Covers materials, chemistry, and technologies for nanowires. Covers the state-of-the-art progress and challenges in nanowires. Provides fundamentals of the electrochemical behavior of various electrochemical devices and sensors. Offers insights on tuning the properties of nanowires for many emerging applications. Provides new direction and understanding to scientists, researchers, and students.

Provides comprehensive review, process and application of Elastane Fibres Covers detailed information about manufacturing and testing methods Reviews technical aspects of elastane in sportswear and healthcare Discusses evaluation process for the fabric performance Includes production methods of woven and knitted fabrics using elastane along with ecological considerations

Provides theories and principles of ironmaking and a novel ironmaking technology. Includes laboratory experiments to establish the kinetic feasibility of flash ironmaking. Covers the design and operation of a prototype flash reactor as well as the design of industrial-size flash ironmaking reactors. Describes various cases of flow sheet development, which forms the basis for process analysis and simulation Presents economic analysis case studies.

The book is a comprehensive introduction to the work of the Estonian-German biologist Jakob von Uexkull. After a first introductory chapter by Morten Tonnessen and a second chapter on Uexkull's life and philosophical background, it contains four chapters devoted to the analysis of his main works. They are followed by a vast eighth chapter which deals with the influence Uexkull had on other philosophers and scientists. Finally, the author discloses his conclusions, focused on the possibility of updating Uexkull's work. As far as the key issue is concerned, the Uexkullian Umwelt is the perceptive and operative world which surrounds animal species; it is a subjective species-specific construction which provides living organisms with great security and behaviour stability. The relationship that the animal carries out with its environment is a complex system of semiotic interactions: its behaviour is not a set of mechanical reactions, but a spontaneous attribution of meaning to the outside world.

Advances in Virus Research volume 97, the latest in the series first published in 1953, covers a diverse range of in-depth reviews, providing a valuable overview of the current field of virology.

Recent technological advancements in green nanotechnology have opened a brand-new avenue for research and development in the field of medicinal plant-mediated nanoparticles, biopolymers, biotechnology, and antimicrobial and biomedical research. This new volume explores several eco-friendly technologies in green materials synthesis, which are of considerable importance. It takes an inter- and cross-multidisciplinary approach to the green chemistry of nanoengineering and green nanotechnology application in materials research. It provides informative coverage of this exciting and dynamic new field as well as relates the fundamentals of soft-nanomaterials fabrication and spectroscopic integration. The book explores bio-inspired self-assembly green nanomaterials for multifunctional applications as well as the design and synthesis of green polymeric nanomaterials for several pharmaceutical and biomedical applications, including biosensors, drug delivery, antimicrobial applications, etc. Also discussed is the fabrication of green polymer nanocomposites from waste and natural fibers, such as chitin fiber, chitin whisker fiber, cellulose fiber, nanocellulose fiber, eggshells, and cotton waste.

Is the first to present the historic background and numerous case studies on Moebius topology in mathematics, astronomy, chemistry, molecular medicine, physics and nanomaterials, literature, arts, and architecture Covers research on Moebius strip topology-controlled nanodevices for use in chemistry, biology, physics, and material sciences, including aspects from modern computer simulations for molecular design and engineering Highlights case studies on Moebius topology from the 18th-19th century up to the present years, taking examples from Europe, America, Australia, and Asia Reports on how drug-delivery techniques can be revolutionized through the development of topologically protected ring-shaped nanoproteins, such as Moebius-type cyclotides; the structural stability of such bioengineered nanodevices allows for better drug transport across the blood-brain barrier Reports on the spectacular modern architecture of buildings and bridges inspired by Moebius strip topology in Berlin, Amsterdam, Beijing, and Changsha Is richly illustrated with excellent figures to accompany each chapter and section Is authored by internationally renowned researchers in the field of magnetic resonance spectroscopy on complex (bio)chemical systems

Manipulation of matter at the nanoscale level is the key factor in nanotechnology, and it is considered as a great driving force behind the current industrial revolution since it offers facile and feasible remedies for many problems. Because of the unique characteristic properties of nanomaterials, they can be employed in a wide variety of fields such as agriculture and food technology, catalysis, biomedical applications, tissue culture engineering and fertilizers, etc. In this regard, characterization of nanomaterials plays a significant role in determining their optical, thermal, and physicochemical properties. Many techniques have been used in nanomaterial characterization and the most important techniques are discussed in detail in this book with its principles, basic operation procedures and applications with suitable examples. In summary, this book offers a broad content on the most important chemical and structural characterization techniques of nanomaterials. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Provides a comprehensive understanding about physical and chemical characterization techniques of nanomaterials Includes details about basic principles of each characterization technique with appropriate examples Covers most of the important characterization techniques that need to know under the level of undergraduate/early career scientists/beginners in materials chemistry Provides all the basic knowledge to understand and carry out the respective analysis of nanomaterials Fulfills the timely need of a book that covers the most important and useful characterization techniques in nanomaterial characterization Up to date, there are no other books/book chapters which discuss most of these nanocharacterization techniques in one segment with all the basic instrumentation details and narrated examples of nanomaterial characterization. In a nutshell, this book will be a great asset to undergraduates/early career scientists/beginners of material science since it provides a comprehensive and complete understanding about most of the techniques nanocharacterization tools in a short time. Intended audience is based on science education while specifically focusing on undergraduates/graduate students/early scientists and beginners of chemistry, materials chemistry and nanotechnology and nanoscience.

Combines catalysis and sensor applications of nanomaterials including detailed synthesis techniques of these materials Explores methods of designing, engineering, and fabricating nanomaterials Covers material efficiency, their detection limit for sensing different analytes and other properties of the materials Discusses sustainability of nano materials in the industrial sector Includes case studies to address the challenges faced by research and development sectors

This book covers various aspects of cancer chemoprevention, including an overview of chemoprevention in the process of tumorigenesis; the roles of various phytochemicals, functional foods, and dietary interventions in disease prevention; and techniques such as cancer stem cell targeting, nano-formulations, and so forth. The nutrigenomic and epigenetic effects of natural products at the molecular and genetic levels are also covered alongside their potential for additive and synergistic effect, as well as overcoming drug resistance. The key selling features of the book are as follows: Discusses holistic and comprehensive areas of chemoprevention Includes diverse techniques, such as cancer stem cell targeting, nano-formulations, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems Introduces various mechanisms involved in prevention of the diseases, including targeting cancer stem cells Reviews various aspects which can reduce the toxicity and cost of treatment of diseases by alternative medicine Explores various sources, mechanisms, and ways to develop cancer chemopreventive agents with minimal toxicity compared to traditional cancer therapy drugs This book is focused on researchers and graduate students in drug delivery and formulation, nanobiotechnology, cancer chemoprevention, prevention, and therapeutics.

Features Surveys of the systems approach to analysing and understanding multifaceted, complex problems in astrobiology, written by two scientists who also have engineering backgrounds. Systems applications to areas important to astrobiology, such as chemical evolution, prebiotic chemistry, geochemical/geophysical settings conducive to emergence of life, robotic space exploration, and much more. Wide appeal for all readers interested in the origin and occurrence of life in our Solar System and beyond.

Features Introduces the physics of accelerators, lasers, and plasma in tandem with the industrial methodology of inventiveness. Outlines a path from idea to practical implementation of scientific and technological innovation. Contains more than 380 illustrations and numerous end-of-chapter exercises.

Fish Diseases: Prevention and Control Strategies provides essential information on disease prevention and treatment by the most experienced fish culturists in the industry. The book presents both traditional and novel methodologies of identifying and addressing fish disease risk, along with preventative and responsive insights to the challenges impacting fish production today. Both specific (vaccination) and non-specific (immunostimulation) approaches are explored, from maintaining optimal environmental conditions, to understanding how stressors in fish affect their immune system.

This volume provides basic and cutting-edge methods and protocols to study the major characteristics of eukaryotic cells. Chapters detail the different pathways of endocytosis in vivo, real time imaging of endocytic steps, endocytosis in model organisms, super-resolution methods to follow proteins involved in exocytosis, specific protocols for exocytosis in specialized cells such as neutrophils or neuroendocrine cells, as well as secretion of exosomes. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Cutting-edge and clearly written, Exocytosis and Endocytosis: Methods and Protocols is a valuable resource for researchers in the fields of cell biology, neurology, immunology, oncology, and those interested in studying protein trafficking and signal regulation.

1) Presents a new type of S-N equation 2) Discusses empirical fracture equations of mixed mode crack 3) Applies the Wohler Curve Methods for a Low/Medium/High cycle fatigue in metallic materials 4) Enables the reader to analyse failure and fracture in metallic materials

This book comprehensively reviews recent and emerging applications of carbon nanotubes and graphene materials in a wide range of sectors. Detailed applications include structural materials, ballistic materials, energy storage and conversion, batteries, supercapacitors, smart sensors, environmental protection, nanoelectronics, optoelectronic and photovoltaics, thermoelectric, and conducting wires. It further covers human and structural health monitoring, and thermal management applications. Key selling features: Exclusively takes an application-oriented approach to cover emerging areas in carbon nanotubes and graphene Covers fundamental and applied knowledge related to carbon nanomaterials Includes advanced applications like human and structural health monitoring, smart sensors, ballistic protection and so forth Discusses novel applications such as thermoelectrics along with environmental protection related application Explores aspects of energy storage, generation and conversion including batteries, supercapacitors, and photovoltaics This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in electrical, nanomaterials, chemistry, and other related areas.

The first training manual for new staff working in BSL3/4 labs. This guide is based on a course developed in 2007 by the EU COST action group 28b which serves as a standard for many courses BSL3/4 training courses worldwide. The four-day course consists of lectures and practical training with the lecturers covering all the different possibilities of organising a BSL-3/4 lab including the adaptation to the local requirements of biosafety, safety at work, and social regulations. This book covers bio-containment, hazard criteria and categorisation of microbes, technical specifications of BSL-3 laboratories and ABSL-3 laboratories, personal protective gear, shipping BSL-3 and BSL-4 organisms according to UN and IATA regulations, efficacy of inactivation procedures, fumigation, learning from a history of lab accidents, handling samples that arrive for diagnostic testing and bridging the gap between the requirements of bio-containment and diagnostics. Course participants can not only use the book for their actual training event but it will remain a useful reference throughout their career in BSL3/4 labs.

Biochemistry of Collagens, Laminins, and Elastin: Structure, Function, and Biomarkers provides a comprehensive introduction to collagen and structural proteins. Type I collagen is one of the most abundant molecules in the body, playing essential roles in different tissues, particularly bone and skin. A key aspect of type I collagen is its post-translational modifications which are essential for correct synthesis and structural integrity of collagens, for tissue-specific functionality, as well as for application as biomarkers of different pathologies. This volume summarizes current data on key structural proteins (collagens, laminins and elastin), reviews how these molecules affect pathologies, and describes selected modifications of proteins that result in altered signaling properties of the original extracellular matrix component. Further, it discusses the novel concept that an increasing number of components of the ECM harbor cryptic signaling functions that may be viewed as endocrine functions. Additionally, it highlights how this knowledge can be exploited to modulate fibrotic disease.

Carbon Nanotubes for a Green Environment: Balancing the Risks and Rewards describes the synthesis, characterization, and unique applications of undoped/doped carbon nanotubes as well as hybrids of them with grapheme or nanocomposites, focusing on green aspects of carbon nanotube applications. The volume shows new approaches used for tapping the potential and promise of key materials in isolation or combined with other materials. The research-oriented chapters highlight a spectrum of applications of carbon nanotubes as novel materials for energy storage as well as for environmental remediation, wastewater treatment, green health care products, and more. Chapters explore the use of carbon nanotubes for remediation methods for wastewater treatment such as by using graphene oxide-carbon nanotube composites and by applying undoped and doped carbon nanotubes for removing contaminates. The book also looks at the application of carbon nanotubes for enhanced oil recovery and for heavy metal separation. Other chapters look at the rheological behavior of carbon nanotubes-based materials and their role in processing for various products, the thermal and electrical transport in carbon nanotubes composites, carbon nanotubes-based composite materials for electromagnetic shielding applications. The biomedical applications of carbon nanotube-based nanomaterials also explored, such as FTIR spectroscopy.

Key features: Organizes a difficult subject into short and clearly written sections. Can be used alongside any introductory physics textbook. Presents clear examples for every problem type discussed in the textbook.

* Covers the state-of-the-art progress in one-dimensional nanomaterials polymeric materials * Presents synthesis, characterization, and applications of one-dimensional polymeric nanocomposites for energy production, storage, flexible electronics, sensors, and biomedical applications * Provides fundamentals of electrochemical behavior and their understanding of energy devices such as fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, solar cells, etc. * Provides new directions to scientists, researchers, and students to better understand the chemistry, technologies, and applications of one-dimensional polymeric nanocomposites

Presents comprehensive information on nanocarbon synthesis and properties and some specific applications Covers growth of carbon nanoparticles, nanotubes, ribbons, graphene, graphene derivatives, porous /spongy phases, graphite, and 3D carbon fabrics Documents large variety of characterizations and evaluation on nature of growth causing effect onto structure-properties Contains dedicated chapters on miniaturized, flat, and 2D devices Discusses variety of applications from military to public domain including prevalent topics related to carbon

Carbon forms a variety of allotropes due to the diverse hybridization of s- and p-electron orbitals, including the time-honored graphite and diamond as well as new forms such as C60 fullerene, nanotubes, graphene, and carbyne. The new family of carbon isotopes-fullerene, nanotubes, graphene, and carbyne-is called "nanostructured carbon" or "nanocarbon." These isotopes exhibit extreme properties such as ultrahigh mechanical strength, ultrahigh charge-carrier mobility, and high thermal conductivity, attracting considerable attention for their electronic and mechanical applications as well as for exploring new physics and chemistry in the field of basic materials science. Electron sources are important in a wide range of areas, from basic physics and scientific instruments to medical and industrial applications. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and graphene behave as excellent electron-field emitters owing to their exceptional properties and offer several benefits compared to traditional cathodes. Field emission (FE) produces very intense electron currents from a small surface area with a narrow energy spread, providing a highly coherent electron beam-a combination that not only provides us with the brightest electron sources but also explores a new field of electron beam-related research. This book presents the enthusiastic research and development of CNT-based FE devices and focuses on the fundamental aspects of FE from nanocarbon materials, including CNTs and graphene, and the latest research findings related to it. It discusses applications of FE to X-ray and UV generation and reviews electron sources in vacuum electronic devices and space thrusters. Finally, it reports on the new forms of carbon produced via FE from CNT.

Presents the state of the art in conductive composite materials and their application in flexible strain sensors Uniquely combines the processing, structure, properties, and applications of conductive polymer composites Integrates theory and practice Benefits plastics converters who wish to take full advantage of the potential of conductive plastic materials

Introduces fundamentals of nanomaterials from renewable resources, including processing and characterization Covers nanomaterials for applications in food and packaging, including nanocellulose, lignin- and chitosan-based nanomaterials, and nanostarch Discusses applications in energy conservation, such as supercapacitors, electrolyte membranes, energy storage devices, and insulation Describes environmental uses such as water remediation and purification and oil spill clean-ups Highlights advantages and challenges in commercialization of green nanoparticle-based materials