Many new drugs on the market are chiral compounds, that is, they can exist in two non-superimposable mirror-image forms. Asymmetric catalysis encompasses a large variety of processes for obtaining such compounds. The performance of the catalyst in those processes largely depends on the ligand that makes up the catalyst. This book describes the most relevant ligand libraries for some key processes, including an overview of the state of art and the key mechanistic aspects that favor a high catalytic performance. Key Features: The book presents historical content from the time of discovery for each family of ligands. Provides a description of the synthetic route and the ligand library's application in various catalytic asymmetric reactions Suitable as supplementary reading for courses targeting the design, synthesis and application of chiral catalysts, asymmetric catalysis and sustainable production Edited by a distinguished scientist in the field, the book has a diverse audience including research groups in homogeneous catalysis, particularly asymmetric transformations

The rich biodiversity of Borneo provides many useful plants for medicinal purposes. Written by experts in the field, Medicinal Plants of Borneo provides a guide and introduction to the medicinal plants from Borneo used traditionally as well as plants whose medicinal uses have been recently discovered. These include anti-HIV plants - such as Calophyllum lanigerum (calanolide A) - and anti-cancer plants - such as Aglaia foveolata (silvestrol). The book also provides information on the relevant medicinal chemistry, such as isolated bioactive compounds and the mechanism of action, where available. FEATURES Discusses the rich experience in the use of medicinal plants and the wide diversity of Borneo's botanical resources Presents plants with medicinal properties from a scientific perspective Provides readers with current information on the chemistry and pharmacology of natural products with pharmaceutical potential Covers a range of chemical, botanical and pharmacological diversities Forms an important part of the Natural Products Chemistry of Global Plants series due to an increasing global interest in natural products and botanical drugs Simon Gibbons is Head of the School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, UK, and a Professor of Natural Product Chemistry. He was formerly a Professor of Medicinal Phytochemistry at the School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL). Stephen P. Teo is a forest botanist with the Forest Department, Sarawak, Malaysia.

This comprehensive text covers the research and development trends in the growing field of aromatic C-H dehydrogenative coupling reactions, leading to different types of heterocycles. The author provides answers to how these coupling reactions occur, what kinds of heterocycles are synthesized, and what their advantages are. The palladium-, rhodium-, iridium-, copper-, cobalt-, ruthenium-, and ferric-catalyzed aromatic C(sp2)-H dehydrogenative cross-coupling reactions are described in detail. A useful reference source for researchers and graduates in the field of heterocyclic chemistry and transition-metal-catalyzed dehydrogenative coupling reactions. Features: Comprehensive volume on the synthesis of benzo-heterocycles via aromatic C(sp2)-H bond activation. Heterocycles are of paramount importance to medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. Provides a comprehensive literature survey on the construction of heterocycles. Reaction procedures and mechanistic explanations are included, which will appeal to those in fine chemicals and pharmaceutical companies.

Advances in Microwave Chemistry discusses the novel bond formation methodologies, synergistic effects of microwaves with other entities, sample preparation including digestion, combustion, and extraction techniques, as well as selectivity in chemical processes. Recent updates are provided on microwave-assisted syntheses of pharmacologically significant aza-, oxo- and other heterocycles, including lactams, nucleosides, bile acids and sterols, the preparation of nanomaterials, composites, and absorber layer materials for thin film. This book also incorporates comparative discussions involving microwave irradiation with conventional methods in different aspects of organic, inorganic, medicinal, and green chemistry. Key Features: Provides a comparative discussion on microwave irradiation with conventional methods in different aspects of organic, inorganic, medicinal, and green chemistry Presents recent applications of microwave radiation in biocatalysis Offers a complete package correlating various aspects of microwaves in organic syntheses, the biological impact of products formed in reactions, pharmacological features, and environmental sustainability of the procedures Explains microwave-induced reactions on structurally complex bile acids and sterols Stands as a valuable and unique addition to the well-established book series, New Directions in Organic and Biological Chemistry

Since the 1990s the synthetic community has shown a growing interest in the development of catalytic reactions that employ entirely organic catalysts - so-called 'organocatalysts'. With the current emphasis on green chemistry throughout the chemical industry, organocatalysis has become indispensible. In spite of this growth and recognition, there can be a misconception that organocatalysts are only based on nitrogen-containing functional groups (amines, ureas, and quaternary ammonium salts, for example), and are only useful for asymmetric reactions. Nonnitrogenous Organocatalysis shows that the umbrella of organocatalysis covers other main group elements besides nitrogen, and the coverage is not just limited to asymmetric methods. Many of the catalysts and mechanisms discussed may not have a viable asymmetric variant or cannot be rendered asymmetric at all. This does not make them any less useful, as illustrated in this book.

Wood has played a major role throughout human history. Strong and versatile, the earliest humans used wood to make shelters, cook food, construct tools, build boats, and make weapons. Recently, scientists, politicians, and economists have renewed their interest in wood because of its unique properties, aesthetics, availability, abundance, and perhaps most important of all, its renewability. However, wood will not reach its highest use potential until we fully describe it, understand the mechanisms that control its performance properties, and, finally, are able to manipulate those properties to give us the desired performance we seek. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites analyzes the chemical composition and physical properties of wood cellulose and its response to natural processes of degradation. It describes safe and effective chemical modifications to strengthen wood against biological, chemical, and mechanical degradation without using toxic, leachable, or corrosive chemicals. Expert researchers provide insightful analyses of the types of chemical modifications applied to polymer cell walls in wood. They emphasize the mechanisms of reaction involved and resulting changes in performance properties including modifications that increase water repellency, fire retardancy, and resistance to ultraviolet light, heat, moisture, mold, and other biological organisms. The text also explores modifications that increase mechanical strength, such as lumen fill, monomer polymer penetration, and plasticization. The Handbook of Wood Chemistry and Wood Composites concludes with the latest applications, such as adhesives, geotextiles, and sorbents, and future trends in the use of wood-based composites in terms of sustainable agriculture, biodegradability and recycling, and economics. Incorporating decades of teaching experience, the editor of this handbook is well-attuned to educational demands as well as industry standards and research trends.

Addressing the persistent environmental threat of organic chemicals with a fresh approach to degradation and transformation processes, Organic Chemicals in the Environment: Mechanisms of Degradation and Transformation, Second Edition examines a wide range of compounds as well as abiotic and microbiological reactions mediated by microorganisms. The book emphasizes the pathways used and the broad classes of enzymes involved. It provides an overview of experimental procedures with detailed coverage of the organic compounds that are considered to be xenobiotics. The book begins by providing a broad perspective on abiotic and biotic reactions, including the significance of a range of environmental determinants. The following chapters briefly introduce experimental procedures and emphasize those procedures for establishing the structure of metabolites using isotopes and physical methods. Next, the authors outline details of biochemical reactions involved in the biodegradation of the major groups of aliphatic, carbocyclic aromatic, and heterocyclic compounds. They end with coverage of bioremediation that has attracted increasing concern because of the hazard presented by the disposal of unwanted chemicals or by-products from their manufacture. Broad and comprehensive, this book provides a cohesive treatment of the subject. It contains an extensive set of literature references and numerous illustrative figures. The authors use a mechanistic approach with emphasis on the pathways, and the principles that emerge provide a guide not only for specific compounds but also for those having a more remote structural resemblance.

A timely and authoritative treatise on the chemistry and diverse applications of chalcogenadiazoles - the five-membered rings containing two carbons, two nitrogens, and one chalcogen (an member of group 16, the oxygen family). The number of different chalcogenadiazoles and their structural diversity make it difficult to gain a clear understanding of the subject by studying an individual system in isolation. Chalcogenadiazoles: Chemistry and Applications emphasizes general features of this class of heterocyclic compounds. It concentrates on properties of each class of chalcogenadiazoles and their cycle-fused derivatives, considering chemical reactions of functional groups only in cases when these reactions permit to characterize the heterocycles as substituents or in respect of its aromaticity.Covering an important and rapidly developing branch of heterocyclic chemistry, this book is an essential resource for students, young professionals and experienced specialists in adjacent fields who are interested in: Trends in the search for compounds with established bioactivity or use in medicine, as agrochemicals, or as reagents for environmental and biochemical analysis Differences in classes of chalcogenadiazoles with respect to their degree of aromaticity and similar general concepts helpful to the nonspecialist The effects of the chalcogen nature and the alternation manner of all atomic constituents on properties of these heterocyclic compounds Combining data from organic, biological, medicinal, materials science, and supramolecular chemistry, Chalcogenadiazoles: Chemistry and Applications is an important source of information not only for chemists in the fields of organic, inorganic, and organometallic chemistry, but also for anyone interested in the research and development of chalcogenadiazoles and related species.

Intrigued as much by its complex nature as by its outsider status in traditional organic chemistry, the editors of The Organic Chemistry of Sugars compile a groundbreaking resource in carbohydrate chemistry that illustrates the ease at which sugars can be manipulated in a variety of organic reactions. Each chapter contains numerous examples demonstrating the methods and strategies that apply mainstream organic chemistry to the chemical modification of sugars. The book first describes the discovery, development, and impact of carbohydrates, followed by a discussion of protecting group strategies, glycosylation techniques, and oligosaccharide syntheses. Several chapters focus on reactions that convert sugars and carbohydrates to non-carbohydrate molecules including the substitution of sugar hydroxyl groups to new groups of synthetic or biological interest, cyclitols and carbasugars, as well as endocyclic heteroatom substitutions. Subsequent chapters demonstrate the use of sugars in chiral catalysis, their roles as convenient starting materials for complex syntheses involving multiple stereogenic centers, and syntheses for monosaccharides. The final chapters focus on new and emerging technologies, including approaches to combinatorial carbohydrate chemistry, the biological importance and chemical synthesis of glycopeptides, and the medicinally significant concept of glycomimetics. Presenting the organic chemistry of sugars as a solution to many complex synthetic challenges, The Organic Chemistry of Sugars provides a comprehensive treatment of the manipulation of sugars and their importance in mainstream organic chemistry. Daniel E. Levy, editor of the Drug Discovery Series, is the founder of DEL BioPharma, a consulting service for drug discovery programs. He also maintains a blog that explores organic chemistry.

This book covers the recent innovations relating to various bioactive natural products (such as alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, anthraquinones, steroids, polysaccharides, tannins and polyphenolic compounds, volatile oils, fixed oils, fats and waxes, proteins and peptides, vitamins, marine products, camptothecin, piperines, carvacrol, gedunin, GABA, ginsenosides) and their applications in the pharmaceutical fields related to academic, research and industry.

This book focuses on chemical syntheses and processes for biofuel production mediated by microwave energy. This is the first contribution in this area serving as a resource and guidance manual for understanding the principles, mechanisms, design, and applications of microwaves in biofuel process chemistry. Green chemistry of microwave-mediated biofuel reactions and thermodynamic potentials for the process biochemistry are the focus of this book. Microwave generation, wave propagation, process design, development and configurations, and biofuel applications are discussed in detail.

This book is a compilation of the recent applications of palladium catalysts in organic synthesis. The book demonstrates that it is a highly dynamic research field. This methodology has emerged as a powerful tool for the efficient and chemoselective synthesis of heterocyclic molecules. In the past few years, several strategies have been pointed out to pursue more efficient, sustainable, and environment friendly chemical processes. Among those strategies, catalysis and the design of new processes that avoid the use of toxic reagents have been the focus of intense research.

Medicinal Plants in Asia for Metabolic Syndrome: Natural Products and Molecular Basis offers an in-depth view into the metabolic syndrome pharmacology of natural products with an emphasis on their molecular basis, cellular pathways, metabolic organs, and endocrine regulations. This sensational volume provides the scientific names, botanical classifications, botanical descriptions, medicinal uses, chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of more than 100 Asian plants, with high quality original botanical plates, chemical structures, and pharmacological diagrams. It also lists hundreds of carefully selected bibliographical references, constituents on insulin resistance, obesity, atherosclerosis, atherogenic dyslipidemia, and endothelial dysfunction.

Intended for students of intermediate organic chemistry, this text shows how to write a reasonable mechanism for an organic chemical transformation. The discussion is organized by types of mechanisms and the conditions under which the reaction is executed, rather than by the overall reaction as is the case in most textbooks. Each chapter discusses common mechanistic pathways and suggests practical tips for drawing them. Worked problems are included in the discussion of each mechanism, and "common error alerts" are scattered throughout the text to warn readers about pitfalls and misconceptions that bedevil students. Each chapter is capped by a large problem set.

The rich biodiversity of Borneo provides many useful plants for medicinal purposes. Written by experts in the field, Medicinal Plants of Borneo provides a guide and introduction to the medicinal plants from Borneo used traditionally as well as plants whose medicinal uses have been recently discovered. These include anti-HIV plants - such as Calophyllum lanigerum (calanolide A) - and anti-cancer plants - such as Aglaia foveolata (silvestrol). The book also provides information on the relevant medicinal chemistry, such as isolated bioactive compounds and the mechanism of action, where available. FEATURES Discusses the rich experience in the use of medicinal plants and the wide diversity of Borneo's botanical resources Presents plants with medicinal properties from a scientific perspective Provides readers with current information on the chemistry and pharmacology of natural products with pharmaceutical potential Covers a range of chemical, botanical and pharmacological diversities Forms an important part of the Natural Products Chemistry of Global Plants series due to an increasing global interest in natural products and botanical drugs Simon Gibbons is Head of the School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, UK, and a Professor of Natural Product Chemistry. He was formerly a Professor of Medicinal Phytochemistry at the School of Pharmacy, University College London (UCL). Stephen P. Teo is a forest botanist with the Forest Department, Sarawak, Malaysia.

Available for the first time in Achieve, the highly respected Organic Chemistry, 7e is rooted in scholarly tradition, and informed by chemical education. Organic Chemistry helps students achieve a relational understanding of organic chemistry. Loudon and Parise emphasize how key organic chemistry concepts relate to one another through a functional group organization and mechanistic reasoning to help students understand the "why" of reactions. The 7th edition has been rigorously updated and continues to be a trusted reference for instructors, with the most up-to-date research and the highest standard of accuracy. Hallmark features including an elegant writing style, masterful problems, and biological applications are retained and enhanced by Achieve, Macmillan's new online learning system. Achieve supports educators and students throughout the full flexible range of instruction, including resources to support learning of core concepts, visualization, problem-solving and assessment. Powerful analytics and instructor support resources in Achieve pair with exceptional Organic Chemistry content provides an unrivaled learning experience.

The book is the first thorough study of the role of phosphorus chemistry in the origin of life. This book starts with depiction of the phosphorus role in life creation and evolution. Then it outlines in vital processes how different phosphorus-containing compounds participate as biomarker in life evolution. Written by renowned scientists, it is suitable for researchers and students in organic phosphorus chemistry and biochemistry.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry presents critical reviews of the present and future trends in modern chemical research. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field. Review articles for the individual volumes are invited by the volume editors. Readership: research chemists at universities or in industry, graduate students

Green Organic Chemistry and Its Interdisciplinary Applications covers key developments in green chemistry and demonstrates to students that the developments were most often the result of innovative thinking. Using a set of selected experiments, all of which have been performed in the laboratory with undergraduate students, it demonstrates how to optimize and develop green experiments. The book dedicates each chapter to individual applications, such as Engineering The chemical industry The pharmaceutical industry Analytical chemistry Environmental chemistry Each chapter also poses questions at the end, with the answers included. By focusing on both the interdisciplinary applications of green chemistry and the innovative thinking that has produced new developments in the field, this book manages to present two key messages in a manner where they reinforce each other. It provides a single and concise reference for chemists, instructors, and students for learning about green organic chemistry and its great and ever-expanding number of applications.

The book comprises reviews on various topics of carbon nanotube research from specialists in the field, together with reports on on-going research. Both are intended to give a detailed picture of the remarkable properties of these one-dimensional nanostructures. Particular attention is paid to the synthesis, characterization, properties, and application of nanotubes. The book will be an indispensable introduction for the newcomers in the field as well as a valuable update for researchers in the field, for it contains the most recent developments.

The series "Topics in Heterocyclic Chemistry" will present critical reviews on "Heterocyclic Compounds" within topic related volumes dealing with all aspects such as synthesis, reaction mechanisms, structure complexity, properties, reactivity, stability, fundamental and theoretical studies, biology, biomedical studies, pharmacological aspects, applications in material sciences etc. Metabolism will be also included which will provide information useful in designing pharmacologically active agents. Pathways involving destruction of heterocyclic ring will also be dealt with so that synthesis of specifically functionalized non-heterocyclic molecules can be designed. Overall scope is to cover topics dealing with most of the areas of current trends in heterocyclic chemistry which will suit to a larger heterocyclic community.

Chiral Organic Pollutants introduces readers to the growing challenges of chirality in synthetic chemicals. In this volume, contributors brilliantly summarize the characteristics of chiral pollutants to provide tools and techniques for effectively assessing their environmental and human health risks. Chapters cover recent research on the physicochemical properties, sources, exposure pathways, environmental fate, toxicity, and enantioselective analysis of chiral organic pollutants. Chiral Organic Pollutants also provides comprehensive discussions on the current trends in the synthesis and legislation of chiral chemicals. Key Features: Includes sampling and analytical methods for the enantioselective analysis of a wide array of chiral organic pollutants in food and the environment Summarizes recent research on the sources, fate, transport, and toxicity of chiral organic pollutants in the environment Critically examines the sources and pathways of chiral organic pollutants such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and flame retardants in food Includes a comprehensive discussion on current trends in the enantioselective synthesis and chiral switching of pesticides and pharmaceuticals Provides analysis of current national and international regulations of chiral synthetic chemicals The use of chiral synthetic chemicals such as pesticides, pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and halogenated flame retardants has significantly grown in the past 60 years. Hence, understanding the human and environmental health effects of chiral organic pollutants is crucial in the industry, academia, and policymaking. Chiral Organic Pollutants is an excellent textbook and reference for students, scientists, engineers, and policymakers interested in food quality, environmental pollution, chemical analysis, organic synthesis, and toxicology. Also available in the Food Analysis and Properties Series: Analysis of Nanoplastics and Microplastics in Food, edited by Leo. M.L. Nollet and Khwaja Salahuddin Siddiqi (ISBN: 9781138600188) Proteomics for Food Authentication, edited by Leo M.L. Nollet, and Semih OEtles (ISBN: 9780367205058) Mass Spectrometry Imaging in Food Analysis, edited by Leo M.L. Nollet (ISBN: 9781138370692) For a complete list of books in this series, please visit our website at: www.crcpress.com/Food-Analysis--Properties/book-series/CRCFOODANPRO

Frustrated Lewis Pairs: From Dihydrogen Activation to Asymmetric Catalysis, by Dianjun Chen, Jurgen Klankermayer

Coexistence of Lewis Acid and Base Functions: A Generalized View of the Frustrated Lewis Pair Concept with Novel Implications for Reactivity, by Heinz Berke, Yanfeng Jiang, Xianghua Yang, Chunfang Jiang, Subrata Chakraborty, Anne Landwehr

New Organoboranes in "Frustrated Lewis Pair" Chemistry, by Zhenpin Lu, Hongyan Ye, Huadong Wang

Paracyclophane Derivatives in Frustrated Lewis Pair Chemistry, by Lutz Greb, Jan Paradies

Novel Al-Based FLP Systems, by Werner Uhl, Ernst-Ulrich Wurthwein

N-Heterocyclic Carbenes in FLP Chemistry, by Eugene L. Kolychev, Eileen Theuergarten, Matthias Tamm

Carbon-Based Frustrated Lewis Pairs, by Shabana Khan, Manuel Alcarazo

Selective C-H Activations Using Frustrated Lewis Pairs. Applications in Organic Synthesis, by Paul Knochel, Konstantin Karaghiosoff, Sophia Manolikakes

FLP-Mediated Activations and Reductions of CO2 and CO, by Andrew E. Ashley, Dermot O Hare

Radical Frustrated Lewis Pairs, by Timothy H. Warren and Gerhard Erker

Polymerization by Classical and Frustrated Lewis Pairs, by Eugene Y.-X. Chen

Frustrated Lewis Pairs Beyond the Main Group: Transition Metal-Containing Systems, by D. Wass

Reactions of Phosphine-Boranes and Related Frustrated Lewis Pairs with Transition Metal Complexes, by Abderrahmane Amgoune, Ghenwa Bouhadir, Didier Bourissou"

Reviewing and correlating in detail the synthetic, mechanistic, and physical properties ofenamines, this reference features an extensive discussion of all enamine literature ...numerous practical examples of synthetic enamine applications ... new information onoxidation-reduction reactions of enamines ... numerous tables and schemes that givefast, easy access to a wealth of useful data .. . and improved coordination among contributingauthors to reduce duplication and overlap.Thoroughly updating the original edition, Enamines, Second Edition contains over2,400 bibliographic citations that help researchers investigate particular subjects ingreat.er depth. It comprises an authoritative source for organic, synthetic, physical, andnatural products chemists in academe, industry, or government, as well as for advancedgraduate students in these disciplines.

Modern Electrosynthetic Methods in Organic Chemistry introduces readers to new ways of making materials and compounds using low waste processes, employing energy from electricity rather than chemical reagents. It explores electro-organic synthesis, which offers clean synthesis tools as well as unusual reaction intermediates and reaction types. Despite applications previously remaining niche, due to the advent of microfluidic reactors this book is a must-read for industry professionals and academics alike. It targets specific areas of recent progress and development in the field that show high novelty and potential, at the same time inviting a wider range of applications in green and clean technology. Key Features: Offers clean synthesis tools Targets areas of recent progress and development Addresses the most recent advances in the field