Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Volume 63, covers the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques that have made it possible to rapidly isolate and determine the structures and biological activity of natural products. The book highlights these new and exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. As natural products in the plant and animal kingdom offer a huge diversity of chemical structures that are the result of biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects, this book is an ideal resource on the material presented.

Medicinal Chemistry Approaches to Malaria and Other Tropical Disease, Volume 53 in the Annual Reports in Medicinal Chemistry series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors.

Advances in Physical Organic Chemistry, Volume 53, presents the latest reviews of recent work in physical organic chemistry. It provides a valuable source of information that is ideal not only for physical organic chemists applying their expertise to both novel and traditional problems, but also for non-specialists across diverse areas who identify a physical organic component in their approach to research. Its hallmark is a quantitative, molecular level understanding of phenomena across a diverse range of disciplines. Chapters in this updated release include Theoretical models for activation and reaction energies in chemical reactions, Chiral induction in asymmetric dual catalysis, and The transition state.

The Wolff-Kishner Reduction and Related Reactions: Discovery and Development offers a detailed discussion of this reaction, its discoverers, and its development since its discovery. Derivative name reactions-including the Wharton and Shapiro reactions-are also discussed. The book is illustrated with examples from literature and corresponding references to the primary literature to aid further reading. It provides a comprehensive review of the century of chemistry that allows the reader to follow the development of this important synthetic reaction. In addition, it provides biographical details on the chemists who discovered and developed the reaction, thus adding a human dimension to the discussion.

Carbon Rich Compounds are defined here as carbon skeletons with a carbon to hydrogen ratio of 1: (=centro"-polyhydrindanes as well as oligoquinanes, in particular highly unsaturated ones, are discussed.

Discovery and Development of Anti-inflammatory Agents from Natural Products, the latest volume in the Natural Product Drug Discovery series, presents cutting-edge research advances in the field of bioactive natural products and natural drug formulations, with this volume focusing on molecules of natural origin and their synthetic analogues that have the potential to act against the pathogens responsible for inflammatory diseases. All aspects of each are covered, including isolations and structure elucidations, in vitro and in vivo biological activity, synthetic optimization, investigations of pharmacodynamics and kinetics, and the structure-activity relationships of anti-inflammatory natural products. Written by active researchers and leading experts, this book brings together an overview of current discoveries and trends in this field. It will be a valuable resource for researchers working to discover promising leads for the development of pharmaceuticals in the prevention and treatment of anti-inflammatory diseases.

Plants produce chemicals as part of their normal metabolic activities. These include primary metabolites found in all plants, such as sugars and fats, as well as secondary metabolites, which can have therapeutic effects in humans and be refined to produce drugs. Plants synthesize a bewildering variety of phytochemicals, but most are derivatives of a few biochemical motifs. Numerous herbal-derived substances have been evaluated for their therapeutic potential. These include alkaloids, coumarins, saponins, plant pigments and flavonoids. Flavonoids, carotenoids and anthocyanins are probably the best known of these substances due to their antioxidant properties. Carotenoids: Structure and Function in the Human Body presents comprehensive coverage of carotenoids. The text covers the scientific literature and clinical significance of this organic pigment, with an emphasis on its therapeutic potential. The authors approach carotenoids from a range of perspectives, from their structural and physicochemical properties to their distribution in nature, interaction with the human metabolism, and use as a coloring agent in various products. The intake, metabolism and secretion of anthocyanins in the human body are covered in-depth, as are the biosynthetic pathways through which these compounds are synthesized in the natural system. Factors affecting stability and extraction are listed, and health-related uses and biological activities are covered in great detail. Present and future trends in carotenoid research are also presented. This book provides a solid background in carotenoids for researchers and professionals in food science, food technology, nutrition, biology, chemistry and medical sciences.

Strategies and Solutions to Advanced Organic Reaction Mechanisms: A New Perspective on McKillop's Problems builds upon Alexander (Sandy) McKillop's popular text, Solutions to McKillop's Advanced Problems in Organic Reaction Mechanisms, providing a unified methodological approach to dealing with problems of organic reaction mechanism. This unique book outlines the logic, experimental insight and problem-solving strategy approaches available when dealing with problems of organic reaction mechanism. These valuable methods emphasize a structured and widely applicable approach relevant for both students and experts in the field. By using the methods described, advanced students and researchers alike will be able to tackle problems in organic reaction mechanism, from the simple and straight forward to the advanced.

Food manufacturing generates an incredibly high volume of wastewater. The legume industry is one of the top contributors to this environmental issue, as soaking and boiling are necessary to transform dried legumes into cooked canned products and other legume-based products, such as soymilk, tofu, hummus and flours. Wastewater must be treated prior to disposal into the environment, thus raising production costs for the food industry. In addition, wastewater contains nutrients that are lost from the food chain after disposal. As water and soluble nutrients are becoming a limited resource, it is critical to optimize food manufacturing at all levels. Recycling Legume Wastewater Into Food Ingredients presents a sustainable solution to this increasing demand for food and water. The text analyses the composition of legume wastewater and its physicochemical properties, including its potential applications in emulsifiers, foaming agents, gelling agents and antistaling ingredients. Early chapters discuss the processing of legumes and the wastewater generation involved. Further sections focus on wastewater generated by soaking and cooking, including the composition, functional properties, and food applications involved in each. Sprouting water, bioactives and applications in edible packaging are also discussed. In presenting a sustainable solution for legume wastewater use, this text is an important key to sustainability in food processing and the reduction of waste.

This volume is the 44th in this classical series. In every volume relevant reaction mechanisms are featured in chapters entitled: * Reaction of Aldehydes and Ketones and their Derivatives * Reactions of Carboxylic, Phosphoric, and Sulfonic Acids and their Derivatives * Oxidation and Reduction * Carbenes and Nitrenes * Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution * Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution * Carbocations * Nucleophilic Aliphatic Substitution * Carbanions and Electrophilic Aliphatic Substitution * Elimination Reactions * Addition Reactions: Polar Addition * Addition Reactions: Cycloadditions * Molecular Rearrangements An experienced team of authors is compiling these reviews every year, so that the reader can rely on a continuing quality of selection and presentation. As a new service to the reader all reaction mechanisms leading to stereospecific products are highlighted. This reflects the needs of the organic synthetic community with leads to chiral reactions. Detailed author and subject indexes help the reader to find the information they are looking for. As a new service to the reader all mechanisms featuring 'Enantiospecific and diastereospecific' reactions are highlighted. This reflects the interest of synthetic organic chemists in such reactions and the pharmaceutical role of chiral molecules.

Medicinal Plants of South Asia: Novel Sources for Drug Discovery provides a comprehensive review of medicinal plants of this region, highlighting chemical components of high potential and applying the latest technology to reveal the underlying chemistry and active components of traditionally used medicinal plants. Drawing on the vast experience of its expert editors and authors, the book provides a contemporary guide source on these novel chemical structures, thus making it a useful resource for medicinal chemists, phytochemists, pharmaceutical scientists and everyone involved in the use, sales, discovery and development of drugs from natural sources.

Total Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products provides step-by-step guidelines for effectively synthesizing the most promising bioactive agents from a broad range of natural products. Beginning with a concise background that outlines the benefits and challenges faced in effective synthesis, the book goes on to provide individual outlines for approximately 100 of the most promising bioactive agents. Taking a logical, user-friendly approach, the systematic name, compound class, structure, natural source, pharmaceutical potential and synthetic routes for each structure are detailed, with clear illustrations throughout, making this book an essential and practical guide for anyone working with both synthesis and natural products.

Reproducibility in Biomedical Research: Epistemological and Statistical Problems explores the ideas and conundrums inherent in scientific research. It explores factors of reproducibility, including logic, distinguishing productive from unproductive irreproducibility, the scientific method, and the use of statistics. In multiple examples and six detailed case studies, the book demonstrates the misuse of logic resulting in unproductive irreproducibility, allowing researchers to develop their own logic and planning abilities. Biomedical researchers, clinicians, administrators of scientific institutions and funding agencies, journal editors, philosophers of science and medicine will find the arguments and explorations a valuable addition to their libraries.

Determination of Toxic Organic Chemicals in Natural Waters, Sediments and Soils: Determination and Analysis reviews the latest techniques for the determination and assessment of both current and emerging organic compounds in a range of important environmental contexts. A wide range of organic compounds in non-saline waters are discussed in the opening chapters, including hydrocarbons, surface active agents and volatile organic compounds. This is followed by multiorganics, pesticides and organometallic compounds in non-saline waters. Organic compounds in aqueous precipitation are then explored before the book goes on to discuss compounds in soils, including extraction techniques, insecticides, herbicides and fungicides, and organometallic compounds. Finally, the concluding chapters focus on compounds in sediments, providing readers with the latest information in the field and supporting them as they address the important issue surrounding organic material throughout ecosystems.

The past two decades have seen an explosion in research on the synthesis of sesquiterpenes, an important class of hydrocarbons commonly found in oils, resins, and balsams. Volume Eleven in The Total Synthesis of Natural Products series continues to review this dynamic area of chemistry. It features systematic, A-to-Z coverage of sesquiterpenes synthesized between 1979-1994-a sesquidecade.
Focusing on bicyclic and tricyclic compounds in sesquiterpene synthesis, this authoritative work complements Volume Ten's coverage of acyclic and monocyclic sesquiterpenes. The authors comb through the hundreds of sesquiterpene syntheses already developed, consolidating the multitude of research papers, and providing extensive references as well as author and subject indexes. To keep the presentation manageable, they emphasize literature where natural products were prepared, leaving out natural ring systems or compounds whose structures were misassigned.
This volume presents multiple syntheses of the same compound in chronological order, making the various steps of the synthetic strategy easily accessible. In addition, it addresses one of the most important developments in sesquiterpene research, namely the increase in compound targets prepared in an optically active form. And while syntheses of racemates are not specifically marked, legends for synthesis schemes producing optically active compounds include their absolute configurations, signs of optical rotation, or both.
An important resource for organic chemists, pharmaceutical and medicinal chemists, natural prod-ucts chemists, and biochemists, The Total Synthesis of Natural Products offers valuable insight into the structure andmakeup of sesquiterpenes while serving as a practical tool for locating any of the major classes of sesquiterpene compounds.
An invaluable guide for the chemist interested in natural products.
Providing a fascinating, comprehensive look at sesquiterpene synthesis, Volume Eleven of The Total Synthesis of Natural Products reviews sesquiterpenes synthesized in the period 1979-1994, continuing the coverage begun with Volume Ten in the series (see below). This authoritative work:
* Focuses on bicyclic and tricyclic sesquiterpenes.
* Explains the structure and makeup of this important class of hydrocarbons.
* Serves as a useful, practical tool for researchers interested in locating any of the major classes of sesquiterpene compounds.
* Provides multiple syntheses of the same compound chronologically, clearly showing the evolution of the synthetic strategy.
Also available . . .THE TOTAL SYNTHESIS OF NATURAL PRODUCTS Volume Ten, Edited by David Goldsmith.
A complement to this work, Volume Ten examines compounds with acyclic and monocyclic ring structures in sesquiterpene synthesis. 1997 (0-471-59679-5) 173 pp.

Discovery and Development of Therapeutics from Natural Products against Neglected Tropical Diseases draws together research on medicinal agents from natural sources as starting points for the design of drugs against Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs). From the prediction of promising leads and identification of active agents, to the extraction of complex molecules, the book explores novel, economical and efficacious therapeutics for these diseases. It describes current research and the role of natural products, antimalarial compounds from marine natural products and sesquiterpene lactones, natural antileprotic agents, natural products with potential against Leishmaniasis, Trypanosomiasis and Dengue, and more. In addition, Quinoline and Isoquinoline alkaloids for developing new antiprotozoal agents are discussed, alongside anti-trypanosomatid heterocyclic compounds as structures for development. Combining the expertise of specialists from around the world, this volume aims to support and encourage researchers in the investigation of natural sources as starting points for the development of novel, safe and effective agents for use against neglected tropical diseases.

Modern Applications of Cycloaddition Chemistry examines this area of organic chemistry, with special attention paid to cycloadditions in synthetic and mechanistic applications in modern organic chemistry. While many books dedicated to cycloaddition reactions deal with the synthesis of heterocycles, general applications, specific applications in natural product synthesis, and the use of a class of organic compounds, this work sheds new light on pericyclic reactions by demonstrating how these valuable tools elegantly solve synthetic and mechanistic problems. The work examines how pericyclic reactions have been extensively applied to different chemistry areas, such as chemical biology, biological processes, catalyzed cycloaddition reactions, and more. This work will be useful for organic chemists who deal with organic chemistry, medicinal chemistry, agrochemistry and material chemistry.

This well-established textbook on biocatalysis provides a basis for undergraduate and graduate courses in modern organic chemistry, as well as a condensed introduction into this field. After a basic introduction into the use of biocatalysts-principles of stereoselective transformations, enzyme properties and kinetics-the different types of reactions are explained according to the 'reaction principle', such as hydrolysis, reduction, oxidation, C-C bond formation, etc. Special techniques, such as the use of enzymes in organic solvents, immobilization techniques, artificial enzymes and the design of cascade-reactions are treated in a separate section. A final chapter deals with the basic rules for the safe and practical handling of biocatalysts. The use of biocatalysts, employed either as isolated enzymes or whole microbial cells, offers a remarkable arsenal of highly selective transformations for state-of-the-art synthetic organic chemistry. Over the last two decades, this methodology has become an indispensable tool for asymmetric synthesis, not only at the academic level, but also on an industrial scale. In this 7th edition new topics have been introduced which include alcohol and amine oxidases, amine dehydrogenases, imine reductases, haloalkane dehalogenases, ATP-independent phosphorylation, Michael-additions and cascade reactions. This new edition also emphasizes the use of enzymes in industrial biotransformations with practical examples.

Applications of nanotechnology are the remarkable sizes dependent on physiochemical properties of nanomaterials that have led to the developed protocols for synthesizing nanomaterials over a range of size, shapes and chemical compositions. Nanomaterials are normally powders composed of nanoparticles which exhibit properties that are different from powders. Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale with their wide applications in energy sector, including -but not limited to- energy resources, energy conversion, energy storage, and energy usage; drug delivery systems including- safety concerns, perspective, challenges, target therapeutics for cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and other human diseases, nanomaterials based tissue engineering; and food sectors including to- food safety and quality, opportunities, challenges, nanomaterials based enhancing food packing, and determination of foodborne pathogens, agro and marine food, analysis of market, regulations and future prospects. The utilization of nanotechnology in the energy field will be emphasized and highlighted, in accordance to their prominent and high impact in this particular field. Recent trends and significant benefits of nanotechnology in the energy field will be revealed to the readers, and their promising advanced applications will be discussed. The current drug discovery paradigm constantly needs to improve, enhance efficiency and reduce time to the market on the basis of designing new drug discovery, drug delivery and pharmaceutical manufacturing. In this book will be highlighted nanotechnology based drug delivery is an important aspect of medicine, as more potent and specific drugs that are particularly discussed the understanding of disease pathways. Several biomaterials can be applied to small-molecule drugs as controlled release reservoirs for drug delivery and provide new insights into disease processes, thus understanding the mechanisms of action of drugs. Applications of food nanotechnology are an area of emerging interest for the food industry, for the reason, in this book will be given more priority to discuss the uses of nanomaterials for food packing, food safety and quality, and to remove the contaminated or spoiled by foodborne pathogens. And also nanotechnology based food products will be discussed how making them tastier, healthier, and more nutritious such as vitamins, to reduce fat content, and to ensure they do not degrade during a product's shelf life. Nanotechnology is basically the uses of nanomaterials, devices and systems through the control of matter on the nanometer scale. Multidisciplinary studies are required the technology for discovery and moving so fast from concept to the reality. Nanotechnology always not only provided more benefits in energy, drugs and food products but also provided significantly benefits around multidisciplinary field applications.

Databook of Green Solvents, Second Edition, includes data and information that is divided into five separate sections: General, Physical, Health, Environmental and Use. Readers interested in this subject should note that two other volumes on all essential areas of solvent usage have also been published. They include Handbook of Solvents. Volume One, Properties and Handbook of Solvents, Volume Two: Use, Health, and Environment. Together, these books provide the most comprehensive information on the subject matter. The books are the authoritative sources of knowledge, with information updated from the most recent literature and developments occurring in the field of solvents.

Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality presents a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the chemistry and functionality of lipid bioactive phytochemicals found in fruit oils. The chapters in this text examine the composition, physicochemical characteristics and organoleptic attributes of each of the major fruit oils. The nutritional quality, oxidative stability, and potential food and non-foodapplications of these oils are also extensively covered. The potential health benefits of the bioactive lipids found in these fruit oils are also a focus of this text. For each oil presented, the levels of omega-9, omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids are specified, indicating the level of health-promoting traits exhibited in each. The oils and fats extracted from fruits generally differ from one another both in terms of their major and minor bioactive constituents. The methods used to extract oils and fats as well as the processing techniques such as refining, bleaching and deodorization affect their major and minor constituents. In addition, different post-processing treatments of fruit oils and fats may alert or degrade important bioactive constituents. Treatments such as heating, frying, cooking and storage and major constituents such as sterols and tocols are extensively covered in this text. Although there have been reference works published on the composition and biological properties of lipids from oilseeds, there is currently no book focused on the composition and functionality of fruit oils. Fruit Oils: Chemistry and Functionality aims to fill this gap for researchers, presenting a detailed overview of the chemical makeup and functionality of all the important fruit oils.

Third Generation EGFR Inhibitors: Overcoming EGFR Resistance and Toxicity Problems reviews current issues relating to the design of reversible and irreversible third generation EGFR inhibitors, highlighting the types of mutation responsible for resistance, and providing different chemical starting points for researchers to optimize and develop in designing the next generation of drugs. Beginning with an introduction to EGFR inhibitors and a review of inhibitors currently approved or in clinical trials, the book goes on to discuss current approaches in the development of both covalent irreversible and covalent reversible EGFR Inhibitors. In addition, mechanisms of resistance to third generation inhibitors, and discovery of fourth generation allosteric C797S inhibitors are explored before a discussion of potential future trends. This comprehensive coverage of the design and development of improved analogues to overcome the problems of resistance and toxicity associated with third generation EGFR inhibitors makes Third Generation EGFR Inhibitors a crucial resource for medicinal chemists, drug developers, and researchers investigating cancer therapeutics.

The Alkaloids, Volume 82 is the newest release in a series that has covered the topic for more than 60 years. As the esteemed, leading reference in the field of alkaloid chemistry, this series covers all aspects of alkaloids, including their chemistry, biology and pharmacology. Sections are presented as high-quality, timeless reviews written by renowned experts in the field, with this new release focusing on Recent Progress in the Chemistry of Pandanus Alkaloids, Alkaloids - Derivatives and Applications, Alkaloids of the Lauraceae, and more.

Studies in Natural Products Chemistry, Volume 62 discusses natural products in the plant and animal kingdom that offer a huge diversity of chemical structures resulting from biosynthetic processes that have been modulated over the millennia through genetic effects. With the rapid developments in spectroscopic techniques and accompanying advances in high-throughput screening techniques, it has become possible to rapidly isolate and determine the structures and biological activity of natural products, thus opening up exciting opportunities in the field of new drug development to the pharmaceutical industry. This series covers the synthesis or testing and recording of the medicinal properties of natural products, providing cutting-edge accounts of the fascinating developments in the isolation, structure elucidation, synthesis, biosynthesis and pharmacology of a diverse array of bioactive natural products.

Isocoumarin, Thiaisocoumarin and Phosphaisocoumarin: Natural Occurrences, Synthetic Approaches and Pharmaceutical Applications gives an overview of the various aspects of this class of heterocycle, with a major focus on synthesis and biological activity. Aromatic d lactones or isocoumarins with thiaisocoumarins, phosphaisocoumarins and a-pyranone fused with a heteroaryl ring constitute an important class of heterocyclic compounds. This book provides the methods applied for the synthesis of thiaisocoumarins, phosphaisocoumarins, and a-pyranone fused with a heteroaryl ring. It is useful to medicinal and natural product chemists who want to synthesize target molecules and develop cutting-edge technologies to provide better solutions to researchers.