Exploring behaviour through bones has always been a fascinating topic to those that study human remains. Human bodies record and store vast amounts of information about the way we move, where we live, and our experiences of health and socioeconomic circumstances. We see it every day, and experience it, but when it comes to past populations, understanding behaviour is largely mediated by our ability to read it in bones. Behaviour in Our Bones: How Human Behaviour Influences Skeletal Morphology examines how human physical and cultural actions and interactions can be read through careful analyses of skeletal human remains. This book synthesises the latest research on reconstructing behaviour in the past. Each chapter is dedicated to a specific region of the human body, guiding the reader from head to toe and highlighting how evidence found on the skull, shoulder, thorax, spine, pelvis, and the upper and lower limbs has been used to infer patterns of activity and other behaviour. Chapter authors expertly summarise and critically discuss a range of methodological, theoretical, and interpretive approaches used to read skeletal remains and interpret a wide variety of behaviours, including tool use, locomotion, reproduction, health, pathology, and beyond.

The interferometer is a versatile instrument which has played a central role in many developments in physics. Its uses include measurements of fine and hyperfine structure in atomic spectra, precision measurements of the velocity of light, studies of isotope shift and nuclear structure. It has contributed to recent work in remote sensing, optical bistability, plasma physics, atomic physics, light scattering spectroscopy and astrophysics.

This book is designed as a textbook for graduate students and as a resource for researchers seeking a thorough mathematical treatment of its subject. It develops the main results of regression and the analysis of variance, as well as the central results on confounded and fractional factorial experiments. Matrix theory is deemphasized; its role is taken instead by the theory of linear transformations between vector spaces.The text gives a carefully paced and unified presentation of two topics, linear models and experimental design. Students are assumed to have a solid background in linear algebra, basic knowledge of regression and analysis of variance, and some exposure to experimental design, and should be comfortable with reading and constructing mathematical proofs. The book leads students into the mathematical theory, including many examples both for motivation and for illustration. Over 130 exercises of varying difficulty are included. An extensive mathematical appendix and a detailed index make the text especially accessible. Linear Models and Design can serve as a textbook for a year-long course in the topics covered, or for a one-semester course in either linear model theory or experimental design. It prepares students for more advanced topics in the field, and assists in developing a thoughtful approach to the existing literature. It includes a guide to terminology as well as discussion of the history and development of ideas, and offers a fresh perspective on the fundamental concepts and results of the subject.

Sustainable and Circular Management of Resources and Waste Towards a Green Deal highlights the importance of resource recovery, phosphorus management, climate action, clean energy transition, and a circular economy. The world is facing significant challenges, including climate disruption, environmental changes, pollution, and population explosion. Sustainable management of finite natural resources within the carrying capacity of the bio-geo-hydrosphere is the crux of transforming the global economy for a sustainable future. Moreover, keeping raw materials in circulation as long as possible and minimizing the amount of waste generated has grown in significance as a part of transitioning to a circular economy (CE) model.

This volume focuses on the physical methods to probe the coordination sphere of metal ions in biological systems, which are based on para-magnetic species, namely, the electron nuclear double resonance (ENDOR), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and electron spin echo (ESE) techniques.

The first half of the book is aimed at quantitative research workers in biology, medicine, ecology and genetics. The book as a whole is aimed at graduate students in statistics, biostatistics, and other quantitative disciplines. Ten detailed examples show how the author approaches real-world statistical problems in a principled way that allows for adequate compromise and flexibility. The need to accommodate correlations associated with space, time and other relationships is a recurring theme, so variance-components models feature prominently. Statistical pitfalls are illustrated via examples taken from the recent scientific literature. Chapter 11 sets the scene, not just for the second half of the book, but for the book as a whole. It begins by defining fundamental concepts such as baseline, observational unit, experimental unit, covariates and relationships, randomization, treatment assignment, and the role that these play in model formulation. Compatibility of the model with the randomization scheme is crucial. The effect of treatment is invariably modelled as a group action on probability distributions. Technical matters connected with space-time covariance functions, residual likelihood, likelihood ratios, and transformations are discussed in later chapters.

In the l~nited States and in Europe~ there has been an increasing interest in the relationship between individual behavior and disease. The American National Academy of Sciences (Hamberg, Elliott, and Parron, 1982)' through its Institutes of Medicine, has estimated that as many as 50 percent of chronic disease cases can be traced to individual behaviors such as smoking, diet, exercise, etc. Similar conclusions have been reached by a variety of European investigators and institutes. The World Health Organization has also expressed considerable interest in individual behavior in relation to the development of chronic disease. Thus, throughout the NATO countries there has been increased awareness of the relationship between behavior and disease. However, communication among investigators in different countries has been rather limited. Further, many different scientific disciplines including psychology, sociology, medicine, microbiology, statistics, and epidemiology have all developed new and different literatures in this field. One purpose of this book is to bring together contributions from scientists in each of these fields. Much of the variance in individual health behavior occurs across countries rather than within countries. Thus, we can learn much from comparing behavior-disease relationships across countries. To date, there have been few studies which have had an adequate international basis for these comparisons. Interest in behavioral epidemiology is a relatively recent phenomena. Thus, many scientists are entering the field without uniform background, experience, or training. This book discusses approaches common in a variety of NATO countries.

Good and effective treatment in radiotherapy requires careful consideration of the complex variables involved as well as critical assessment of the techniques. This new edition of an established classic takes into account advances in imaging and treatment delivery and reflects the current state of the art in the practice of radiotherapy, emphasizing the underlying principles of treatment that can be applied for conventional, conformal, and novel treatments.

The perfect remedy for our culture of fake news, bad science, and propaganda. We have more scientific information at our fingertips today than ever before. And more disinformation too. Online, on television, and in print, science is often communicated through shorthand analogies and phrases that obscure or omit important facts. "Superfoods," "right- and left-brained" people, and "global warming" may be snappy and ear-catching but are they backed by scientific facts? Lifelong educator R. Philip Bouchard is a stickler for this kind of thing, and he is well-prepared to set the record straight. The Stickler's Guide to Science in the Age of Misinformation unpacks the many misuses of terms we see used every day, revealing how these popular "scientific" concepts fall short of real science. Find out why trees do not "store" carbon dioxide; a day is not actually 24 hours; DNA cannot provide a "blueprint" for a human being; and an absence of gravity is not the reason that astronauts float in space.

This detailed volume explores techniques for researching brown adipose tissue (BAT) and the fascinating biology and therapeutic potential of thermogenic adipocytes. The content reflects the advancing technologies in genetics, imaging, and 'omics strategies that are allowing researchers to probe BAT biology at unprecedented depths and detail, yet it also presents classic physiology principles, which remain the core tenets of BAT biology. Written for the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and practical, Brown Adipose Tissue: Methods and Protocols provides perspectives and detailed protocols for the benefit of both new BAT researchers looking for guidance as well as seasoned researchers who would like to expand their toolkits. Chapter 12 is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Visualization Techniques for Climate Change with Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence covers computer-aided artificial intelligence and machine learning technologies as related to the impacts of climate change and its potential to prevent/remediate the effects. As such, different types of algorithms, mathematical relations and software models may help us to understand our current reality, predict future weather events and create new products and services to minimize human impact, chances of improving and saving lives and creating a healthier world. This book covers different types of tools for the prediction of climate change and alternative systems which can reduce the levels of threats observed by climate change scientists. Moreover, the book will help to achieve at least one of 17 sustainable development goals i.e., climate action.

Epidemiologic Methods: The Essentials is a concise, but thorough volume that provides a solid grounding in core methodologic issues. The book takes a streamlined approached on cohort studies, case-control studies, prevalence studies, randomized trials, demographic studies of morbidity and mortality, ecologic studies, screening, effect modification, bias and confounding. Organized according to study design, with each chapter building on those preceding it, the book provides detailed examples throughout, using data tables and graphs to reinforce methodologic points.

Healthcare Systems Design of Intelligent Testing Centers: Latest Technologies to Battle Pandemics such as Covid-19 highlights the importance of designing intelligent testing centers requiring no human intervention during sample collection and testing of the Covid-19 virus and all similar viruses. This book introduces the background, medical requirements, and new research on medical robotics applications, including general Covid-19 testing techniques, development considerations for intelligent testing booths, kinematic and dynamic modeling, design specifications and optimization, numerical verifications, actuators, and sensors in medical applications of artificial intelligence and robotics systems.

This book gives an overview of applications of Machine Learning (ML) in diverse fields of biological sciences, including healthcare, animal sciences, agriculture, and plant sciences. Machine learning has major applications in process modelling, computer vision, signal processing, speech recognition, and language understanding and processing and life, and health sciences. It is increasingly used in understanding DNA patterns and in precision medicine. This book is divided into eight major sections, each containing chapters that describe the application of ML in a certain field. The book begins by giving an introduction to ML and the various ML methods. It then covers interesting and timely aspects such as applications in genetics, cell biology, the study of plant-pathogen interactions, and animal behavior. The book discusses computational methods for toxicity prediction of environmental chemicals and drugs, which forms a major domain of research in the field of biology. It is of relevance to post-graduate students and researchers interested in exploring the interdisciplinary areas of use of machine learning and deep learning in life sciences.

Proceedings of The 2009 International Conference on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology in Las Vegas, NV, July 13-16, 2009. Recent advances in Computational Biology are covered through a variety of topics. Both inward research (core areas of computational biology and computer science) and outward research (multi-disciplinary, Inter-disciplinary, and applications) will be covered during the conferences. These include: Gene regulation, Gene expression databases, Gene pattern discovery and identification, Genetic network modeling and inference, Gene expression analysis, RNA and DNA structure and sequencing, Biomedical engineering, Microarrays, Molecular sequence and structure databases, Molecular dynamics and simulation, Molecular sequence classification, alignment and assembly, Image processing In medicine and biological sciences, Sequence analysis and alignment, Informatics and Statistics in Biopharmaceutical Research, Software tools for computational biology and bioinformatics, Comparative genomics; and more.

Volume Two advances the exploration of the fundamental principles of oxidative stress and toxicity on male (and female) reproduction. It includes the advances in research on male reproductive health, the impact of environmental factors, the protective measures using bioactive compounds and traditional medicines, and how to limit toxic exposure. It includes coverage of: Oxidative stress and male infertility Environmental stressors and sexual health Heavy metals, pesticides, fine particle toxicity and male reproduction Protective measures against oxidative stress in gametes/embryos by using bioactive compounds/phytomedicines in Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) Role of reactive oxygen species on female reproduction Radiation and mutagenic factors affecting the male reproductive system Both volumes provide a comprehensive look at the most basic concepts and advanced research being conducted by world famous scientists and researchers in male infertility and reproduction.

"Bioinformatics of Human Proteomics" discusses the development of methods, techniques and applications in the field of protein bioinformatics, an important direction in bioinformatics. It collects contributions from expert researchers in order to provide a practical guide to this complex field of study. The book covers the protein interaction network, drug discovery and development, the relationship between translational medicine and bioinformatics, and advances in proteomic methods, while also demonstrating important bioinformatics tools and methods available today for protein analysis, interpretation and predication. It is intended for experts or senior researchers in the fields of clinical research-related biostatistics, bioinformatics, computational biology, medicine, statistics, system biology, molecular diagnostics, biomarkers, or drug discovery and development. Dr.Xiangdong Wang works as a distinguished professor of Respiratory Medicine at Fudan University, Shanghai, China. He serves as Director of Biomedical Research Center, Fudan University Zhongshan Hospital and adjunct professor of Clinical Bioinformatics at Lund University, Sweden. His main research is focused on the role of clinical bioinformatics in the development of disease-specific biomarkers and dynamic network biomarkers, the molecular mechanism of organ dysfunction and potential therapies.

This book primarily aims to discuss emerging topics in statistical methods and to booster research, education, and training to advance statistical modeling on interval-censored survival data. Commonly collected from public health and biomedical research, among other sources, interval-censored survival data can easily be mistaken for typical right-censored survival data, which can result in erroneous statistical inference due to the complexity of this type of data. The book invites a group of internationally leading researchers to systematically discuss and explore the historical development of the associated methods and their computational implementations, as well as emerging topics related to interval-censored data. It covers a variety of topics, including univariate interval-censored data, multivariate interval-censored data, clustered interval-censored data, competing risk interval-censored data, data with interval-censored covariates, interval-censored data from electric medical records, and misclassified interval-censored data. Researchers, students, and practitioners can directly make use of the state-of-the-art methods covered in the book to tackle their problems in research, education, training and consultation.

Most photovoltaic (PV) installations utilise heavy conventional glass or polycarbonate panels, and even newly developed thin plastic or metal films for PV cell use may fracture during both construction and application. Textile fabrics, the most widespread flexible materials in everyday use, offer a solution to the need for lightweight, flexible solar PV generators. Solar Textiles: The Flexible Solution for Solar Power is about the incorporation and operation of solar cells on textile fabrics. The combination of textile manufacturing and solar PV cell technology opens up further avenues for both the textile and semiconductor industries. Thus, this book reflects the progressively increasing commercial interest in PV cell technology and the versatility that their integration in textiles provides. Discusses textiles as electrical substrates Explains the photovoltaic effect and associated parameters Offers special consideration of solar cells on textiles Compares fibres and fabrics and how to implement PV activity on a textile Describes manufacturing methods outside of semiconductor technology Includes applications open only to textiles This work is aimed at textile technologists, electronic engineers, solar technologists, civil engineers and designers in building fabrics and architecture.

Obesity Epidemic and the Environment: Latin America and the Caribbean Region provides a broad analysis of the macroeconomic impact of the obesity epidemic on environmental degradation in the LAC region. Case studies combine theory and practice to achieve critical conclusions (and subsequent policy implications), providing useful tools for those working on actual health, energy and environmental challenges. Written for researchers, policymakers, international organizations and practitioners in various fields, especially those in public health, health economics, energy and environmental economics and social sciences, this book thoroughly highlights the obesity epidemic in this region. In the LAC region, obesity has become a public health issue. The increase of this problem is related to the economic gains obtained from the process of liberalization and privatization, the increase of foreign investment, and infrastructure investments.

The novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) has caused a serious global pandemic in just one year. Nearly every country and territory in the world has been affected by the virus. The virulence and infection rate of the virus are profound, and has required extreme social distancing measures across the globe in order to prevent overwhelming the healthcare services and hospitals. COVID-19 appears to have the greatest effects on elderly individuals and those who have co-morbid diseases, such as diabetes and obesity. As the cases and death rate remain high, there are justified fears of this virus remaining for several months or years to come. To address this, a rapid and unprecedented worldwide mobilization effort has begun to identify effective treatments and develop vaccines. As these begin to be deployed and administered across the globe, many now feel the virus will be brought under control and lives will eventually return to normal. This new volume will increase readers' understanding of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic through a series of chapters that address these concerns. Leading experts will discuss new treatment approaches, vaccine development, mental health aspects of the pandemic, and convey the results of survey studies. The book will be an excellent resource for researchers studying virology, metabolic diseases, respiratory disorders, and clinical scientists, physicians, drug companies, and healthcare services and workers.

Now in its second edition, this textbook provides an introduction to Python and its use for statistical data analysis. It covers common statistical tests for continuous, discrete and categorical data, as well as linear regression analysis and topics from survival analysis and Bayesian statistics. For this new edition, the introductory chapters on Python, data input and visualization have been reworked and updated. The chapter on experimental design has been expanded, and programs for the determination of confidence intervals commonly used in quality control have been introduced. The book also features a new chapter on finding patterns in data, including time series. A new appendix describes useful programming tools, such as testing tools, code repositories, and GUIs. The provided working code for Python solutions, together with easy-to-follow examples, will reinforce the reader's immediate understanding of the topic. Accompanying data sets and Python programs are also available online. With recent advances in the Python ecosystem, Python has become a popular language for scientific computing, offering a powerful environment for statistical data analysis. With examples drawn mainly from the life and medical sciences, this book is intended primarily for masters and PhD students. As it provides the required statistics background, the book can also be used by anyone who wants to perform a statistical data analysis.

Detection canines have been utilized throughout the world for over a century, and while numerous attempts have been made to replicate the canine's ability to detect substances by mechanical means, none has been as successful. The olfactory system is a highly intricate and sophisticated design for chemical sensing, and the olfactory capacity of many animals, including canines, is considered unmatched by machine due to not only their great sensitivity and superior selectivity but also their trainability and mobility. These unique features have led to the use of such animals as "whole-animal" biosensors. Amplifying the benefits and diminishing the limitations of detection canines' interdisciplinary research is crucial to understanding canine olfaction and detection and enhancing this powerful and complex detector. The past 50 years have produced vast advancements in animal behavior/training technology to develop canines into more proficient and reliable sensors, while scientific research has provided tremendous support to help practitioners better understand how to utilize this powerful sensor. This book assembles a diverse group of authors with expertise in a variety of fields relating to detection canines and the chemical sensing industry, including both research and operational perspectives on detection canines. It illustrates how science enhances our understanding of how canines are employed for solving some of the world's leading detection challenges.

This book is a collection of full papers based on the peer-reviewed submissions accepted for the ERIDOB 2020 conference (which was cancelled due to COVID-19). ERIDOB brings together researchers in Biology Education from around the world to share and discuss their research work and results. It is the only major international conference on biology education research, and all the papers therefore are written by international researchers from across Europe (and beyond), which present the findings from a range of contemporary biology education research projects. They are all entirely new papers describing new research in the field. The papers are peer-reviewed by experienced international researchers selected by the ERIDOB Academic Committee. The papers reflect the ERIDOB conference strands by covering topics on: Socioscientific issues, Nature of Science and scientific thinking Teaching and learning in biology Perceptions of biology and biology education Textbook analysis Outdoor and environmental education By providing a collection of new research findings from many countries, this book is a great resource for researchers and practitioners such as school, college and university biology teachers' around the world. It is useful for training biology teachers and therefore valuable to teacher training institutions.

This edited collection brings together internationally recognized experts in a range of areas of statistical science to honor the contributions of the distinguished statistician, Barry C. Arnold. A pioneering scholar and professor of statistics at the University of California, Riverside, Dr. Arnold has made exceptional advancements in different areas of probability, statistics, and biostatistics, especially in the areas of distribution theory, order statistics, and statistical inference. As a tribute to his work, this book presents novel developments in the field, as well as practical applications and potential future directions in research and industry. It will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in probability, statistics, and biostatistics, as well as practitioners and technicians in the social sciences, economics, engineering, and medical sciences.