This book provides a comprehensive and consistent introduction to the Internet of Things. Hot topics, including the European privacy legislation GDPR, and homomorphic encryption are explained. For each topic, the reader gets a theoretical introduction and an overview, backed by programming examples. For demonstration, the authors use the IoT platform VICINITY, which is open-source, free, and offers leading standards for privacy. Presents readers with a coherent single-source introduction into the IoT; Introduces selected, hot-topics of IoT, including GDPR (European legislation on data protection), and homomorphic encryption; Provides coding examples for most topics that allow the reader to kick-start his own IoT applications, smart services, etc.

The application of quantitative reliability evaluation in electric power sys tems has now evolved to the point at which most utilities use these techniques in one or more areas of their planning, design, and operation. Most of the techniques in use are based on analytical models and resulting analytical evaluation procedures. Improvements in and availability of high-speed digi tal computers have created the opportunity to analyze many of these prob lems using stochastic simulation methods and over the last decade there has been increased interest in and use made of Monte Carlo simulation in quantitative power system reliability assessment. Monte Carlo simulation is not a new concept and recorded applications have existed for at least 50 yr. However, localized high-speed computers with large-capacity storage have made Monte Carlo simulation an available and sometimes preferable option for many power system reliability applications. Monte Carlo simulation is also an integral part of a modern undergrad uate or graduate course on reliability evaluation of general engineering systems or specialized areas such as electric power systems. It is hoped that this textbook will help formalize the many existing applications of Monte Carlo simulation and assist in their integration in teaching programs. This book presents the basic concepts associated with Monte Carlo simulation."

The 3rd International Conference on Foundations and Frontiers in Computer, Communication and Electrical Engineering is a notable event which brings together academia, researchers, engineers and students in the fields of Electronics and Communication, Computer and Electrical Engineering making the conference a perfect platform to share experience, foster collaborations across industry and academia, and evaluate emerging technologies across the globe. The conference is technically co-sponsored by IEEE Kolkata Section along with several IEEE chapters, Kolkata Section such as Electron Devices Society, Power and Energy Society, Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation Society, Computer Society, and in association with CSIR-CEERI, Pilani, Rajasthan. The scope of the conference covers some broad areas of interest (but not limited to) such as Satellite and Mobile Communication Systems, Radar, Antennas, High Power Microwave Systems (HPMS), Electronic Warfare, Information Warfare, UWB systems, Microwave and Optical Communications, Microwave and Millimetre-Wave Tubes, Photonics, Plasma Devices, Missile Tracking and Guided systems, High voltage engineering, Electrical Machines, Power Systems, Control Systems, Non-Conventional Energy, Power Electronics and Drives, Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence, Networking, Image Processing, Soft Computing, Cloud Computing, Data Mining & Data warehousing, etc.

Digital Noise Monitoring of Defect Origin is for both academics and professionals in the fields of engineering, biological sciences, physical science, and automation with particular emphasis on power engineering, oil-and-gas extraction, and aviation among others. The focus of the book is on determining defect origins. The author divides the process into the stages of monitoring the defect origin, identification of the defect and its stages, and control of the defect. The significance of this work is also connected to the possibility of using the noise as a data carrier for creating technologies that detect the initial stage of changes in objects.

This extensively revised and expanded third edition of the Artech House bestseller, Computational Electrodynamics: The Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method, offers engineers the most up-to-date and definitive resource on this critical method for solving Maxwell's equations. The method helps practitioners design antennas, wireless communications devices, high-speed digital and microwave circuits, and integrated optical devices with unsurpassed efficiency. There has been considerable advancement in FDTD computational technology over the past few years, and the third edition brings professionals the very latest details with entirely new chapters on important techniques, major updates on key topics, and new discussions on emerging areas such as nanophotonics. What's more, to supplement the third edition, the authors have created a Web site with solutions to problems, downloadable graphics and videos, and updates, making this new edition the ideal textbook on the subject as well.

The book is concerned with contemporary methodologies used for automatic text summarization. It proposes interesting approaches to solve well-known problems on text-summarization using computational intelligence (CI) techniques including cognitive approaches. A better understanding of the cognitive basis of the summarization task is still an open research issue, an extent of its use in text summarization is highlighted for further exploration. With the ever-growing text and people on research has little time to spare for extensive reading, where, summarized information helps for a better understanding of the context at a shorter time. This book helps students and researchers to automatically summarize the text documents in an efficient and effective way. The computational approaches and the research techniques presented guides to achieve text summarization at ease. The summarized text generated supports readers to learn the context or the domain at a quicker pace. The book is presented with reasonable amount of illustrations and examples convenient for the readers to understand and implement for their use. The book is not to make readers understand what text summarization is, but for people to perform text summarization using various approaches. This also describes measures that can help to evaluate, determine and explore the best possibilities for text summarization to analyse and use for any specific purpose. The illustration is based on social media and healthcare domain, which shows the possibilities to work with any domain for summarization. The new approach for text summarization based on cognitive intelligence is presented for further exploration in the field.

Describes the optical structure and optical properties of the human eye Explains image formation and refraction of the eye Covers interactions between light and the eye, considering transmission, reflection and scatter in the media of the eye and at the fundus Covers aberrations and image quality of the eye

"Applications of Pulse-Coupled Neural Networks" explores the fields of image processing, including image filtering, image segmentation, image fusion, image coding, image retrieval, and biometric recognition, and the role of pulse-coupled neural networks in these fields. This book is intended for researchers and graduate students in artificial intelligence, pattern recognition, electronic engineering, and computer science. Prof. Yide Ma conducts research on intelligent information processing, biomedical image processing, and embedded system development at the School of Information Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University, China.

This book is about large-scale electronic circuits design driven by nanotechnology, where nanotechnology is broadly defined as building circuits using nanoscale devices that are either implemented with nanomaterials (e.g., nanotubes or nanowires) or following an unconventional method (e.g., FinFET or III/V compound-based devices). These nanoscale devices have significant potential to revolutionize the fabrication and integration of electronic systems and scale beyond the perceived scaling limitations of traditional CMOS. While innovations in nanotechnology originate at the individual device level, realizing the true impact of electronic systems demands that these device-level capabilities be translated into system-level benefits. This is the first book to focus on nanoscale circuits and their design issues, bridging the existing gap between nanodevice research and nanosystem design.

Discusses all the major tools and techniques for Decision Support System supported by examples Techniques are explained considering their deterministic and stochastic aspects Covers network tools including GERT and Q-GERT Explains application of both probability and fuzzy orientation in the pertinent techniques Includes a number of relevant case studies along with a dedicated chapter on software

Turbo coding principles have found widespread applications in information theory and, in part, have entered into mainstream telecommunication theory and practice. These principles are used in error control, detection, interference suppression, equalization, and other communications-related areas. Turbo Codes: Principles and Applications is intended for use by advanced level students and professional engineers involved in coding and telecommunication research. The material is organized into a coherent framework, starting with basic concepts of block and convolutional coding, and gradually increasing in a logical and progressive manner to more advanced material, including applications. All algorithms are fully described and supported by examples, and evaluations of their performance are carried out both analytically and by simulations. The book includes new and original material on a bidirectional SOVA decoding algorithm, design of turbo codes based on the distance spectrum, design of code-matched interleavers, performance on fading channels, and a turbo trellis code modulation scheme. Trellis-based and iterative decoding algorithms, along with a comparison of algorithms based on their performance and complexity, are discussed. Various practical aspects of turbo coding, such as interleaver design, turbo codes on fading channels, and turbo trellis-coded modulation, are presented. Turbo Codes: Principles and Applications will be especially useful to practicing communications engineers, researchers, and advanced level students who are designing turbo coding systems, including encoder/decoder and interleavers, and carrying out performance analysis and sensitivity studies.

High-Level Power Analysis and Optimization presents a comprehensive description of power analysis and optimization techniques at the higher (architecture and behavior) levels of the design hierarchy, which are often the levels that yield the most power savings. This book describes power estimation and optimization techniques for use during high-level (behavioral synthesis), as well as for designs expressed at the register-transfer or architecture level. High-Level Power Analysis and Optimization surveys the state-of-the-art research on the following topics: power estimation/macromodeling techniques for architecture-level designs, high-level power management techniques, and high-level synthesis optimizations for low power. High-Level Power Analysis and Optimization will be very useful reading for students, researchers, designers, design methodology developers, and EDA tool developers who are interested in low-power VLSI design or high-level design methodologies.

Turbo Codes: Desirable and Designable introduces the basics of turbo codes in their different flavors (more specifically, parallel concatenated convolutional turbo codes and block turbo codes). Through the application of systemic design methodology that considers data transfer and storage as top priority candidates for optimization, the authors show how turbo codes can be implemented and the attractive performance results that can be achieved in throughput, latency and energy consumption. These solutions and results make turbo-codes close competitors to traditional coding scheme such as convolutional codes or algebraic codes.

Finally, a real-life prototype of parallel concatenated convolutional (turbo-) codes is presented. A complete turbo codes ASIC data-flow is described together with on-board power, speed and coding gain measurements that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution.

The general concept of information is here, for the first time, defined mathematically by adding one single axiom to the probability theory. This Mathematical Theory of Information is explored in fourteen chapters: 1. Information can be measured in different units, in anything from bits to dollars. We will here argue that any measure is acceptable if it does not violate the Law of Diminishing Information. This law is supported by two independent arguments: one derived from the Bar-Hillel ideal receiver, the other is based on Shannon's noisy channel. The entropy in the 'classical information theory' is one of the measures conforming to the Law of Diminishing Information, but it has, however, properties such as being symmetric, which makes it unsuitable for some applications. The measure reliability is found to be a universal information measure. 2. For discrete and finite signals, the Law of Diminishing Information is defined mathematically, using probability theory and matrix algebra. 3. The Law of Diminishing Information is used as an axiom to derive essential properties of information. Byron's law: there is more information in a lie than in gibberish. Preservation: no information is lost in a reversible channel. Etc. The Mathematical Theory of Information supports colligation, i. e. the property to bind facts together making 'two plus two greater than four'. Colligation is a must when the information carries knowledge, or is a base for decisions. In such cases, reliability is always a useful information measure. Entropy does not allow colligation.

The extended and revised second edition of this successful monograph presents advanced modeling, analysis and control techniques of Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS). The book covers comprehensively a range of power-system control problems: from steady-state voltage and power flow control, to voltage and reactive power control, to voltage stability control, to small signal stability control using FACTS controllers.

In the six years since the first edition of the book has been published research on the FACTS has continued to flourish while renewable energy has developed into a mature and booming global green business. The second edition reflects the new developments in converter configuration, smart grid technologies, super power grid developments worldwide, new approaches for FACTS control design, new controllers for distribution system control, and power electronic controllers in wind generation operation and control. The latest trends of VSC-HVDC with multilevel architecture have been included and four completely new chapters have been added devoted to Multi-Agent Systems for Coordinated Control of FACTS-devices, Power System Stability Control using FACTS with Multiple Operating Points, Control of a Looping Device in a Distribution System, and Power Electronic Control for Wind Generation.

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This book introduces readers to two major sustainable applications of linear synchronous machines: wave energy conversion and magnetic levitation train technology. To do so, it begins with a state-of-the-art review of linear machines, covering induction and synchronous topologies and their applications, with a particular focus on sustainable applications. This is followed by an analysis of the electromagnetic modeling of linear synchronous machines, the goal being to investigate their main features, especially their force production capabilities.

This book represents a thoroughly comprehensive treatment of computational intelligence from an electrical power system engineer's perspective. Thorough, well-organised and up-to-date, it examines in some detail all the important aspects of this very exciting and rapidly emerging technology, including: expert systems, fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, genetic algorithms and hybrid systems. Written in a concise and flowing manner, by experts in the area of electrical power systems who have had many years of experience in the application of computational intelligence for solving many complex and onerous power system problems, this book is ideal for professional engineers and postgraduate students entering this exciting field. This book would also provide a good foundation for senior undergraduate students entering into their final year of study.

The book describes a method for modeling systems architecture, particularly of telecom networks and systems, although a large part can be used in a wider context. The method is called Sysnet Modeling and is based on a new modeling language, AML (Abstract systems Modeling Language), which is also described in the book. By applying Sysnet Modeling and AML, a formal model of the system is created. That model can be used for systems analysis as well as for communicating system knowledge to a broader audience of engineers in development projects. Inherent in sysnet modeling is the potential for considerable reduction in time spent on system implementation through the possibilities for code- and test-case generation.

This proceedings volume gathers outstanding papers submitted to the 2016 SAE-China Congress, the majority of which are from China, the biggest car maker as well as most dynamic car market in the world. The book includes insights into the current challenges that the whole industry is currently facing, and it offers possible solutions to problems such as emission controls, environmental pollution, the energy shortage, traffic congestion and sustainable development. It also presents the latest technical achievements in the automotive industry. Many of the approaches it presents can help technicians to solve the practical problems that most affect their daily work.

This edited collection opens up new intellectual territories and articulates the ways in which academics are theorising and practicing new forms of research in 'wild' contexts. Many researchers are choosing to leave the familiarity of their laboratory-based settings in order to pursue in-situ studies 'in the wild' that can help them to better understand the implications of their work in real-world settings. This has naturally led to ethical, philosophical and practical reappraisals with regard to the taken for granted lab-based modus operandi of scientific, cultural and design-based ways of working. This evolving movement has led to a series of critical debates opening up around the nature of research in the wild, but up until now these debates have not been drawn together in a coherent way that could be useful in an academic context. The book brings together applied, methodological and theoretical perspectives relating to this subject area, and provides a platform and a source of reference material for researchers, students and academics to base their work on. Cutting across multiple disciplines relating to philosophy, sociology, ethnography, design, human-computer interaction, science, history and critical theory, this timely collection appeals to a broad range of academics in varying fields of research.

Summarizes current recycling processes, challenges, and perspectives. Offers a comprehensive review of current commercialized LIB recycling companies. Showcases an innovative closed-loop hydrometallurgical recycling process to recycle lithium cathode materials. Provides detailed modelling and economic analysis of several hydrometallurgical recycling processes. Features practical cases and data developed by the authors.

1 Grundlagen Kommunikationsnetze.- 1.1 Historische Entwicklung.- 1.2 Netze.- 1.2.1 Netzstruktur.- 1.2.1.1 Maschennetz.- 1.2.1.2 Sternnetz.- 1.2.1.3 Liniennetz.- 1.2.1.4 Ringnetz.- 1.2.1.5 Baumstrukturiertes Netz.- 1.2.1.6 Hierarchisches Netz.- 1.2.2 Betriebsart.- 1.2.3 UEbertragungstechnik.- 1.2.4 Multiplexverfahren der UEbertragungstechnik.- 1.2.4.1 Raummultiplex.- 1.2.4.2 Frequenzmultiplex.- 1.2.4.3 Zeitmultiplex.- 1.2.4.4 Wellenlangenmultiplex.- 1.2.5 UEbertragungsmedium.- 1.2.5.1 Symmetrische Kupferkabel.- 1.2.5.2 Koaxialkabel.- 1.2.5.3 Lichtwellenleiter.- 1.2.5.4 Richtfunkstrecken.- 1.2.5.5 Mobilfunkstrecken.- 1.2.5.6 Satellitenstrecken.- 1.2.6 Versorgungsstruktur.- 1.2.6.1 LAN - Local Area Network.- 1.2.6.2 MAN - Metropolitan Area Network.- 1.2.6.3 WAN - Wide Area Network.- 1.2.6.4 GAN - Global Area Network.- 1.3 Telekommunikationsdienste.- 1.3.1 Telefondienst.- 1.3.1.1 ISDN-Telefondienst.- 1.3.2 Dateldienst.- 1.3.2.1 Telexdienst.- 1.3.2.2 Teletexdienst.- 1.3.2.3 ISDN-TA-Dienste.- 1.3.2.4 ISDN-Teletex.- 1.3.2.5 Telefaxdienst.- 1.3.2.6 ISDN-Telefax.- 1.3.2.7 ISDN-Datenubertragung.- 1.3.3 Breitbanddienst.- 1.3.3.1 Kabelfernsehen.- 1.3.3.2 Videokommunikationsdienst.- 1.3.3.3 ISDN-Bildkommunikation.- 1.3.3.4 ISDN-Multifunktionale Kommunikation.- 1.3.4 Mehrwertdienst.- 1.3.4.1 T-Online-Dienst.- 1.3.4.2 ISDN-T-Online.- 1.3.4.3 Teleboxdienst.- 1.3.4.4 Temexdienst.- 1.4 Prinzipien der Nachrichtenvermittlungstechnik.- 1.4.1 Vermittlungsprinzipien.- 1.4.1.1 Durchschaltevermittlung.- 1.4.1.2 Speichervermittlung.- 2 Elemente digitaler Nachrichtensysteme.- 2.1 Digitale Modulation.- 2.1.1 Abtasttheorem.- 2.1.2 Reale Abtastubertragungssysteme.- 2.1.3 Pulsamplituden-Modulation.- 2.1.4 Pulscode-Modulation.- 2.1.4.1 Konstruktion der Kompandierungskennlinie.- 2.1.4.2 A-Kompandierungskennlinie.- 2.1.4.3 -Kompandierungskennlinie.- 2.1.5 Redundanzmindernde Codierungen.- 2.2 Leitungscodierung.- 2.2.1 Allgemeine Begriffe.- 2.2.2 Binare Leitungscodes.- 2.2.2.1 NRZ-Code.- 2.2.2.2 RZ-Code.- 2.2.3 Biphase Leitungscodes.- 2.2.3.1 Manchester-Code.- 2.2.3.2 Differential Manchester-Code.- 2.2.3.3 CMI-Code.- 2.2.4 Ternare Leitungscodes.- 2.2.4.1 AMI-Code.- 2.2.4.2 HDB3-Code.- 2.2.5 Blockcode.- 2.2.5.1 Quaternarer Code.- 2.2.5.2 MMS43-Code.- 2.2.6 Leistungsdichtespektrum.- 2.3 Multiplextechniken.- 2.3.1 PCM30.- 2.3.1.1 Rahmenstruktur.- 2.3.1.2 Rahmenkennungswort und Meldewort.- 2.3.1.3 Signalisierungs-Meldewort.- 2.3.1.4 UEberwachungsverfahren.- 2.3.2 Plesiochrone Digital Hierarchie.- 2.3.2.1 Hierarchiestrukturen.- 2.3.2.2 Pulsstopfverfahren.- 2.3.2.3 Rahmenstrukturen.- 2.3.3 Synchrone Digital Hierarchie.- 2.3.3.1 Hierarchiestrukturen.- 2.3.3.2 Rahmenstruktur.- 2.3.3.3 Multiplexschema.- 2.3.3.4 SDH-Gerate.- 2.3.3.5 SDH-Plattform fur ATM.- 3 Kommunikationsmodelle.- 3.1 IS0/OSI-Referenzmodell.- 3.1.1 Elemente des Referenzmodells.- 3.1.2 Ziele des Referenzmodells.- 3.2 OSI-Architekturmodell.- 3.2.1 Dienste.- 3.2.2 Protokolle.- 3.2.3 Dienstprimitive.- 3.2.4 Dienstschnittstellen.- 3.3 Schichten des Architekturmodells.- 3.4 Bitubertragungsschicht.- 3.4.1 Mechanische Anschlussbedingungen.- 3.4.2 Elektrische Anschlussbedingungen.- 3.4.2.1 ITU-T V.28.- 3.4.3 Funktionale Anschlussbedingungen.- 3.4.3.1 ITU-T V.24.- 3.4.3.2 ITU-T X.21.- 3.4.3.3 Sende-und Empfangseinheit.- 3.4.4 Prozedurale Anschlussbedingungen.- 3.4.4.1 ITU-T V.24/V.28.- 3.4.4.2 ITU-T X.21.- 3.4.5 Dienste.- 3.5 Sicherungsschicht.- 3.5.1 Verbindungskonfiguration.- 3.5.1.1 Punkt-zu-Punkt-Verbindung.- 3.5.1.2 Mehrpunktverbindung.- 3.5.2 Flusskontrolle.- 3.5.2.1 XON/XOFF-Protokoll.- 3.5.2.2 Stop-and-Wait-Verfahren.- 3.5.2.3 Fenster-Verfahren.- 3.5.3 Fehlerkontrolle.- 3.5.3.1 Stop-arid-Wait ARQ.- 3.5.3.2 Go-Back-N ARQ.- 3.5.3.3 Selective Reject ARQ.- 3.5.3.4 Verfahren der Fehlererkennung.- 3.5.3.5 Zyklische Codes.- 3.5.4 Sicherungsprotokolle.- 3.5.4.1 HDLC.- 3.5.4.2 LAP-B.- 3.5.4.3 LAP-D.- 3.5.4.4 LLC.- 3.5.5 Dienste.- 3.6 Vermittlungsschicht.- 3.6.1 Protokolle.- 3.6.1.1 Datagramm-Protokoll.-

This book provides current R&D trends and novel approaches in design and analysis of broadband, multiband, and smart antennas for 5G and B5G mobile and wireless applications, as well as the identification of integration techniques of these antennas in a diverse range of devices. The book presents theoretical and experimental approaches to help the reader in understanding the unique design issues and more advanced research. Moreover, the book includes chapters on the fundamentals of antenna theory. The book is pertinent to professionals and researchers working in the field of antenna engineering; it is written for graduate students, researchers, academics, and industry practitioners who want to improve their understanding in the current research trends in design analysis of broadband, multiband, and smart antennas for wireless applications.

This Proceedings volume gathers outstanding papers submitted to Proceedings of China SAE Congress 2018: Selected Papers, the majority of which are from China - the largest car-maker as well as most dynamic car market in the world. The book covers a wide range of automotive topics, presenting the latest technical advances and approaches to help technicians solve the practical problems that most affect their daily work. It is intended for researchers, engineers and postgraduate students in the fields of automotive engineering and related areas.