The proceedings of a seminar held at TWI in September, 1995, focusing on crack arrest philosophy which aknowledges that a brittle crack is arrested when it emerges from the critical region. Papers from prestigious researchers presented a critique and assessment of the theory and its application under: Introduction to crack arrest concepts; Recent trends in crack arrest research; Application of crack arrest concepts. Intended for those who have to apply or teach design skills in a technical or engineering context, this resource book defines and explains eight creative thinking techniques and shows how to use and adapt these to solve design problems. Case studies are drawn from a wide range of applications.

This book represents the proceedings of the 10th annual symposium of the Society of Reliability Engineers, Scandinavian Chapter, and was held in Stavanger, Norway, 9-11 October 1989. The theme of the symposium emphasised the need for obtaining a competitive edge through reliability in systems engineering and addressed the role of reliability in marketing, contracts, customer support and product liability. This book will be of interest to those involved in reliability engineering, risk assessment, safety and maintenance engineering.

This book is divided into four parts that outline the use of science and technology for applications pertaining to chemical and bioprocess engineering. The book endeavors to help academia, researchers, and practitioners to use the principles and tools of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering in a pertinent way, while attempting to point out the novel thoughts associated with the brain storming concepts encountered. As an example, the ability to use case studies appropriately is more important, to most practitioners.

First Published in 2017. This book presents a much needed practical methodology for the establishment of cost-effective reliability programs in nuclear or other high technology industries. Thanks to the high competence and practical experience of the authors in the field of reliability, it vividly illustrates the applicability of proven, cost-effective reliability techniques applied in the American space and military programs as hybridized with the avant-garde approach used by nuclear authorities, utilities and researchers in the United Kingdom and France. This emerged method will support a diligent effort in the enhancement of nuclear safety and protection of the health of the general public. The methodology developed in this book exemplifies the total integrated reliability program approach in the design, procurement, manufacturing, test, installation and operational phases of an equipment life cycle. It is based on lessons learned in space and military programs with certain methodological modifications to enhance practicality. The techniques described here are applicable to college instruction, plant upper and middle management personnel, as well as to regulating agencies with equal benefits; it provides a very pragmatic and cost-efficient approach to the reliability engineering discipline

"The decomposition of the difficulties to be resolved, or the objects to be known, should be pushed up to the simplest elements ... Such elements are seized directly and completely by the intuition. " Rene Descartes, Discours de la methode (1637) Wireless sensor networks have received significant attention because of their - portant role and many conveniences in our lives. Indeed, the recent and fast - vances in inexpensive sensor technology and wireless communications have made the design and development of large-scale wireless sensor networks cost-effective and appealing to a wide range of mission-critical situations, including civilian, natural, industrial, and military applications, such as health and environmental monitoring, seism monitoring, industrial process automation, and battlefields s- veillance, respectively. A wireless sensor network consists of a large number of - ny, low-powered devices, called sensors, which are randomly or deterministically deployed in a field of interest while collaborating and coordinating for the successful accomplishment of their mission. These sensors suffer from very scarce resources and capabilities, such as bandwidth, storage, CPU, battery power (or - ergy), sensing, and communication, to name a few, with energy being the most critical one. The major challenge in the design process of this type of network is mainly due to the limited capabilities of the sensors, and particularly, their energy, which makes them unreliable."

This book offers an introduction to numerical optimization methods in structural design. Employing a readily accessible and compact format, the book presents an overview of optimization methods, and equips readers to properly set up optimization problems and interpret the results. A 'how-to-do-it' approach is followed throughout, with less emphasis at this stage on mathematical derivations. The book features spreadsheet programs provided in Microsoft Excel, which allow readers to experience optimization 'hands-on.' Examples covered include truss structures, columns, beams, reinforced shell structures, stiffened panels and composite laminates. For the last three, a review of relevant analysis methods is included. Exercises, with solutions where appropriate, are also included with each chapter. The book offers a valuable resource for engineering students at the upper undergraduate and postgraduate level, as well as others in the industry and elsewhere who are new to these highly practical techniques.While the specific application is to structural design, the principles involved can be applied far more widely.

A Mathematical Introduction to Robotic Manipulation presents a mathematical formulation of the kinematics, dynamics, and control of robot manipulators. It uses an elegant set of mathematical tools that emphasizes the geometry of robot motion and allows a large class of robotic manipulation problems to be analyzed within a unified framework. The foundation of the book is a derivation of robot kinematics using the product of the exponentials formula. The authors explore the kinematics of open-chain manipulators and multifingered robot hands, present an analysis of the dynamics and control of robot systems, discuss the specification and control of internal forces and internal motions, and address the implications of the nonholonomic nature of rolling contact are addressed, as well. The wealth of information, numerous examples, and exercises make A Mathematical Introduction to Robotic Manipulation valuable as both a reference for robotics researchers and a text for students in advanced robotics courses.

The Engineering Council (UK) have reported an encouraging increase in the applications for Engineering Technician (Eng. Tech) registration, both from applicants following a work-based learning program and individuals without formal qualifications but who have verifiable competence through substantial working experiences and self-study. Design Engineer's Case Studies and Examples has been written for these young engineers. The contents have been selected on typical subjects that developing engineers may be expected to cover in their professional career and gives solutions to typical problems that may arise in mechanical design. The subjects covered include the following: Introduction to stress calculations Basic shaft design Beams under bending Keys and spline strength calculations Columns and struts Gears Material selection Conversions and general tables

Gas Turbines Modeling, Simulation, and Control: Using Artificial Neural Networks provides new approaches and novel solutions to the modeling, simulation, and control of gas turbines (GTs) using artificial neural networks (ANNs). After delivering a brief introduction to GT performance and classification, the book: Outlines important criteria to consider at the beginning of the GT modeling process, such as GT types and configurations, control system types and configurations, and modeling methods and objectives Highlights research in the fields of white-box and black-box modeling, simulation, and control of GTs, exploring models of low-power GTs, industrial power plant gas turbines (IPGTs), and aero GTs Discusses the structure of ANNs and the ANN-based model-building process, including system analysis, data acquisition and preparation, network architecture, and network training and validation Presents a noteworthy ANN-based methodology for offline system identification of GTs, complete with validated models using both simulated and real operational data Covers the modeling of GT transient behavior and start-up operation, and the design of proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and neural network-based controllers Gas Turbines Modeling, Simulation, and Control: Using Artificial Neural Networks not only offers a comprehensive review of the state of the art of gas turbine modeling and intelligent techniques, but also demonstrates how artificial intelligence can be used to solve complicated industrial problems, specifically in the area of GTs.

Urban theory traditionally links modernity to the city, to the historical emergence of certain forms of subjectivity and the rise of important developments in culture, arts and architecture. This is often in response to technological, economic and societal transformations in the nineteenth- and early twentieth-centuries in select Euro-American metropolises. In contrast, non-Western cities in the modern period are often considered through the lens of Westernization and development. How do we account for urban modernity in "other" cities? This book seeks to highlight cultural creativity by examining the diverse and shifting ways Istanbulites have defined themselves while they debate, imagine, build and consume their city. It focuses on a series of exhibitionary sites, from print press/photography, cinema/films, exhibitions of architectural heritage, theme parks and museums, and explores the links between these popular depictions through shared practices of representation. In doing so it argues that understanding how the future is imagined through images and interpretations of the past can broaden current theoretical thinking about Istanbul and other cities. In line with postcolonial calls for a comparative urbanism that decouples understanding of the modern from its privileged association with Western cities, this book offers a new perspective on the lens of urban modernity. It will appeal to urban geographers and historians, cultural studies scholars, art historians and anthropologists as well as planners, architects and artists.

In this second edition of Material Strategies in Digital Fabrication are new case studies, improved wayfinding, the inclusion of composites and plastics, and references to similar strategies between different projects. In 400 step-by-step diagrams dissecting 39 case studies in 10 countries on 3 continents, the book shows you how material performance drives the digital fabrication process and determines technique. The book identifies the important characteristics of each material, including connection types, relative costs, deformation, color, texture, finish, dimensional properties, durability, and weathering and waterproofing to link design outcomes to form. The book is divided into five main chapters by material; wood, metal, concrete/masonry, composites/plastics, and recycled/pre-cycled, to help you reference construction techniques for the fabrication machines you have on-hand. Includes projects by SHoP Architects, Gramazio & Kohler, Schindlersalmeron, The Institute for Computational Design (Achim Menges, Patkau Architects,Sebastien Wierinck, Blue Dot Furniture, Marble Fairbanks, Studio Gang Architects, Macdowell.Tomova, Thomas Heatherwick Studio, Heather Roberge, MX3D, Matsys, Asbjorn Sondergaard, Block Research Group (Phillipe Block), Ball Nogues Studio, Matter Design, WORK Architecture Company, and SoftLab.

The inverse design approach is new to the built environment research and design community, though it has been used in other industries including automobile and airplane design. This book, from some of the pioneers of inverse design applications in the built environment, introduces the basic principles of inverse design and the specific techniques that can be applied to built environment systems. The authors' inverse design concept uses the desired enclosed environment as the design objective and inversely determines the systems required to achieve the objective. The book discusses a number of backward and forward methods for inverse design. Backward methods, such as the quasi-reversibility method, the pseudo-reversibility method, and the regularized inverse matrix method, can be used to identify contaminant sources in an enclosed environment. However, these methods cannot be used to inversely design a desired indoor environment. Forward methods, such as the computational-fluid-dynamics (CFD)-based genetic algorithm (GA) method, the CFD-based adjoint method, the CFD-based artificial neural network (ANN) method, and the CFD-based proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) method, show the promise in the inverse design of airflow and heat transfer in an enclosed environment. The book describes the fundamentals of the methods for beginners, provides exciting design examples for the reader to duplicate, discusses the pros and cons of each design method and points out the knowledge gaps for further development.

For courses in creativity and innovation for engineers. Emphasising the Importance of Innovation and Creativity for Engineers This first edition of Introduction to Creativity and Innovation for Engineers was primarily designed for engineering students interested in acquiring knowledge, skills, and attitudes (KSA) that will help them be more creative and innovative. While intended primarily for engineering students, the widely applicable principles, ideas, tools, and methods introduced will also be useful for practicing engineers and as well as members of other disciplines. The text argues for a "whole-brain" approach to the study of engineering, using neuroscience as a foundation. While the left brain (logical and analytic) is essential to the study of engineering, the author believes that engineering students and practitioners will be more successful if they learn to also engage in more right brain processing (intuitive and emotional). Similarly, they should draw on knowledge of conscious and subconscious thinking and view the brain as a muscle that can be continuously strengthened. Building on that "Neuroscience 101" foundation, the text prepares future and current engineers to work smarter-either as individuals or within teams and organisations-by generating and developing new ideas. The nine chapter structure uses clear objectives, many examples, and numerous exercises to explicate its methods, ultimately enabling students and practitioners to realise that they're already capable of creative - innovative thinking. They only need to apply the 20 methods described in the book to unlock their brain's natural capabilities and then produce creative-innovative results for their benefit and for the benefit of others.

Designed as a supplement to the unparalleled and traditional engineering textbooks written by "the maestro" Prof. Giovannozzi, this review of the notes and lessons crucial to Machine Construction courses and Industrial Engineering students allows for the utmost comprehension of the subject matter at a decrease in study time, an important contribution given the requirements of the new teaching regulations. This long-sought collection of notes helps students get the most out of the texts, supporting them above all in those areas where, by experience, they have the most difficulty. Beginning with current training needs, Mechanical Design reinforces the fundamentals of the design of mechanical components. It employs an analytical approach to the subjects based on algorithms from traditional calculus without extensive reference to more current methodologies. This gives students of the ability to use simple models and calculations that are reliably effective and helpful at times when more complicated algorithms or well-known commercial programs need to be used. Emphasizing logical and analytical thinking, students start by analyzing the physical problem with the most appropriate schematic and end with a constructional definition of the component in need of planning. Typical Machine Construction course subjects/modules occupy the greater part of this book (mechanical system component planning), but two preliminary sections enhance its appeal: the methodological set-up of the project (traditional or more recent developments), and the project criteria that take into account environmental concerns. To comply with the requirements of the new teaching regulations, the principal materials tests and simple stress states are outlined prior to the study of fatigue, which refers to fine-tuning methods developed at Catania's Faculty of Engineering. Two useful appendices group tables of the general properties of metallic materials, and there are various applications whose theoretical methods and tools are applied to the planning of real mechanical systems.

The application of sophisticated evolutionary computing approaches for solving complex problems with multiple conflicting objectives in science and engineering have increased steadily in the recent years. Within this growing trend, Memetic algorithms are, perhaps, one of the most successful stories, having demonstrated better efficacy in dealing with multi-objective problems as compared to its conventional counterparts. Nonetheless, researchers are only beginning to realize the vast potential of multi-objective Memetic algorithm and there remain many open topics in its design.

This book presents a very first comprehensive collection of works, written by leading researchers in the field, and reflects the current state-of-the-art in the theory and practice of multi-objective Memetic algorithms. "Multi-Objective Memetic algorithms" is organized for a wide readership and will be a valuable reference for engineers, researchers, senior undergraduates and graduate students who are interested in the areas of Memetic algorithms and multi-objective optimization.

This book provides an extended overview and fundamental knowledge in industrial automation, while building the necessary knowledge level for further specialization in advanced concepts of industrial automation. It covers a number of central concepts of industrial automation, such as basic automation elements, hardware components for automation and process control, the latch principle, industrial automation synthesis, logical design for automation, electropneumatic automation, industrial networks, basic programming in PLC, and PID in the industry.

Table of Contents

Introduction to Automation. Hardware Components for Automation and Process Control. Industrial Automation Synthesis. Logical Design of Industrial Automation. Basic Components of Electro Pneumatic Automation. Industrial Networks. Basic Programming Principles of PLCs Author. PID Control in the Industry.

Presenting a novel biomimetic design method for transferring design solutions from nature to technology, this book focuses on structure-function patterns in nature and advanced modeling tools derived from TRIZ, the theory of inventive problem-solving. The book includes an extensive literature review on biomimicry as an engine of both innovation and sustainability, and discusses in detail the biomimetic design process, current biomimetic design methods and tools. The structural biomimetic design method for innovation and sustainability put forward in this text encompasses (1) the research method and rationale used to develop and validate this new design method; (2) the suggested design algorithm and tools including the Find structure database, structure-function patterns and ideality patterns; and (3) analyses of four case studies describing how to use the proposed method. This book offers an essential resource for designers who wish to use nature as a source of inspiration and knowledge, innovators and sustainability experts, and scientists and researchers, amongst others.

This book is the second volume reflecting the shift in the design paradigm in automobile industry. It presents contributions to the second and third workshop on Automotive Systems Engineering held in March 2013 and Sept. 2014, respectively. It describes major innovations in the field of driver assistance systems and automated vehicles as well as fundamental changes in the architecture of the vehicles.

The inspection process is one of the most important steps in manufacturing industries because it safeguards high quality products and customer satisfaction. Manual inspection may not provide the desired accuracy. This book introduces and implements a new methodology and develops the supporting technologies for automated inspection planning based on Computer Aided Design (CAD) models. It also provides and implements an efficient link for automated operation based on Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM). The link's output is a DMIS code programming file based on the inspection planning table that is executed on CMM.

Base stations developed according to the 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) standard require unprecedented processing power. 3GPP LTE enables data rates beyond hundreds of Mbits/s by using advanced technologies, necessitating a highly complex LTE physical layer. The operating power of base stations is a significant cost for operators, and is currently optimized using state-of-the-art hardware solutions, such as heterogeneous distributed systems. The traditional system design method of porting algorithms to heterogeneous distributed systems based on test-and-refine methods is a manual, thus time-expensive, task.

"Physical Layer Multi-Core Prototyping: A Dataflow-Based Approach" provides a clear introduction to the 3GPP LTE physical layer and to dataflow-based prototyping and programming. The difficulties in the process of 3GPP LTE physical layer porting are outlined, with particular focus on automatic partitioning and scheduling, load balancing and computation latency reduction, specifically in systems based on heterogeneous multi-core Digital Signal Processors. Multi-core prototyping methods based on algorithm dataflow modeling and architecture system-level modeling are assessed with the goal of automating and optimizing algorithm porting.

With its analysis of physical layer processing and proposals of parallel programming methods, which include automatic partitioning and scheduling, "Physical Layer Multi-Core Prototyping: A Dataflow-Based Approach" is a key resource for researchers and students. This study of LTE algorithms which require dynamic or static assignment and dynamic or static scheduling, allows readers to reassess and expand their knowledge of this vital component of LTE base station design.

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Functional Pavement Design is a collections of 186 papers from 27 different countries, which were presented at the 4th Chinese-European Workshops (CEW) on Functional Pavement Design (Delft, the Netherlands, 29 June-1 July 2016). The focus of the CEW series is on field tests, laboratory test methods and advanced analysis techniques, and cover analysis, material development and production, experimental characterization, design and construction of pavements. The main areas covered by the book include: - Flexible pavements - Pavement and bitumen - Pavement performance and LCCA - Pavement structures - Pavements and environment - Pavements and innovation - Rigid pavements - Safety - Traffic engineering Functional Pavement Design is for contributing to the establishment of a new generation of pavement design methodologies in which rational mechanics principles, advanced constitutive models and advanced material characterization techniques shall constitute the backbone of the design process. The book will be much of interest to professionals and academics in pavement engineering and related disciplines.

Written by renowned author and 3D artist Kelly L. Murdock, Autodesk Maya 2023 Basics Guide is designed to give new users a solid understanding of the fundamental skills needed to create beautiful 3D models and stunning animations with Autodesk Maya. Using clear and easy to follow instructions this book will guide you through learning all the major features of Maya. The text is complemented by video instruction. Each chapter has a corresponding video tutorial that introduces you to the topics and allows you to watch and learn how functions are performed in a way that a text alone cannot do.

Autodesk Maya 2023 Basics Guide makes no assumptions about your previous experience with Autodesk Maya. It begins by helping you get comfortable with the user interface and navigating scenes before moving into modeling, texturing, lighting, animating, rendering and more. Additionally, more advanced features such as character rigging, skinning, animating with dynamics and MEL scripting are also introduced.

Each chapter begins by examining the concept behind each task, the goal and the necessary features that are involved. Then you go in-depth with the objective of your task as you study examples and learn the steps necessary to complete it. Working your way through the comprehensive, step-by-step lessons, you'll develop the confidence you need to create incredible renderings and animations using Autodesk Maya.

Who this book is for

This text was created specifically for users with no prior 3D modeling or animation experience. If you want to work in a creative field or are just curious about how 3D animated movies are made this book is the perfect way to get started. Users who are migrating from another 3D application or upgrading from a previous version of Maya will also benefit greatly from this text.

What you'll learn

How to create models using primitives, curves, NURBS, Polygons and more

How to assign materials and textures to make realistic-looking models

How to use Paint Effects to paint on and quickly create complex 3D Models

How to use lights, cameras, and depth of field to render captivating scenes

How to use keyframes, motion paths and the Graph Editor to create animations

How to use character rigging, skinning, and inverse kinematics to animate realistic movements

How to use various deformers to manipulate objects, animations and special effects

How to add influence objects, skin weights and hair to a character for a more realistic look

How to use dynamics to create fire, smoke, lightning, explosions, cloth and ocean effects

How to enable raytracing, motion blur, and fog effects for increased realism

How to render stills and animations using Maya Vector and Mental Ray for different looks

How to use the Command Line and MEL Scripting to work faster

About Autodesk Maya

Maya is a program, created by Autodesk, used to model, animate, and render 3D scenes. 3D scenes created with Maya have appeared in movies, television, advertisements, games, product visualizations, and on the Web. With Maya, you can create and animate your own 3D scenes and render them as still images or as animation sequences.

Table of Contents

Introduction

1. Learning the Maya Interface

2. Controlling the View Panel

3. Starting with Primitive Objects

4. Working with Objects

5. Creating and Editing Polygon Objects

6. Working with NURBS Surfaces

7. Drawing and Editing Curves

8. Using Deformers

9. Assigning Materials and Textures

10. Adding Paint Effects

11. Using Cameras and Lights

12. Animating with Keyframes

13. Working with Characters

14. Animating with Dynamics

15. Rendering a Scene

16. Using MEL Scripting

Glossary

Index

Recently, there have been a number of advances in technology, including in mobile devices, globalization of companies, display technologies and healthcare, all of which require significant input and evaluation from human factors specialists. Accordingly, this textbook has been completely updated, with some chapters folded into other chapters and new chapters added where needed. The text continues to fill the need for a textbook that bridges the gap between the conceptual and empirical foundations of the field.

From the Physiology of Machines to the Anatomy of Machines An offshoot stemming from the author's previous book detailing the makeup and composition of a machine, Power Mechanisms of Rotational and Cyclic Motions provides an in-depth analysis of machine structure and operation. An important reference for practicing mechanical engineers, this book presents the kinematic diagrams of driving mechanisms in detail, analyzes their motion characteristics and efficiency, and addresses the lubricating problems that impact the reliability and operating life of machines. The diagrammatic representation of mechanisms is accompanied by examples of their general and detailed design, main geometry calculations, and recommendations for an approximate evaluation of principal dimensions. The authors consider the main stages of design, including the choice and analysis of kinematic diagrams, preliminary sizing, embodiment, and the design and dimensioning of specific elements including gears, shafts, bearings, springs, cams, fasteners, and others. A pivotal work, the book contains details of design that include: Analysis of diagrams of mechanisms (for their kinematic effects and efficiency) Rough dimensioning of the main elements Examples of the design of mechanisms and their elements (with relevant calculations of geometry and for strength) Design of specific subassemblies and parts (including their materials and heat treatment) Choice and design of lubrication systems Intended for engineering postgraduates, engineers, and designers of machines, Power Mechanisms of Rotational and Cyclic Motions also describes the main metals used in machinery and their mechanical characteristics and provides expressions for strength calculation. Covering a wide range of mechanisms, it contains numerous examples of design of mechanisms and accompanying calculations and design hints based on the authors' vast experience.

With the implementation of the strategic plan "Made in China 2025" as its guideline and "the study of formulation of executive summary of innovative design in the manufacturing industry" as the main theme, this book provides an in-depth interpretation of innovative design from three perspectives - why, what and how. Chapter One, "The Necessity of Developing Innovative Design," focuses on why innovative design should be developed, and Chapter Two, "Concept And Connotation of Innovative Design," explains what innovative design is, while Chapters Three to Seven systematically and comprehensively discuss how to develop innovative design and how to improve innovative design skills in various contexts, including key industries, business, personnel training, platform building, and supporting measures. Lastly, Chapter Eight "Cases of Innovative Design" explores the value of innovative design and innovative design-driven industrial transformation. By analyzing several design-driven companies, such as China Railway Rolling Stock Corporation, Haier Group and GAG Trumpchi, and the role of corporate innovative development as well as typical examples of major innovative design projects, it offers readers insights and inspiration.