This book describes the basic physical principles of techniques to generate and ultrashort pulse lasers and applications to ultrafast spectroscopy of various materials covering chemical molecular compounds, solid-state materials, exotic novel materials including topological materials, biological molecules and bio- and synthetic polymers. It introduces non-linear optics which provides the basics of generation and measurement of pulses and application examples of ultrafast spectroscopy to solid state physics. Also it provide not only material properties but also material processing procedures. The book describes also details of the world shortest visible laser and DUV lasers developed by the author's group. It is composed of the following 12 Sections: The special features of this book is that it is written by a single author with a few collaborators in a systematic way. Hence it provides a comprehensive and systematic description of the research field of ultrashort pulse lasers and ultrafast spectroscopy. Generation of ultrashort pulses in deep ultraviolet to near infrared Generation of ultrashort pulses in terahertz Carrier envelope phase (CEP) Simple NLO processes with a few colors Multi-color involved NLO processes Multi-color ultrashort pulse generation NLO materials NLO processes in time-resolved spectroscopy Low dimension materials Conductors and superconductors Chemical reactions and material processing Photobiological reactions

Successful completion of postgraduate studies, especially PhD, and career advancement in academia strongly depend on the ability to publish scientific papers or books and attract research grants. However, many chemical scientists find preparing scientific papers and research grant and book proposals difficult; partly because of insufficient training in writing and partly because there are few practical books to enable them to learn the art. This step-by-step practical guide is intended mainly for postgraduate students and early career researchers in chemical science and the libraries that serve them but will also be useful to other scientists. Key Features: Improves the reader’s chances of getting their manuscript published in chemistry journals. Increases the likelihood of winning research grants in chemistry. Takes a “lead by the hand” approach. Contains chapters on the preparation of graphical abstracts and research highlights. Uses sketches and other illustration styles to aid mental visualization of concepts. Contains practical examples taken from published papers and successful research grant proposals.

Successful completion of postgraduate studies, especially PhD, and career advancement in academia strongly depend on the ability to publish scientific papers or books and attract research grants. However, many chemical scientists find preparing scientific papers and research grant and book proposals difficult; partly because of insufficient training in writing and partly because there are few practical books to enable them to learn the art. This step-by-step practical guide is intended mainly for postgraduate students and early career researchers in chemical science and the libraries that serve them but will also be useful to other scientists. Key Features: Improves the reader’s chances of getting their manuscript published in chemistry journals. Increases the likelihood of winning research grants in chemistry. Takes a “lead by the hand” approach. Contains chapters on the preparation of graphical abstracts and research highlights. Uses sketches and other illustration styles to aid mental visualization of concepts. Contains practical examples taken from published papers and successful research grant proposals.

* Covers topics such as fundamentals of sensors and their working principles * Details recent materials and technologies used for flexible and wearable sensors * Covers emerging applications

Key features: Complete introductory overview of cosmic ray physics Covers the origins, acceleration, transport mechanisms and detection of these particles Mathematical and technical detail is kept separate from the main text

The first accessible text on the topic of animals as environmental predictors, bringing together the literature from as far back as 18th century through to the present day. - Covers wider terrain than other titles in a relatively unexplored subject area. The text discusses climate change (highly topical) and how animals may be able to be used to predict future weather and climatic events. There is international potential as the climate challenge is global, and the examples span worldwide case studies. The sources used include myths, anecdotes, news articles and stories backed up by relevant scientific literature in international peer-reviewed journals. Each chapter starts with a short fictitious story to set the scene and anecdotes from indigenous cultures are especially interesting. The author draws on his vast expertise in biochemistry and cell biology. The science does not impede the less technical reader, due to the engaging mix of stories, anecdotes, personal observations and scientific underpinnings.

Data fusion problems arise frequently in many different fields. This book provides a specific introduction to data fusion problems using support vector machines. In the first part, this book begins with a brief survey of additive models and Rayleigh quotient objectives in machine learning, and then introduces kernel fusion as the additive expansion of support vector machines in the dual problem. The second part presents several novel kernel fusion algorithms and some real applications in supervised and unsupervised learning. The last part of the book substantiates the value of the proposed theories and algorithms in MerKator, an open software to identify disease relevant genes based on the integration of heterogeneous genomic data sources in multiple species. The topics presented in this book are meant for researchers or students who use support vector machines. Several topics addressed in the book may also be interesting to computational biologists who want to tackle data fusion challenges in real applications. The background required of the reader is a good knowledge of data mining, machine learning and linear algebra.

Key features: Provides a literature-based approach with examples of cutting-edge applications and the state of the art Presents the necessary theory as needed, chapter by chapter Synthesises concepts from physics and chemistry.

Features • Provides a cutting edge review of the latest emerging science, technology and applications in the field. • Tackles a topic with fast growing interest in USA, Europe and China. • Explores the simple and cheap design and tests of lasers, and outline the feasible applications.

Stem Cell Laboratory Techniques: A Guide for Researchers and Students introduces the reader to stem cell culture, handling techniques and versatile applications used by researchers. Sections introduce stem cells, including definitions, types and basic use of stem cells in biomedical science research. The book explains laboratory procedures and techniques ranging from the extraction of stem cells from animals, cell seeding and culture, harvest and maintenance of stem cells, stem cell characterization, accurate recording, quality control, and more. In addition, it guides researchers on topics such as transcriptome analysis, proliferation study analysis, and microphysiological study. Final sections cover useful and recent applications in stem cells, such as gene editing techniques and the preparation of stem cells for in vitro study, as well as stem cell lab design and equipment used in the lab. Lastly, human and animal research ethics are discussed.

Pulmonary Assessment and Management of Patients with Pediatric Neuromuscular Disease covers the broad medical problems and specific pulmonary conditions in patients with pediatric neuromuscular disease, ranging from the different types of neuromuscular disease, their pathophysiology, and assessment and management, including both novel disease modifying pharmacotherapies and state-of-the-art clinical management. This book provides evidence-based guidance for pediatric patients with neuromuscular disease, and is a valuable resource to pediatric pulmonologists, critical care physicians, and respiratory therapists who want an update and understanding on the cutting-edge therapies and standards of care for managing this population.

This volume covers all methods used to discover the composition, structure, and dynamics of the nuclear pore complex (NPC), as well as the soluble transport factors involved in the transport process. Chapters detail structural biology methods, biophysical, transport factors , and a wide range of model organisms that have been used over the years. Written in the format of the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series, each chapter includes an introduction to the topic, lists necessary materials and reagents, includes tips on troubleshooting and known pitfalls, and step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols. Authoritative and cutting-edge, The Nuclear Pore Complex: Methods and Protocols: Methods and Protocols aims to be a useful and practical guide to new researchers and experts looking to expand their knowledge.

Mathematics and Music: Composition, Perception, and Performance, Second Edition includes many new sections and more consistent expectations of a student's experience. The new edition of this popular text is more accessible for students with limited musical backgrounds and only high school mathematics is required. The new edition includes more illustrations than the previous one and the added sections deal with the XronoMorph rhythm generator, musical composition, and analyzing personal performance. The text teaches the basics of reading music, explaining how various patterns in music can be described with mathematics, providing mathematical explanations for musical scales, harmony, and rhythm. The book gives students a deeper appreciation showing how music is informed by both its mathematical and aesthetic structures. Highlights of the Second Edition: Now updated for more consistent expectations of students' backgrounds More accessible for students with limited musical backgrounds Full-color presentation Includes more thorough coverage of spectrograms for analyzing recorded music Provides a basic introduction to reading music Features new coverage of building and evaluating rhythms

Provides description of functional foams, their manufacturing methods, properties, and applications Covers various blowing agents, greener methods for foaming, and emerging applicability Illustrates comparative information regarding polymeric foams and recent developments with polymer nanocomposite foams Includes applications in mechanical, civil, biomedical, food packaging, electronics, health care industry, and acoustics fields Reviews elastomeric foams and their nanocomposite derivatives

Provides understanding of the device architecture, electrode design, and pros-cons of classical supercapacitors Explains material design in the context of electrochemical energy storage Covers state-of-the-art quantum supercapacitor and technological challenges Describes advanced version of supercapacitor devices describing macro-to-micro scale devices and applications at different scales Include details of challenges and outline of future designs

This book highlights selected papers from the 4th ICSA-Canada Chapter Symposium, as well as invited articles from established researchers in the areas of statistics and data science. It covers a variety of topics, including methodology development in data science, such as methodology in the analysis of high dimensional data, feature screening in ultra-high dimensional data and natural language ranking; statistical analysis challenges in sampling, multivariate survival models and contaminated data, as well as applications of statistical methods. With this book, readers can make use of frontier research methods to tackle their problems in research, education, training and consultation.

Facilitates good understanding of concepts of emerging 2D materials and its applications Covers details of highly sensitive sensors using 2D materials for environmental monitoring Outlines the role of 2D materials in improvement of energy harvesting and storage Details application in biosensing and healthcare for the realization of next-generation biotechnologies for personalized health monitoring and so forth Provides exclusive coverage of inorganic 2D MXenes compounds

This book comprehensively reviews recent and emerging applications of carbon nanotubes and graphene materials in a wide range of sectors. Detailed applications include structural materials, ballistic materials, energy storage and conversion, batteries, supercapacitors, smart sensors, environmental protection, nanoelectronics, optoelectronic and photovoltaics, thermoelectric, and conducting wires. It further covers human and structural health monitoring, and thermal management applications. Key selling features: Exclusively takes an application-oriented approach to cover emerging areas in carbon nanotubes and graphene Covers fundamental and applied knowledge related to carbon nanomaterials Includes advanced applications like human and structural health monitoring, smart sensors, ballistic protection and so forth Discusses novel applications such as thermoelectrics along with environmental protection related application Explores aspects of energy storage, generation and conversion including batteries, supercapacitors, and photovoltaics This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in electrical, nanomaterials, chemistry, and other related areas.

This book covers various aspects of cancer chemoprevention, including an overview of chemoprevention in the process of tumorigenesis; the roles of various phytochemicals, functional foods, and dietary interventions in disease prevention; and techniques such as cancer stem cell targeting, nano-formulations, and so forth. The nutrigenomic and epigenetic effects of natural products at the molecular and genetic levels are also covered alongside their potential for additive and synergistic effect, as well as overcoming drug resistance. The key selling features of the book are as follows: Discusses holistic and comprehensive areas of chemoprevention Includes diverse techniques, such as cancer stem cell targeting, nano-formulations, and nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems Introduces various mechanisms involved in prevention of the diseases, including targeting cancer stem cells Reviews various aspects which can reduce the toxicity and cost of treatment of diseases by alternative medicine Explores various sources, mechanisms, and ways to develop cancer chemopreventive agents with minimal toxicity compared to traditional cancer therapy drugs This book is focused on researchers and graduate students in drug delivery and formulation, nanobiotechnology, cancer chemoprevention, prevention, and therapeutics.

This new book, Carbon Nanotubes for Energy and Environmental Applications, covers the timely issue of green applications of carbon nanotubes. It covers the diverse usages of carbon nanotubes for the sensing of environmentally hazardous chemicals, for water purification, for the protection of the environment, and for new energy applications. The development of highly sensitive CNT-based gas sensors for air pollution monitoring, for green synthesis of carbon nanotubes, and for green energy applications are discussed in this volume. The diverse topics in the volume include nanodiamonds for energy storage, new lubricant additives that enhance energy efficiency, how carbon nanotubes can be applied in the food and agricultural sectors, the use of CNTs in water purification and desalination, carbon nanotubes-based electrochemical sensors for environmentally hazardous chemicals, and much more. This timely book addresses a need of the hour and will provide valuable for environmentally conscious industry professionals, faculty and students, and researchers in materials science, engineering, physics, and chemistry with interest in nanomaterials.

This book covers all various research areas using nano systems in the field of bio nanotechnology to fight against cancer for diagnosis and therapy including drug delivery from fundamentals to advanced levels. Book has designed such a way that, anyone who is interested to understand, learn or start his/her research career in the field of bio nanotechnology in cancer, can use as a gateway to enter in to the field as well as a serious advanced researcher can use as the reference text book. Due to multidisciplinary nature of the subject, the book has written so that advanced undergraduate, graduate, postgraduate and researchers from different fields can follow and understand the subject very easily. Plenty of figures and art works are used to convey the idea visibly and effortlessly

Ophthalmic Pathology: The Evolution of Current Concepts examines how our current understanding of morphologic disease, nomenclature and classification over the last century came about. The book explores the historical context and the modern trends of ocular nosology, emphasizing the science of disease classification. Chapters highlight major studies and developments surrounding approximately 50 disorders whose diagnoses are established by pathology, corresponding to a historical road map of current nomenclature, methods of disease classification, and the role of diagnostic morphology. Using a streamlined, highly illustrated format, this book provides a unique historic and evolutionary perspective into current views on the morphology of eye disease.

This book covers a wide range of topics in polymer rheology. These are: Basic Principles, parameters, systems and applied mathematical models used in the rheological studies Melt flow analysis of different non-Newtonian fluids in laminar flow, transition between laminar and turbulent flow and modified Reynolds number The effects of different physical and molecular parameters on purely viscous rheological response of polymer melts and solutions Principles of rheometery and different types of viscometers and on-line rheometers The static and dynamic viscoelastic response of the polymer melts and solutions, viscoelasticity, mechanical models and Boltzmann superposition principle Molecular structure - viscoelasticity relationship and linear and non-linear viscoelasticity Effects of different processes, materials parameters like temperature, fillers (micro and nano-fillers) and molecular parameters like MW, MWD The role of rheology in polymer processing in different equipment Modified power law constants and two range power law constants for a large number of polymers, rheology software program in Java, comparison of different polymer rheological models using the rheology software and answers to the problems The book will be very useful to both undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as teachers and practicing rheologists.

The text explores the development, use, and effect of additive manufacturing and digital manufacturing technologies for diverse applications. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in diverse engineering fields including industrial, manufacturing, and materials science. This book: Discusses the application of 3D virtual models to lasers, electron beams, and computer-controlled additive manufacturing machines Covers applications of additive manufacturing in diverse areas including healthcare, electronics engineering, and production engineering Explains the use of additive manufacturing for biocomposites and functionally graded materials Highlights rapid manufacturing of metallic components using 3D printing Illustrates production and optimization of dental crowns using additive manufacturing This book covers recent developments in manufacturing technology, such as additive manufacturing, 3D printing, rapid prototyping, production process operations, and manufacturing sustainability. The text further emphasizes the use of additive manufacturing for biocomposites and functionally graded materials. It will serve as an ideal reference text for graduate students and academic researchers in the fields of industrial engineering, manufacturing engineering, automotive engineering, aerospace engineering, and materials science.

The rise in living standards increases the expectation of people in almost every field. At the forefront is health. Over the past few centuries, there have been major developments in healthcare. Medical device technology and developments in artificial intelligence (AI) are among the most important ones. The improving technology and our ability to harness the technology effectively by means such as AI have led to unprecedented advances, resulting in early diagnosis of diseases. AI algorithms enable the fast and early evaluation of images from medical devices to maximize the benefits. While developments in the field of AI were quickly adapted to the field of health, in some cases this contributed to the formation of innovative artificial intelligence algorithms. Today, the most effective artificial intelligence method is accepted as deep learning. Convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures are deep learning algorithms used for image processing. This book contains applications of CNN methods. The content is quite extensive, including the application of different CNN methods to various medical image processing problems. Readers will be able to analyze the effects of CNN methods presented in the book in medical applications.