A complete restructuring and updating of the classic 1982 Handbook of Chemical Property Estimation Methods (commonly known as "Lyman's Handbook"), the Handbook of Property Estimation Methods for Chemicals: Environmental and Health Sciences reviews and recommends practical methods for estimating environmentally important properties of organic chemicals. One of the most eagerly anticipated revisions in scientific publishing, the new Handbook includes both a foreword and a chapter by Dr. Lyman. Written for convenient and frequent use, each chapter integrates recent developments while retaining the elements that made the first version a classic. As a reference tool, the New Edition is indispensable. It comprehensively reviews recent developments in chemical property estimation methods and focuses on the properties most critical to environmental fate assessment.

Striking a balance between basic chemistry and chemical engineering, this up-to-date reference discusses important aspects of acetic acid and its major derivatives, including chemistry, methods of preparation and manufacture, and synthesis, as well as current and emerging downstream technologies.;The book provides comprehensive physical property data for compounds and their separation, including acetic acid-water separation. Describing five categories of techniques for the manufacture of acetic acid, it: examines thermophysical properties and aqueous solutions, with detailed explanations of mathematical models and correlations; supplies a critical analysis of property; outlines manufacturing costs and related economic factors; reviews the applications of acetic acid and derivatives; covers the chemistry and preparation of the derivatives; elucidates recent topics such as deicers, esters and new esterification technologies.

Chapter contribution from Ben Feringa, Nobel Laureate in Chemistry 2016.Atropisomerism and Axial Chirality provides a global survey of the chemistry of axially chiral compounds including biaryls, heterobiaryls, non-biaryl atropisomers, allenes and spyrocyclic derivatives. From the perspective of a synthetic organic chemist, this book provides a unique compilation of the available methodologies for their synthesis, with emphasis on the most efficient and modern strategies, a review of the huge amount of practical applications in the field of asymmetric catalysis, either as transition metal ligands or as organocatalysts, and an overview of their occurrence as bioactive compounds and natural products.The first of its kind, this book serves as a general introduction and a practical reference to advanced chemistry students and researchers, while also offering creative ideas for further developments in the field.

More than any other branch of organic chemistry, synthesis has improved our understanding of the structure, dynamics, and transition of molecules. The availability of sophisticated tools and new techniques has made organic synthesis more challenging than ever for those in the field. This updated edition of the 1970 work highlights significant and intriguing synthetic achievements: their ingenuity in design, extent of stereochemical control, new reactions, and new reagents. Approximately 100 examples illustrate various aspects of organic synthesis, with particular emphasis on bond-making and bond-breaking, dissymetry, conformation, and stereoelectric considerations. Each describes the synthesis of a natural product or of an unusual or strained molecule. Numerous flow sheets and perspective structural formulas illustrate the force of arguments predicting the stereochemical outcome of important steps. Also included is a type-transformation index which highlights some less common reactions.

Long gone are the days when synthetic publications included parallel preparative experiments to document reproducibility of the experimental protocols and when journals required such documentation. The new Proven Synthetic Methods Series addresses concerns to chemists regarding irreproducibility of synthetic protocols, lack of characterization data for new compounds, and inflated yields reported in many chemical communications-trends that have recently become a serious problem. Volume One of Carbohydrate Chemistry: Proven Synthetic Methods includes more detailed versions of protocols previously published for the synthesis of oligosaccharides, C-glycosyl compounds, sugar nucleotides, click chemistry, thioglycosides, and thioimidates, among others. The compilation of protocols covers both common and less frequently used synthetic methods as well as examples of syntheses of selected carbohydrate intermediates with general utility. The major focus of this book is devoted to the proper practice of state-of-the-art preparative procedures, including: References to the starting materials used, reaction setup, work-up and isolation of products, followed by identification and proof of purity of the final material General information regarding convenience of operation and comments on safety issues Versatile and practically useful methods that have not received deserved, long-lasting recognition or that are difficult to access from their primary sources Copies of 1D NMR spectra of compounds prepared, showing purity of materials readers can expect Exploring carbohydrate chemistry from the academic points of view, the Carbohydrate Chemistry: Proven Synthetic Methods Series provides a compendium of preparatively useful procedures checked by chemists from independent research groups.

The second volume in the series Carbohydrate Chemistry: Proven Synthetic Methods, Volume 2 offers a collection of synthetic procedures valuable to the practice of synthetic carbohydrate chemistry. The series takes an important and unique approach in that all described procedures have been independently verified as reliable and reproducible. With editors and contributors who are highly respected scientists in the field, this book provides a widely useful reference for both researchers and students, exploring carbohydrate chemistry from both academic and industrial points of view. The book begins with an introductory section that offers tricks and tips collected by the series editor from many years of experience working in carbohydrate laboratories. The subsequent chapters present detailed protocols on both specific synthetic transformations and the preparation of common synthetic intermediates, with figures to aid in comprehension. Procedures are described for regioselective benzylidene ring opening reactions, oxidation reactions to provide uronic acids, stereoselective alpha-glucosylation reactions, and more. Protocols for synthetic intermediates of general utility include 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-d-galactal, phenyl 4,6-O-benzylidene-1-thio- -d-mannopyranoside, 1,2-anhydro-3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl- -d-mannopyranoside, and methyl N-acetylneuraminic acid, among many others. Each chapter presents in-depth experimental descriptions for the reported procedures, including reaction setup, reaction conditions, work-up procedures, and purification protocols. The chapters also provide detailed characterization of all products and intermediates as well as copies of the 1H NMR and 13C NMR of the described products and intermediates to indicate the purity of the obtained materials and to serve as a valuable reference for future practitioners. This book provides an important starting point to reliably access synthetic carbohydrate materials and as such offers a valuable resource for the synthetic organic chemistry community. Through the streamlined access of well-defined products it provides a thrust to the rapidly growing field of chemical glycobiology.

The Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions is not a book on enzymes, but rather a book on the general mechanisms involved in chemical reactions involving enzymes. An enzyme is a protein molecule in a plant or animal that causes specific reactions without itself being permanently altered or destroyed.
This is a revised edition of a very successful book, which appeals to both academic and industrial markets.
Illustrates the organic mechanism associated with each enzyme-catalyzed reaction
Makes the connection between organic reaction mechanisms and enzyme mechanisms
Compiles the latest information about molecular mechanisms of enzyme reactions
Accompanied by clearly drawn structures, schemes, and figures
Includes an extensive bibliography on enzyme mechanisms covering the last 30 years
Explains how enzymes can accelerate the rates of chemical reactions with high specificity
Provides approaches to the design of inhibitors of enzyme-catalyzed reactions
Categorizes the cofactors that are appropriate for catalyzing different classes of reactions
Shows how chemical enzyme models are used for mechanistic studies
Describes catalytic antibody design and mechanism
Includes problem sets and solutions for each chapter
Written in an informal and didactic style

Bioassay Methods in Natural Product Research and Drug Development contains the proceedings from the Phytochemical Society of Europe's very successful symposium on this topic, held August 24-27, 1997, in Uppsala, Sweden.

In this volume, leading academic and industrial scientists discuss novel methods for assaying natural products to find new structure-activity relationships. Of key importance in this process is the availability and reliability of specific bioassay methods, but chapters also discuss chemical and biological diversity and how to dereplicate natural product extracts to increase efficiency in lead discovery.

Anti-tumor, HIV-inhibitory, antiprotozoal, anti-infective and immunomodulatory natural products are discussed. Various industrial projects are presented for the first time.

This volume bridges the gap between academic and industrial research and scientists, and should be required reading in drug companies and faculties of pharmacy, as well as serving scientists in pharmacognosy, pharmacology, phytochemistry, natural products and drug discovery.

Organic Chemistry I For Dummies, 2nd Edition (9781119293378) was previously published as Organic Chemistry I For Dummies, 2nd Edition (9781118828076). While this version features a new Dummies cover and design, the content is the same as the prior release and should not be considered a new or updated product. The easy way to take the confusion out of organic chemistry Organic chemistry has a long-standing reputation as a difficult course. Organic Chemistry I For Dummies takes a simple approach to the topic, allowing you to grasp concepts at your own pace. This fun, easy-to-understand guide explains the basic principles of organic chemistry in simple terms, providing insight into the language of organic chemists, the major classes of compounds, and top trouble spots. You'll also get the nuts and bolts of tackling organic chemistry problems, from knowing where to start to spotting sneaky tricks that professors like to incorporate. Refreshed example equations New explanations and practical examples that reflect today's teaching methods Fully worked-out organic chemistry problems Baffled by benzines? Confused by carboxylic acids? Here's the help you need--in plain English!

Increased environmental consciousness within the scientific community has spurred the search for environmentally friendly processes as alternatives to conventional organic solvents. In the past two decades, numerous advances-including the use of ionic liquids-have made it possible to develop substitutes for some toxic solvents. Ionic liquids are widely recognized as suitable for use in organic reactions and can also improve the control of product distribution, enhanced reactivity, ease of product recovery, catalyst immobilization, and recycling. Environmentally Friendly Syntheses Using Ionic Liquids presents the latest developments in the field. It also reviews the latest applications in a wide range of fields including biotechnology, nuclear science, medicine, pharmaceuticals, environmental science, and organic and inorganic chemistry-all from the standpoint of green sustainable chemistry. Growing interest in the field of ionic liquids will define newer and unexplored areas of applications, expanding possible use of these environmentally friendly chemicals. The information presented in this book will undoubtedly help motivate readers to further explore the field.

From reviews of the series:
'Many of the articles are indeed accessible to any interested nonspecialist, even without theoretical background.'
Journal of the American Chemical Society
'...an invaluable resource for the serious molecular modeler.' Chemical Design Automation News

This volume provides an overview of recent developments and scope in the use of flow chemistry in relevance to heterocyclic synthesis. The heterocyclic ring is the most prominent structural motif in the vast majority of natural products as well as pharmaceutical compounds since this facilitates tuneable interactions with the biological target besides conferring a degree of structural and metabolic stability. In recent times, flow chemistry has heralded a paradigm shift in organic synthesis as it offers several unique advantages over conventional methods like drastic acceleration of sluggish transformations, enhanced yields, cleaner reactions etc and is gradually gaining a lot of attention among organic chemist worldwide. Given the importance of heterocycles in natural products, medicinal chemistry and pharmaceuticals, this is a well warranted volume and complements the previous volume of Topics in Organometallic Chemistry 'Organometallic Flow Chemistry'. This volume offers a versatile overview of the topic, besides discussing the recent progress in the flourishing area of flow chemistry in relevance to heterocyclic chemistry; it will also help researchers to better understand the chemistry behind these reactions. This in turn provides a platform for future innovations towards the designing of novel transformations under continuous flow. Thus, this volume will appeal to both the novices in this field as well as to experts in academia and industry.

This book offers physical characteristics and spectral data of 150 selected natural compounds arranged according to their chemical structures in various sub-classes. These include natural source, molecular formula, chemical structure, physical characteristics (melting point, molecular weight, and specific rotation) and detailed spectral data (UV, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR, Mass) along with their assignments for each compound.

This book explores the remarkable information correspondences and probability structures of proteins. Correspondences are pervasive in biochemistry and bioinformatics: proteins share homologies, folding patterns, and mechanisms. Probability structures are just as paramount: folded state graphics reflect Angstrom-scale maps of electron density. The author explores protein sequences (primary structures), both individually and in sets (systems) with the help of probability and information tools. This perspective will enhance the reader's knowledge of how an important class of molecules is designed and put to task in natural systems, and how we can approach class members in hands-on ways.

To fully utilize Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, a comprehensive and well-organized compilation of NMR data is necessary. While compilations have been available for other important NMR nuclei, such as carbon and fluorine, no comprehensive collection of data has been prepared for phosphorus-until now. The CRC Handbook of Phosphorus-31 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Data provides a collection of 31P NMR chemical shifts for nearly 20,000 organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds. Each class of phosphorus compound is discussed. Bond types, stereochemistry (with the exception of metal complexes), media, important coupling constants, and data sources are included. The information is systematically organized according to coordination state, the atoms bound to phosphorus, and their connectivities. A comprehensive series of bar charts is also included to allow structure types to be assigned to chemical shift data. This handbook is an invaluable resource for all scientists working with phosphorus compounds, including chemists, biochemists, medical researchers, and pharmaceutical chemists.

Building upon the extensive compilation of biochemical data featured in Volume I of the Handbook of Eicosanoids, the new Volume II describes the past, present, and potential future impact of eicosanoid research on new drug development. The reader is taken from a historical perspective through state-of-the-art basic concepts to extensive tabulation of molecular structures of compounds known to act via the eicosanoid system. Much emphasis is given to recent breakthroughs in the mechanism of action of anti-inflammatory corticosteroids and the development of receptor antagonists for prostaglandins and leukotrienes. There is also an introductory chapter that proposes areas that require further investigation and novel approaches using existing technology. This handbook will thus be invaluable for medicinal chemists, pharmacologists, and all those involved in basic research in the eicosanoid area. In addition, many parts of this handbook are suitable for use by university lecturers and students. There are 20 figures and 44 extensive tables as well as a bibliography containing more than 2,000 references that complement the text.

Chemical synthesis of oligosaccharides is important to organic chemistry because of the critical biological functions of carbohydrates. Unfortunately, no handbook has been published on the subject...until now. Volume 1: Disaccharides presents synthetic carbohydrate chemistry, lists the syntheses, and shows the route of each synthesis. Volume 2: Trisaccharides presents schematic figures and references. This series includes all oligosaccharides synthesized between 1960 and 1986. This allows oligosaccharides prepared in their free form to be presented, as well as those produced in protected form. The series contains data regarding glycosylation reaction, namely reaction conditions (solvent, promoter, temperature), the aglycon and the glycosyl donor used, and the structure and physical data of the isolated product. For disaccharides, the names of the reactants and the products are revealed, while with trisaccharides and higher oligomers, schematic figures provide a quick and easy way to access information concerning the entire process. These volumes will provide an important reference source for biochemists, biologists, and organic chemists.

Organic Nitro Chemistry Series Nitrocarbons Arnold T. Nielsen Nitrocarbons provides detailed coverage of the syntheses, reactions, and physical properties of the five known nitrocarbons. The group of new (unknown) nitrocarbons is also discussed. Nitrocarbons act well as nitrating agents, oxidants, and electron acceptors, and each known nitrocarbon has its own unique and interesting chemistry. Interest in synthesizing both known and unknown nitrocarbons stems from their value as potential explosive and propellant ingredients. In addition, the new chemistry developed in efforts to synthesize nitrocarbons has led to applications in many other synthetic problems. The author, one of the world's leading authorities on the synthesis and chemistry of nitrocarbons, discusses studies applying tetranitromethane reactions to studies of the biological activity of enzymes and other proteins. The relationship between structure and the chemical and physical properties of nitrocarbons, such as stability and explosive power, is also covered. Applications and theoretical calculations of nitrocarbons as explosives and propellant ingredients are given, as are detailed references to the primary literature in the area of nitrocarbons. Nitrocarbons will be of interest to organic chemists, chemists in the defense industry, and explosives specialists, as well as physicists, inorganic chemists, and biochemists. ISBN 1-56081-681-3 VCH Publishers, Inc.

Concepts, procedures and programs described in this book make it possible for readers to solve both simple and complex equilibria problems quickly and easily and to visualize results in both numerical and graphical forms. They allow the user to calculate concentrations of reactants and products for both simple and complicated situations. The user can spend less time doing calculations and more time thinking about what the results mean in terms of a larger problem in which she or he may be interested.

The Diels-Alder reaction mechanism was first reported in 1928 and in the last 70 years has become one of the most commonly used and studied methodologies in organic chemistry. The reaction, which involves the addition of a diene to an alkene to form a six-membered ring, is particularly important in the synthesis of compounds of practical interest such as drugs, dyes, polymers, fragrances, agrochemicals and fine chemicals. The experimental procedure is very simple with generally good yields and minor side reactions. The use of organic solvents is not always necessary - an important factor when considering greener synthetic options. This book focuses on practice, describing procedures and techniques and as well as reporting on industrial applications. Graphical illustration presents the concepts in a clear and concise format, covering procedures and techniques employed to realize selective and clean syntheses based on the Diels-Alder methodology.

Key features:

• The first book to focus on practice, describing procedures and techniques used to carry out the Diels-Alder reaction.
• Describes a large variety of applications.
• Physical and catalytic methods to enhance selectivity of the Diels-Alder reaction are described.
• Includes practical procedures for Diels-Alder cycloaddition reactions accomplished in conventional and non-conventional media.
• Draws attention to the potential for clean syntheses and green chemistry.
• Contains approximately 1000 references and a keyword index to facilitate the literature search.
• Summarizes the relevant literature of the last ten years.

Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis

Series Editors: Eric Derouane (Universidade do Algarve, Faro, and Instituto Superior Tecnico, Lisbon, Portugal)

Ivan V. Kozhevnikov (University of Liverpool, UK)

Stanley M Roberts (University of Manchester, UK)

Catalysts are increasingly used by chemists engaged in fine chemical synthesis within both industry and academia. Today, there is a huge choice of high-tech catalysts that adds enormously to the repertoire of synthetic possibilities. However, catalysts are occasionally capricious, sometimes difficult to use and almost always require both skill and experience in order to achieve optimal results. This series offers practical help for advanced undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as experienced chemists in industry and academia working with catalysts in organic and organometallic synthesis. It features tested and validated procedures, authoritative reviews on classes of catalysts, and assessments of all types of catalysts.

Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis, Volume 5: Regio- and Stereo-Controlled Oxidations and Reductions

Editors: Stanley M. Roberts and John Whittall, (University of Manchester, UK)

Volume 5 in the series "Catalysts for Fine Chemical Synthesis" describes new procedures for the regio- and stereo-controlled transformations of compounds involving oxidation or reduction reactions. A wide range of catalysts are described, including organometallic systems, biocatalysts and biomimetics. Conversions that are discussed include: asymmetric hydrogenation of alkenes, enones, ene-esters and ene-acids asymmetric reduction of ketones imine reduction and reductive amination oxidation ofprimary and secondary alcohols hydroxylation, epoxidation and related reactions oxidation of ketones to lactones or enones oxidative C-C coupling oxidation of sulfides and sulfoxides

"Regio- and Stereo-Controlled Oxidations and Reductions" is a "how-to" practical guide with protocols detailed by the authors who have discovered the new transformations. The source of starting materials and reagents, hints, tips and safety advice (where appropriate) are given to ensure, as far as possible, that the procedures are reproducible. Comparisons to alternative methodology are given and relevant references to the primary literature are cited. In order to put the different procedures into proper context, the editors provide a short overview of recent developments in the field of oxidations and reductions.

This book is an important text for practising synthetic organic chemists in industry and academia.

The topic of this thesis is catalytic conversion of non-food, abundant, and renewable biomass such as cellulose and chitin to chemicals. In biorefinery, chemical transformation of polymers to valuable compounds has attracted worldwide interest for building sustainable societies. First, the current situation of this hot research area has been summarized well in the general introduction of the thesis, which helps readers to become familiar with this topic. Next, the author explains high-yielding production of glucose from cellulose by using an alkali-activated carbon as a catalyst, resulting in a yield of glucose as high as 88%, which is one of the highest yields ever reported. The characterization of carbon materials has indicated that weak acid sites on the catalyst promote the reaction, which is markedly different from reported catalytic systems that require strong acids. In addition, the first catalytic transformation of chitin with retention of N-acetyl groups has been developed. The combination of mechanocatalytic hydrolysis and thermal solvolysis enables the production of N-acetylated monomers in good yields of up to 70%. The catalytic systems demonstrated in this thesis are unique in the fields of both chemistry and chemical engineering, and their high efficiencies can contribute to green and sustainable chemistry in the future. Meanwhile, mechanistic studies based on characterization, thermodynamics, kinetics, and model reactions have also been performed to reveal the roles of catalysts during the reactions. The results will be helpful for readers to design and develop new catalysts and reaction systems.

This book is designed to serve as a textbook for core courses offered to postgraduate students enrolled in chemistry. This book can also be used as a core or supplementary text for nuclear chemistry courses offered to students of chemical engineering. The book covers various topics of nuclear chemistry like Shell model, fission/fusion reaction, natural radioactive equilibrium series, nuclear reactions carried by various types of accelerators. In addition, it describes the law of decay of radioactivity, type of decay, and interaction of radiation with matter. It explains the difference between ionization counter, scintillation counter and solid state detector. This book also consists of end-of-book problems to help readers aid self-learning. The detailed coverage and pedagogical tools make this an ideal textbook for postgraduate students and researchers enrolled in various chemistry and engineering courses. This book will also be beneficial for industry professionals in the allied fields.

An updated overview of the rapidly developing field of green techniques for organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry Green chemistry remains a high priority in modern organic synthesis and pharmaceutical R&D, with important environmental and economic implications. This book presents comprehensive coverage of green chemistry techniques for organic and medicinal chemistry applications, summarizing the available new technologies, analyzing each technique's features and green chemistry characteristics, and providing examples to demonstrate applications for green organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. The extensively revised edition of Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry includes 7 entirely new chapters on topics including green chemistry and innovation, green chemistry metrics, green chemistry and biological drugs, and the business case for green chemistry in the generic pharmaceutical industry. It is divided into 4 parts. The first part introduces readers to the concepts of green chemistry and green engineering, global environmental regulations, green analytical chemistry, green solvents, and green chemistry metrics. The other three sections cover green catalysis, green synthetic techniques, and green techniques and strategies in the pharmaceutical industry. Includes more than 30% new and updated material--plus seven brand new chapters Edited by highly regarded experts in the field (Berkeley Cue is one of the fathers of Green Chemistry in Pharma) with backgrounds in academia and industry Brings together a team of international authors from academia, industry, government agencies, and consultancies (including John Warner, one of the founders of the field of Green Chemistry) Green Techniques for Organic Synthesis and Medicinal Chemistry, Second Edition is an essential resource on green chemistry technologies for academic researchers, R&D professionals, and students working in organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry.

The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, since its inception, has been recognized as a cornerstone of heterocyclic chemistry. Each volume attempts to discuss all aspects - properties, synthesis, reactions, physiological and industrial significance - of a specific ring system. To keep the series up-to-date, supplementary volumes covering the recent literature on each individual ring system have been published. Many ring systems (such as pyridines and oxazoles) are treated in distinct books, each consisting of separate volumes or parts dealing with different individual topics. With all authors are recognized authorities, the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Chemistry is considered worldwide as the indispensable resource for organic, bioorganic, and medicinal chemists.