Composed of three sections, this book presents the most popular training algorithm for neural networks: backpropagation. The first section presents the theory and principles behind backpropagation as seen from different perspectives such as statistics, machine learning, and dynamical systems. The second presents a number of network architectures that may be designed to match the general concepts of Parallel Distributed Processing with backpropagation learning. Finally, the third section shows how these principles can be applied to a number of different fields related to the cognitive sciences, including control, speech recognition, robotics, image processing, and cognitive psychology. The volume is designed to provide both a solid theoretical foundation and a set of examples that show the versatility of the concepts. Useful to experts in the field, it should also be most helpful to students seeking to understand the basic principles of connectionist learning and to engineers wanting to add neural networks in general -- and backpropagation in particular -- to their set of problem-solving methods.

"The Encyclopedia of Microcomputers serves as the ideal companion reference to the popular Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology. Now in its 10th year of publication, this timely reference work details the broad spectrum of microcomputer technology, including microcomputer history; explains and illustrates the use of microcomputers throughout academe, business, government, and society in general; and assesses the future impact of this rapidly changing technology."

This unique reference presents in-depth coverage of the latest methods and applications of digital image processing describing various computer architectures ideal for satisfying specific image processing demands.

"The Encyclopedia of Microcomputers serves as the ideal companion reference to the popular Encyclopedia of Computer Science and Technology. Now in its 10th year of publication, this timely reference work details the broad spectrum of microcomputer technology, including microcomputer history; explains and illustrates the use of microcomputers throughout academe, business, government, and society in general; and assesses the future impact of this rapidly changing technology."

Reconfigurable computing techniques and adaptive systems are some of the most promising architectures for microprocessors. Reconfigurable and Adaptive Computing: Theory and Applications explores the latest research activities on hardware architecture for reconfigurable and adaptive computing systems. The first section of the book covers reconfigurable systems. The book presents a software and hardware codesign flow for coarse-grained systems-on-chip, a video watermarking algorithm for the H.264 standard, a solution for regular expressions matching systems, and a novel field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based acceleration solution with MapReduce framework on multiple hardware accelerators. The second section discusses network-on-chip, including an implementation of a multiprocessor system-on-chip platform with shared memory access, end-to-end quality-of-service metrics modeling based on a multi-application environment in network-on-chip, and a 3D ant colony routing (3D-ACR) for network-on-chip with three different 3D topologies. The final section addresses the methodology of system codesign. The book introduces a new software-hardware codesign flow for embedded systems that models both processors and intellectual property cores as services. It also proposes an efficient algorithm for dependent task software-hardware codesign with the greedy partitioning and insert scheduling method (GPISM) by task graph.

Modern Digital Design and Switching Theory is an important text that focuses on promoting an understanding of digital logic and the computer programs used in the minimization of logic expressions. Several computer approaches are explained at an elementary level, including the Quine-McCluskey method as applied to single and multiple output functions, the Shannon expansion approach to multilevel logic, the Directed Search Algorithm, and the method of Consensus. Chapters 9 and 10 offer an introduction to current research in field programmable devices and multilevel logic synthesis. Chapter 9 covers more advanced topics in programmed logic devices, including techniques for input decoding and Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). Chapter 10 includes a discussion of boolean division, kernels and factoring, boolean tree structures, rectangle covering, binary decision diagrams, and if-then-else operators. Computer algorithms covered in these two chapters include weak division, iterative weak division, and kernel extraction by tabular methods and by rectangle covering theory. Modern Digital Design and Switching Theory is an excellent textbook for electrical and computer engineering students, in addition to a worthwhile reference for professionals working with integrated circuits.

Sequential Logic and Verilog HDL Fundamentals discusses the analysis and synthesis of synchronous and asynchronous sequential machines. These machines are implemented using Verilog Hardware Description Language (HDL), in accordance with the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Standard: 1364-1995. The book concentrates on sequential logic design with a focus on the design of various Verilog HDL projects. Emphasis is placed on structured and rigorous design principles that can be applied to practical applications. Each step of the analysis and synthesis procedures is clearly delineated. Each method that is presented is expounded in sufficient detail with accompanying examples. Many analysis and synthesis examples use mixed-logic symbols incorporating both positive- and negative-input logic gates for NAND (not AND) and NOR (not OR) logic, while other examples utilize only positive-input logic gates. The use of mixed logic parallels the use of these symbols in the industry. The book is intended to be a tutorial, and as such, is comprehensive and self-contained. All designs are carried through to completion-nothing is left unfinished or partially designed. Each chapter contains numerous problems of varying complexity to be designed by the reader using Verilog HDL design techniques. The Verilog HDL designs include the design module, the test bench module that tests the design for correct functionality, the outputs obtained from the test bench, and the waveforms obtained from the test bench. Sequential Logic and Verilog HDL Fundamentals presents Verilog HDL with numerous design examples to help the reader thoroughly understand this popular hardware description language. The book is designed for practicing electrical engineers, computer engineers, and computer scientists; for graduate students in electrical engineering, computer engineering, and computer science; and for senior-level undergraduate students.

Hybrid architecture for intelligent systems is a new field of artificial intelligence concerned with the development of the next generation of intelligent systems. This volume is the first book to delineate current research interests in hybrid architectures for intelligent systems.
The book is divided into two parts. The first part is devoted to the theory, methodologies, and algorithms of intelligent hybrid systems. The second part examines current applications of intelligent hybrid systems in areas such as data analysis, pattern classification and recognition, intelligent robot control, medical diagnosis, architecture, wastewater treatment, and flexible manufacturing systems.
Hybrid Architectures for Intelligent Systems is an important reference for computer scientists and electrical engineers involved with artificial intelligence, neural networks, parallel processing, robotics, and systems architecture.

A complete and authoritative discussion of systems engineering and neural networks In Systems Engineering Neural Networks, a team of distinguished researchers deliver a thorough exploration of the fundamental concepts underpinning the creation and improvement of neural networks with a systems engineering mindset. In the book, you'll find a general theoretical discussion of both systems engineering and neural networks accompanied by coverage of relevant and specific topics, from deep learning fundamentals to sport business applications. Readers will discover in-depth examples derived from many years of engineering experience, a comprehensive glossary with links to further reading, and supplementary online content. The authors have also included a variety of applications programmed in both Python 3 and Microsoft Excel. The book provides: A thorough introduction to neural networks, introduced as key element of complex systems Practical discussions of systems engineering and forecasting, complexity theory and optimization and how these techniques can be used to support applications outside of the traditional AI domains Comprehensive explorations of input and output, hidden layers, and bias in neural networks, as well as activation functions, cost functions, and back-propagation Guidelines for software development incorporating neural networks with a systems engineering methodology Perfect for students and professionals eager to incorporate machine learning techniques into their products and processes, Systems Engineering Neural Networks will also earn a place in the libraries of managers and researchers working in areas involving neural networks.

This proceedings volume contains selected papers presented at the 2014 International Conference on Frontiers in Computer Education (ICFCE 2014), which was held December 24-25, 2014, in Wuhan, China. The objective of this conference was to provide a forum for different researchers in different fields, especially Computer Education as well as Information Technology, to exchange their various findings. The papers have been grouped under the following overarching themes: Computer Science, Computer Education, Education and Teaching Reform, and Communication and Intelligent Control.

Parallel Computing: Methods, Algorithms and Applications presents a collection of original papers presented at the international meeting on parallel processing, methods, algorithms, and applications at Verona, Italy in September 1989.

With the expectation that architectural improvements will play a significant role inadvancing processor performance, it is critical for readers to maintain an up-to-date,unified overview of technological advances in this vital research area.Gathering into one place material that had been scattered throughout the literaturemakingit difficult to obtain detailed information on computer designs-this importantbook describes the main architectural and organizational features of modem mini- andmicrocomputers. In addition, it explains the RISC philosophy by supplying historicalbackground information and excellent examples of several commercially available RISCmicroprocessors.Limiting attention to VLSI implementations of RISC processors, VLSI RISCArchitecture and Organization offers insight into design issues that arose indeveloping a RISC system, using the VLSI RISC chip set developed at AcornComputers Limited as an example ... discusses options considered during the designprocess, the basis for the decisions made, and implementation details . . . describescontemporary RISC architecture, comparing and contrasting different designs ... andlooks at future trends in RISC research.Discussing the topic cohesively and comprehensively-from initial study into reducedinstructions sets to the widespread introduction of RISC architectures into mainstreamcomputer products-VLSI RISC Architecture and Organization is aninvaluable reference for electrical, electronics, and computer engineers; computerarchitects and scientists; hardware systems designers; and upper-level undergraduate andgraduate students in computer science and electrical engineering courses.

Prototyping and user testing is the best way to create successful products, but many designers skip this important step and use gut instinct instead. By explaining the goals and methodologies behind prototyping-and demonstrating how to prototype for both physical and digital products-this practical guide helps beginning and intermediate designers become more comfortable with creating and testing prototypes early and often in the process. Author Kathryn McElroy explains various prototyping methods, from fast and dirty to high fidelity and refined, and reveals ways to test your prototypes with users. You'll gain valuable insights for improving your product, whether it's a smartphone app or a new electronic gadget. Learn similarities and differences between prototyping for physical and digital products Know what fidelity level is needed for different prototypes Get best practices for prototyping in a variety of mediums, and choose which prototyping software or components to use Learn electronics prototyping basics and resources for getting started Write basic pseudocode and translate it into usable code for Arduino Conduct user tests to gain insights from prototypes

HPC is used to solve a number of complex questions in computational and data-intensive sciences. These questions include the simulation and modeling of physical phenomena, such as climate change, energy production, drug design, global security, and materials design; the analysis of large data sets such as those in genome sequencing, astronomical observation, and cybersecurity; and the intricate design of engineered products, such as airplanes and automobiles. This second volume of Contemporary High Performance Computing: From Petascale toward Exascale continues to document international HPC ecosystems, including the sponsors and sites that host them. Each chapter is punctuated with a site's flagship system and: Presents highlights of applications, workloads, and benchmarks Describes hardware architectures, system software, and programming systems Explores storage, visualization, and analytics Examines the data center/facility as well as system statistics Featuring pictures of buildings and systems in production, floorplans, and many block diagrams and charts to illustrate system design and performance, Contemporary High Performance Computing: From Petascale toward Exascale, Volume Two delivers a detailed snapshot of the rich history of practice in modern HPC. This book provides a valuable reference for researchers in HPC and computational science.

Although several books and academic courses discuss data management and networking, few of them focus on the convergence of networking and software technologies for identifying, addressing, and managing distributed data. Focusing on this convergence, Identification and Management of Distributed Data: NGN, Content-Centric Networks and the Web collates and describes the various distributed data management technologies to help readers from various backgrounds understand the common aspects that govern distributed data management.
With a focus on the primary problems in identifying, addressing, and managing information in a distributed environment, the book guides you through the discovery of distributed data management on the web, in next-generation networks (NGNs), and in new content-centric networking paradigms. It includes case studies from the Palo Alto Research Center and the Semantic Web Education and Outreach Interest Group that illustrate the convergence between software engineering and networking technologies.
Derived from academic courses, ongoing research, and the latest standardization initiatives, the book explains how the various layers of the existing Internet protocol stack already provide most of the functions that information engineers need to design efficient systems. Although the subject is broad, the book provides helpful insights into a number of critical technologies to provide you with the foundation required to build and deploy more efficient data interoperability paradigms in next-generation networks.

Contemporary High Performance Computing: From Petascale toward Exascale focuses on the ecosystems surrounding the world's leading centers for high performance computing (HPC). It covers many of the important factors involved in each ecosystem: computer architectures, software, applications, facilities, and sponsors. The first part of the book examines significant trends in HPC systems, including computer architectures, applications, performance, and software. It discusses the growth from terascale to petascale computing and the influence of the TOP500 and Green500 lists. The second part of the book provides a comprehensive overview of 18 HPC ecosystems from around the world. Each chapter in this section describes programmatic motivation for HPC and their important applications; a flagship HPC system overview covering computer architecture, system software, programming systems, storage, visualization, and analytics support; and an overview of their data center/facility. The last part of the book addresses the role of clouds and grids in HPC, including chapters on the Magellan, FutureGrid, and LLGrid projects. With contributions from top researchers directly involved in designing, deploying, and using these supercomputing systems, this book captures a global picture of the state of the art in HPC.

Numerical simulation models are used in all engineering disciplines for modeling physical phenomena to learn how the phenomena work, and to identify problems and optimize behavior. Smart Proxy Models provide an opportunity to replicate numerical simulations with very high accuracy and can be run on a laptop within a few minutes, thereby simplifying the use of complex numerical simulations, which can otherwise take tens of hours. This book focuses on Smart Proxy Modeling and provides readers with all the essential details on how to develop Smart Proxy Models using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, as well as how it may be used in real-world cases. Covers replication of highly accurate numerical simulations using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Details application in reservoir simulation and modeling and computational fluid dynamics Includes real case studies based on commercially available simulators Smart Proxy Modeling is ideal for petroleum, chemical, environmental, and mechanical engineers, as well as statisticians and others working with applications of data-driven analytics.

Model checking is one of the most successful verification techniques and has been widely adopted in traditional computing and communication hardware and software industries. This book provides the first systematic introduction to model checking techniques applicable to quantum systems, with broad potential applications in the emerging industry of quantum computing and quantum communication as well as quantum physics. Suitable for use as a course textbook and for self-study, graduate and senior undergraduate students will appreciate the step-by-step explanations and the exercises included. Researchers and engineers in the related fields can further develop these techniques in their own work, with the final chapter outlining potential future applications.

With the increased concern for energy conservation in recent years, much attention has been focused on lighting energy consumption and methods for reducing it. Along with this concern for energy efficient lighting has come the realization that lighting has profound effects on worker productivity as well as important aesthetic qualities. This book presents an introduction to lighting design and energy efficiency which can be utilized while maintaining the quality of illumination. Topics include lighting energy management, selection of lamps, task lighting, lighting design, lighting control, reflectors, ballast selection, natural daylighting, wireless lighting control, and case studies.

This reference text discusses advances in wireless communication, design challenges, and future research directions to design reliable wireless communication. The text discusses emerging technologies including wireless sensor networks, Internet of Things (IoT), cloud computing, mm-Wave, Massive MIMO, cognitive radios (CR), visible light communication (VLC), wireless optical communication, signal processing, and channel modeling. The text covers artificial intelligence-based applications in wireless communication, machine learning techniques and challenges in wireless sensor networks, and deep learning for channel and bandwidth estimation during optical wireless communication. The text will be useful for senior undergraduate, graduate students, and professionals in the fields of electrical engineering, and electronics and communication engineering.

Telecommunications have underpinned social interaction and economic activity since the 19th century and have been increasingly reliant on optical fibers since their initial commercial deployment by BT in 1983. Today, mobile phone networks, data centers, and broadband services that facilitate our entertainment, commerce, and increasingly health provision are built on hidden optical fiber networks. However, recently it emerged that the fiber network is beginning to fill up, leading to the talk of a capacity crunch where the capacity still grows but struggles to keep up with the increasing demand. This book, featuring contributions by the suppliers of widely deployed simulation software and academic authors, illustrates the origins of the limited performance of an optical fiber from the engineering, physics, and information theoretic viewpoints. Solutions are then discussed by pioneers in each of the respective fields, with near-term solutions discussed by industrially based authors, and more speculative high-potential solutions discussed by leading academic groups.

This book looks at relationships between the organisation of physical objects in space and the organisation of ideas. Historical, philosophical, psychological and architectural knowledge are united to develop an understanding of the relationship between information and its representation. Despite its potential to break the mould, digital information has relied on metaphors from a pre-digital era. In particular, architectural ideas have pervaded discussions of digital information, from the urbanisation of cyberspace in science fiction, through to the adoption of spatial visualisations in the design of graphical user interfaces. This book tackles: * the historical importance of physical places to the organisation and expression of knowledge * the limitations of using the physical organisation of objects as the basis for systems of categorisation and taxonomy * the emergence of digital technologies and the 20th century new conceptual understandings of knowledge and its organisation * the concept of disconnecting storage of information objects from their presentation and retrieval * ideas surrounding semantic space' * the realities of the types of user interface which now dominate modern computing.

We are crossing a new frontier in the evolution of computing and entering the era of cognitive systems. The victory of IBM's Watson on the television quiz show Jeopardy! revealed how scientists and engineers at IBM and elsewhere are pushing the boundaries of science and technology to create machines that sense, learn, reason, and interact with people in new ways to provide insight and advice. In Smart Machines, John E. Kelly III, director of IBM Research, and Steve Hamm, a writer at IBM and a former business and technology journalist, introduce the fascinating world of "cognitive systems" to general audiences and provide a window into the future of computing. Cognitive systems promise to penetrate complexity and assist people and organizations in better decision making. They can help doctors evaluate and treat patients, augment the ways we see, anticipate major weather events, and contribute to smarter urban planning. Kelly and Hamm's comprehensive perspective describes this technology inside and out and explains how it will help us conquer the harnessing and understanding of "big data," one of the major computing challenges facing businesses and governments in the coming decades. Absorbing and impassioned, their book will inspire governments, academics, and the global tech industry to work together to power this exciting wave in innovation.

Software development isn't an "ivory tower" exercise.Street coders get the job done by prioritizing tasks, making quick decisions, and knowing which rules to break. Street Coder: Rules to break and how to break themis a programmer's survival guide, full of tips, tricks, and hacks that will make you a more efficient programmer. This book's rebel mindset challenges status quo thinking and exposes the important skills you need on the job. You'll learnthe crucial importance of algorithms and data structures, turn programming chores into programming pleasures, and shatter dogmatic principles keeping you from your full potential. Every new coder starts out with a lot of theory; the "streetsmarts" come with experience. To be successful, you need to know how toput theory into action, understand why "best practices" are the best, and know when to go rogue and break the unbreakable rules.

The architects of today s large and complex systems all too often struggle with the lack of a consistent set of principles and practices that adequately address the entire breadth of systems architecture. The Method Framework for Engineering System Architectures (MFESA) enables system architects and process engineers to create methods for effectively and efficiently engineering high-quality architecture for systems, subsystems, and software components.

Meets the Needs of Specific Projects

The book begins by documenting the common challenges that must be addressed by system architecture engineering. It explores the major principles answering these challenges and forming the basis of MFESA. Next, the authors introduce MFESA, including its primary goals, inputs, tasks, outputs, and assumptions. Then they describe the fundamental concepts and terminology on which the systems architecture engineering is founded. This is followed by a description of each of the ten system architecture engineering tasks including associated goals and objectives, preconditions, inputs, steps, postconditions, work products, guidelines, and pitfalls.

Finally, the book documents the relationship between quality and architecture, explains the quality model underlying MFESA, and provides a summary of MFESA method framework, as well as a list of points to remember and future directions planned for MFESA.

Explains Specific Rationales

Organized as a handy desk reference, this book harnesses more than 100 years of the authors combined professional experience to provide extensive guidelines, best practices, and tips on avoiding possible pitfalls. It presents a direct rationale of why steps are taken, how things can go wrong, and guidance for how and when to tailor the model for a system s specific context.

CRC Press is pleased to announce that The Method Framework for Engineering System Architectures has been added to "Intel Corporation s Recommended Reading List." Intel s Recommended Reading program provides technical professionals a simple and handy reference list of what to read to stay abreast of new technologies. Dozens of industry technologists, corporate fellows, and engineers have helped by suggesting books and reviewing the list. This is the most comprehensive reading list available for professional computer developers.