided into six sections, contributors cover:

• original supervision models
• contemporary supervision models
• special challenges in supervision
• international sandplay supervision
• supervision of special groups
• connections with other arts therapies.

Supervision of Sandplay Therapy expands the vision of what is possible in supervision and will be vital reading for those studying supervision and sandplay therapy, as well as for those wanting to provide a depth-oriented approach during supervision.

Psychodrama: Advances in Theory and Practice provides a comprehensive overview of developments in the theory and practice of psychodrama, integrating different psychodramatic schools of thought.

Psychodrama is one of the pioneering approaches of psychotherapy and is practised by thousands of practitioners and in most countries of the world. The editors of this volume bring together contributions from Europe, South America, Australia, Israel and the USA to explain and explore recent innovations. They look at how psychodrama has contributed to the development of psychotherapy, introducing concepts that have had a profound influence on other therapies. These include concepts such as role theory, the encounter, the co-unconscious, the social atom, sociometry, action research, group psychotherapy, the cycle of spontaneity and creativity, role play and many related concepts and techniques.

This book will be of great interest to all students, practitioners and trainers in the field of psychodrama. It will also appeal to professionals and students in the related fields of psychotherapy, counselling, psychology and psychiatry.

Personalized nutrition involves the formulation of individualized nutritional recommendations to promote and maintain health based on an individual's genetic makeup and other unique intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Implementing personalized nutrition plans for individuals with certain diseases or who are in danger of developing health conditions could help control the onset and severity of symptoms. Personalized Nutrition as Medical Therapy for High-Risk Diseases offers a practical guide for physicians seeking to provide tailored dietary recommendations to their patients with disease treatment, modulation and prevention in mind. The book focuses on the biological mechanisms of specific diseases and provides evidence for how personalized nutrition positively impacts them. It explores conditions including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, hypercholesteromia, diabetes, obesity, Crohn's disease, as well as multiple pediatric, renal and psychological disorders. Features: * Includes case studies that document how people respond differently towards food depending on their genetic structure and other factors. * Discusses genome wide association studies (GWIMS) to understand the interplay between genetic susceptibility and dietary interactions. * Provides users information to effectively implement personalized nutrition into practice. * Identifies possible challenges to the implementation of personalized nutritional interventions in a clinical setting. This book is for medical practitioners and will also appeal to researchers and students.

Nowadays a plethora of treatment technologies is available to the consumer, each employing a variety of concepts of the body, self, sickness and healing. This volume explores the options, strategies and consequences that are both relevant and necessary for patients and practitioners who are manoeuvring this medical plurality. Although wideranging in scope and covering areas as diverse as India, Ecuador, Ghana and Norway, central to all contributions is the observation that technologies of healing are founded on socially learned and to some extent fluid experiences of body and self.

Brachytherapy has become the modality of choice for several cancer localizations, minimizing the possibility of unacceptable risks for healthy tissues and providing a more cost-effective and convenient treatment for patients. Written by leading experts in the physics, development, and implementation of brachytherapy, The Physics of Modern Brachytherapy for Oncology discusses the subject in detail, covering its definition, the basic physics of radiation interaction with matter, radionuclides, sources and source production, calibration and dosimetry protocols as well as experimental dosimetry methods appropriate for practical use. Logically organized, the book begins with basic information, including quantities and units, followed by fundamental atomic and nuclear physics. It also provides the historical background of brachytherapy physics. The next several chapters discuss the radionuclides used in brachytherapy, reflecting upon past (radium), present (iridium or cobalt), and future (ytterbium) methods. The book proceeds to examine source calibration and dosimetry protocols for dose rate calculation while the final chapters explore more recent processes, including Monte Carlo-aided, experimental, and gel dosimetry. The appendices provide useful tables of isotopes, unit conversions and physical constants, brachytherapy sources, TG-43 and TG-43 U1 data tables, and dose rate tables. Detailing the physics behind brachytherapy treatment, The Physics of Modern Brachytherapy for Oncology is essential reading for researchers, practicing radiation oncologists, and medical physicists who want to keep abreast of the developments in this changing field as well as for postgraduate students in medical physics.

This practically oriented book has been predominantly targeted at undergraduate speech and language therapy students, speech and language therapists who have recently started work in this field and other professionals working with people with learning disabilities. All the authors have had practical experience and/or conducted research in this field.

The presentation of the chapters follow a 'need to know' order, starting with an exploration of a range of 'Service Delivery' issues, continuing with theoretical and practical issues related to 'Appraisal and Assessment of Communication Needs' and quickly moving on to management issues starting with 'Management Models' which is followed by a chapter on 'Early Intervention', work on 'Pre-symbolic and Pre-linguistic' development, and transition from 'Word to Phrase'.

For those requiring to extend their knowledge in more specialised areas, a number of chapters deal with subjects such as the use of 'Augmentative and Alternative Communication', and working with 'Parents and Members of Related Professions'. The last two chapters address topics which have more recently attracted attention, these being the management of the communication needs of service users with 'Challenging Behaviour' and those with 'Dual Diagnosis' (learning disability and mental illness combined).

Most chapters include case studies to illustrate a number of practice issues. Whereas the main focus is on children with learning disability, where appropriate discussion relevant to adults with learning disability is included.

Help families cope with the impact of personality dysfunction! Family Treatment of Personality Disorders: Advances in Clinical Practice examines the application of marital and family therapy approaches to the treatment of a wide range of personality disorders. Valuable on its own and doubly useful as a companion volume to Family Therapy and Mental Health: Innovations in Theory and Practice (Haworth), the book integrates traditional individual models with family systems models to provide a multidimensional approach to treating personality disorders. Each chapter is written by a family therapist with extensive experience treating personality disorders and includes a case example, an exploration of the impact of the disorder on family members, a look at cultural and gender issues, and an examination of how the model is integrated with traditional psychiatric services and the proper application of medication. Family Treatment of Personality Disorders is a single, accessible source for significant contributions to the emerging literature on family treatment approaches that, until now, have been scattered through journals representing a variety of disciplines. The book's strong clinical focus provides a concise summary of relevant theory and interventions for effective treatment, including discussion of how to manage crises and acting out behavior. Edited by a practicing frontline clinician, the book provides an overview of the personality disorders field, examines the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior model and the Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy approach, and presents detailed descriptions of key concepts and treatment approaches. Family Treatment of Personality Disorders focuses on specific DSM-IV personality disorders, including: borderline narcissistic histrionic obsessive-compulsive passive-aggressive avoidant dependent paranoid Family Treatment of Personality Disorders: Advances in Clinical Practice is an excellent resource for clinicians treating mental health problems and for academic work in family psychopathology and family therapy and mental health.

Help families cope with the impact of personality dysfunction! Family Treatment of Personality Disorders: Advances in Clinical Practice examines the application of marital and family therapy approaches to the treatment of a wide range of personality disorders. Valuable on its own and doubly useful as a companion volume to Family Therapy and Mental Health: Innovations in Theory and Practice (Haworth), the book integrates traditional individual models with family systems models to provide a multidimensional approach to treating personality disorders. Each chapter is written by a family therapist with extensive experience treating personality disorders and includes a case example, an exploration of the impact of the disorder on family members, a look at cultural and gender issues, and an examination of how the model is integrated with traditional psychiatric services and the proper application of medication. Family Treatment of Personality Disorders is a single, accessible source for significant contributions to the emerging literature on family treatment approaches that, until now, have been scattered through journals representing a variety of disciplines. The book's strong clinical focus provides a concise summary of relevant theory and interventions for effective treatment, including discussion of how to manage crises and acting out behavior. Edited by a practicing frontline clinician, the book provides an overview of the personality disorders field, examines the Structural Analysis of Social Behavior model and the Interpersonal Reconstructive Therapy approach, and presents detailed descriptions of key concepts and treatment approaches. Family Treatment of Personality Disorders focuses on specific DSM-IV personality disorders, including: borderline narcissistic histrionic obsessive-compulsive passive-aggressive avoidant dependent paranoid Family Treatment of Personality Disorders: Advances in Clinical Practice is an excellent resource for clinicians treating mental health problems and for academic work in family psychopathology and family therapy and mental health.

This book is for everyone who has experienced severe anxiety and wants to be free from abnormal fear. It is also for therapists, counselors, and other helping professionals who treat patients suffering from anxiety disorders. Dancing with Fear, which features a unique cognitive-behavioral approach, is a complete mind-body plan for understanding and overcoming anxiety disorders. Known as the CHAANGE program, this specific method has been found to be 80 percent successful in treating anxiety and to have reduced health care expenses by more than 50 percent in the year following treatment.