The book reviews the main approaches for generation of differentiated cells from various types of stem cells, including embryonic, placental and cord blood stem cells through marrow, adipose tissue and dental pulp. The book starts with an overview of experimental protocols applied to generate insulin secreting cells, neural cells, heart cells, and other tissue specific cells ex vivo and in experimental animals. This is followed by exhaustive review of clinical trials in these pathologies. It continues with a comparison of the merits of successful transplantation in humans versus animal experimentation, and highlights the most promising clinical applications in the field. Special chapters are devoted to the topic of tissue engineering and modern synthetic and biological scaffolds. It is essential reading for scientists and researchers in tissue engineering and stem cell research as well as clinicians who are involved in developing or testing stem cell therapies.

Covers all aspects of CTS: diagnosis - management - outcome assessment

Abundantly illustrated

In just under three decades, the world has witnessed an enormous rise in obesity with a parallel growth in cardiometabolic disease risk factors characterized by insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, together known as the metabolic syndrome - conditions previously unheard of in children and adolescents. During this time, we have little knowledge of the global and cumulative detrimental health effects of childhood obesity. As obese children age, not only will their health be negatively affected, but infertility and pregnancy complications associated with the metabolic syndrome will affect generations to come. The work force will undoubtedly be affected because of increased sick days and decreased work productivity. Identifying children and adolescents at the earliest stages of chronic disease onset should be the goal of clinical practice, yet there is no clear guidance for defining the risk of metabolic syndrome or appropriate risk-factor thresholds in these groups. If children are identified early in the disease process, lifestyle and clinical interventions can be instituted when they are potentially more effective. Pediatric Metabolic Syndrome: Comprehensive Clinical Review and Related Health Issues approaches the pediatric metabolic syndrome by elucidating its effects on specific organ systems and by considering the problem through understanding the social, psychological and economic consequences of it. The Editors have recruited an invited group of esteemed experts in the field to provide the most timely and informative approaches on how to deal with this health crisis. Through educating our practitioners, our future researchers, our health and community organizations, our legislators and our families and children, we have the best chance at improving the health trajectory of the next generation.

Currently most published books on enteral nutrition support focus only on issues such as the rationale; specific nutrient requirements for various disease conditions; and practical approaches to the delivery, monitoring, and complications preventions while providing enteral nutrition support. None offer information relating to the developmental aspects of enteral foods, e.g. processing technology, types of ingredients, physicochemical and nutritional characteristics, shelf life evaluations, etc. These aspects are critical because they affect the overall acceptability, tolerance, and effectiveness of enteral nutrition support.

Medical Foods from Natural Sources discusses the development of the enteral foods from the natural sources for the patients, such as barley, rice, eggs, milk, etc., and presents methods on how to prepare enteral foods from natural sources for use. The book fills the gap in the literature by discussing the history of enteral nutrition; interpreting the statistics regarding worldwide need for enteral nutrition support and cost involved; enumerating the processing technology to develop natural ingredients-based enteral foods; and describing the results of prospective clinical trials and case studies conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of enteral foods based on natural ingredients.

This compelling volume explores the various aspects of Native American healing found cross-culturally in North America, including Canadian and Inuit cultures. In Encyclopedia of Native American Healing, the extensive entries span topics such as renowned healers throughout history in the various cultures; societies and divisions into which healers were categorized; sacred objects employed in healing rituals and how each was used; the different types of healing ceremonies conducted; plants used to increase healing powers; symbolic motifs used in healing rituals; major concepts that form the healing traditions; and major scholars of Native American healing. This reference work will appeal to the interested layperson as well as students of Native American cultures.

In this new volume in the series Research and Perspectives in Neurosciences the authors have presented and discussed their findings in the fields of speech and language disorders, X-linked mental retardation, gene therapy in the CNS, memory and learning disorders and other fields.

This book brings together critical perspectives on some of the recent claims associated with the obesity crisis. It develops both theoretical and conceptual arguments around the obesity debate, as well as taking a more practical focus in terms of implications for the health professions to outline an agenda for a 'critical weight studies'.

This volume takes a fresh look at the problems of designing effective and humane service care delivery systems for the seriously mentally ill. The author addresses a number of major themes, including the differing definitions of mental illness and the differing treatment technologies that have logically developed from them, the varying theories regarding the structure and design of the service delivery system, and the policy dilemmas that lead to inconsistent and inequitable treatment. Demonstrating that there are wide areas of agreement among the disputing professionals. Chandler offers guidelines for finding these zones of agreement and achieving a consensus for realistically improving the system of care. The focus throughout is on the development of practical problem-solving strategies for professionals, advocates, patients, and their families. A particularly valuable feature is the inclusion of an in- depth case study that demonstrates the application of effective conflict resolution techniques in the mental health setting.

Following an introductory overview of the persistent problems of people with mental illnesses, Chandler analyzes the recurring themes and issues that have surrounded the mental health field since its earliest conception. She goes on to examine such issues as the failure of the deinstitutionalization policies for the seriously and persistently mentally ill and the changing roles and responsibilities of state and local governments, families, mental health providers, and welfare agencies. The remaining chapters explore the nature of advocacy in the mental health field. Chandler describes the framework and belief structures of prominent advocacy organizations, discusses the advocacy wars among the organizations and agencies whose goal it is to help the mentally ill, and delineates a negotiation strategy for meeting the needs of the mentally ill. Topics such as the rise of the National Alliance for the Mentally Ill, the growth of patient rights groups, and strategies for altering the definitions of mental illness receive extended treatment. In the final chapter, Chandler outlines the knowledge necessary to understand the complex issues surrounding the mentally ill and the skills necessary to work successfully in this field.

* Includes chapters on sleep phase disorders, sleep apnea, periodic limb movements, narcolepsy, limit setting disorders in children, enuresis, and night terrors.
* Provides a unique, behavioral approach to sleep medicine.

Phototherapy exemplifies scientific medicine. The major advances have resulted from effective collaborations between basic researchers and clinicians. This book is directed to clinicians and basic researchers who are interested in current and emerging implementations of phototherapy. It can serve as an introductory reference and a textbook for advanced undergraduate and graduate courses in medical physics and biomedical engineering. The emphasis is on the science underlying the various phototherapy procedures, which encompasses aspects of classical and molecular photophysics, biological photochemistry, photobiology and biophotonics. Topics that do not usually appear in other general sources include the theory and applications of tissue optics, Monte Carlo simulation, light dosimetry, and analytical modeling of laser surgery. Many illustrative problems with answers are provided to exemplify the more quantitative aspects of each topic.

Bonnie Prudden's revolutionary breakthrough in pain relief involves trigger points -- tender areas where muscles have been damaged from falls, childhood ailments, poor posture, and the stresses of daily life. Requiring no special training or equipment, myotherapy is a natural, simple technique that can be performed in the home. Illustrated with charts, photographs, and diagrams, Bonnie Prudden's step-by-step method has been hailed by doctors and patients for its extraordinary 95 percent success rate.

Obesity costs our society billions of dollars a year in lost productivity and medical expenses, roughly half of which the federal government pays through Medicare and Medicaid. We know obesity plagues the poor more than the non-poor and poor women more than poor men. Poor women make up the majority of adult welfare recipients--coincidence or causal connection?

This book investigates the controversial claim by welfare critics that public assistance programs like Food Stamps and the National School Lunch programs contribute to obesity among the poor. The author synthesizes empirical evidence from an array of disciplines--anthropology, economics, epidemiology, medicine, nutrition science, marketing, psychology, public health, sociology, and urban planning--to test this claim and to test whether other causal processes are at work.

With a lucid presentation that makes it a model for applying research to questions of social policy, the book lays out the different hypotheses and the possible causal pathways within each. The four central chapters test whether "public assistance causes obesity," "obesity causes public assistance," "poverty causes both public assistance and obesity," and "Factor X causes both." The factors in the last category that may relate to both public assistance and obesity include stress, disability, and physical abuse.

Borderline personality disorder accounts for almost 25 percent of psychiatric hospitalizations in this country. Lost in the Mirror takes readers behind the erratic behavior of this puzzling disorder, examining its underlying causes and revealing the unimaginable pain and fear beneath its surface.

Completely revised, much of the existing text has been replaced and updated. There are four new chapters covering simple wrist fractures, nerve compression, tendon entrapment and free tissue transfers. Many of the illustrations have been updated with new pictures added to illustrate the new chapters. Welcomed by both doctors and therapists intending to specialize in the subject, or those who regularly encounter hand patients in the course of general practice, this text is an accessible, quick reference book for all those involved in this difficult area of rehabilitation. With its new content and attractive new format, the popularity of this book is assured. * new format makes practical use of this book even easier and helps to locate the information quickly * brevity has been maintained while sufficient theoretical background still provides a rationale for treatment * emphasis is on a practical, step-by-step approach to pre- and postoperative management

This book is an essential handbook on bisphosphonates, the most widely used new class of drugs for osteoporosis therapy. It reviews basic physiology in addition to the indications and adverse reactions of these drugs. Bisphosphonates in Bone Disease, 4E, discusses the compounds' chemistry, mechanisms of action, and animal toxicology before presenting a clinical picture of the diseases treated by bisphosphonates. The book provides a table listing the trade names of the commercially available bisphosphonates, registered indications, and the available forms for various countries. The revised Fourth Edition contains approximately 50% new material, including information on all of the latest drugs.
* The revised fourth edition contains approximately 50% new material
* Includes information on all the latest drugs

This book represents the first serious attempt to explain the fundamental basis of ozonetherapy and is a relevant step towards achieving further progress. Ozone is now considered a real drug and, after reacting with body fluids, releases messengers and activates several mechanisms which are able to elicit multiple biological effects. The therapeutic window has been defined and, contrary to the dogma that ozone is toxic any way you deal with it', it has been shown that ozone toxicity can be tamed and even totally avoided.

New powerful methodologies have been devised and astonishing clinical results in vascular and infectious diseases have already been achieved. An exciting novelty is the induction of an adaptive response that implies the unsuspected possibility of arresting cell degeneration due to endogenous chronic oxidative stress. However, further basic and controlled clinical studies need to be performed to fully exploit ozone's therapeutic potentials and to establish the real validity of this therapy. Authoritative scientists and clinicians should abandon their prejudice and consider the profound difference between endogenous oxidative stress and the new concept of ozonetherapeutic shock'. If this happens, we could soon have a simple and inexpensive tool to restore health in millions of patients.

This book has been written in a plain scientific language and can be read by scientists and clinicians, as well as by patients keen on regaining a state of well being.

In the crowded and busy arena of obesity and fat studies, there is a lack of attention to the lived experiences of people, how and why they eat what they do, and how people in cross-cultural settings understand risk, health, and bodies. This volume addresses the lacuna by drawing on ethnographic methods and analytical emic explorations in order to consider the impact of cultural difference, embodiment, and local knowledge on understanding obesity. It is through this reconstruction of how obesity and fatness are studied and understood that a new discussion will be introduced and a new set of analytical explorations about obesity research and the effectiveness of obesity interventions will be established.

Phytochemicals are components acting individually, additively or synergistically, usually as a component of whole food, that have the characteristics of providing protective, preventative and possibly curative roles in the pathogenesis of cancer and other chronic disease progressions. Nutraceutical is a term used to describe beneficial phytochemicals. The mechanisms of action of nutraceuticals may be one of several. Free radical scavenger and antioxidant nutraceuticals can nullify damage by any number of biochemical mechanisms, but some also exert benefit by enhancing immune function.

A conservative economic analysis was done in 1993 of solely hospital care costs and the roles that three nutrient antioxidants could exert on cardiovascular disease, breast cancer and cataracts. The study considered the potential impact of only three antioxidants, vitamins C and E, and beta-carotene, and the possible annual savings in hospital care costs alone, which could exceed 8 billion dollars. Expert public health physicians believe that as much as 700f disease is preventable.

The chapters in this book were organized to reveal existing and emerging knowledge of nutraceuticals found in garlic, soy and licorice. Lead chapters discuss the epidemiological evidence, and following chapters discuss chemical or biochemical evidence at the cellular level, as well as the presentation of some clinical data.

A major conclusion of the overall effort is that the science of nutraceuticals is very incomplete, but that findings to date have great promise.

Obesity costs our society billions of dollars a year in lost productivity and medical expenses, roughly half of which the federal government pays through Medicare and Medicaid. We know obesity plagues the poor more than the non-poor and poor women more than poor men. Poor women make up the majority of adult welfare recipients--coincidence or causal connection?

This book investigates the controversial claim by welfare critics that public assistance programs like Food Stamps and the National School Lunch programs contribute to obesity among the poor. The author synthesizes empirical evidence from an array of disciplines--anthropology, economics, epidemiology, medicine, nutrition science, marketing, psychology, public health, sociology, and urban planning--to test this claim and to test whether other causal processes are at work.

With a lucid presentation that makes it a model for applying research to questions of social policy, the book lays out the different hypotheses and the possible causal pathways within each. The four central chapters test whether "public assistance causes obesity," "obesity causes public assistance," "poverty causes both public assistance and obesity," and "Factor X causes both." The factors in the last category that may relate to both public assistance and obesity include stress, disability, and physical abuse.

Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Opportunities
Edited by Stephen P. Arneric and Jorge D. Brioni
Nicotine's efficacy in the treatment of pain and anxiolysis, and its usefulness as a memory enhancer, have been suspected for many years, but research into the molecular biology of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) traditionally has focused on smoking cessation. Now, thanks to recent technological advances in the molecular biology and electrophysiology of nAChRs, an abundance of evidence has emerged in support of nAChR ligands in the treatment of a range of CNS disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, neuropathic pain, attention deficit disorder, and depression.
Featuring contributions from an international team of experts in the field, this volume provides researchers and clinicians with a comprehensive review of nAChRs, their molecular biology, pharmacology, and clinical implications. Moving from the molecular to the clinical levels, the authors explore the latest developments in all areas of nAChR research, including:
* Molecular biology and biochemistry of nAChRs
* The physiological roles of nAChRs
* Pharmacokinetics of nicotine-like alkaloids
* Recent breakthroughs and emerging trends in nAChR medicinal chemistry
* Current and emerging therapeutic applications of novel nAChR ligands.

A timely, authoritative review of basic research into nAChRs and their role in the development of new therapeutic strategies in the treatment of a range of various CNS diseases, Neuronal Nicotinic Receptors: Pharmacology and Therapeutic Opportunities is required reading for neuroscientists, pharmacologists, medicinal chemists, biological psychiatrists, and psychopharmacologists.