What happens inside our prisons? What's Prison For? examines the "incarceration" part of "mass incarceration." What happens inside prisons and jails, where nearly two million Americans are held? Bill Keller, one of America's most accomplished journalists, has spent years immersed in the subject. He argues that the most important role of prisons is preparing incarcerated people to be good neighbors and good citizens when they return to society, as the overwhelming majority will. Keller takes us inside the walls of our prisons, where we meet men and women who have found purpose while in state custody; American corrections officials who have set out to learn from Europe's state-of-the-art prison campuses; a rehab unit within a Pennsylvania prison, dubbed Little Scandinavia, where lifers serve as mentors; a college behind bars in San Quentin; a women's prison that helps imprisoned mothers bond with their children; and Keller's own classroom at Sing Sing. Surprising in its optimism, What's Prison For? is an indispensable guide on how to improve our prison system, and a powerful argument that the status quo is a shameful waste of human potential.

Das Buch befasst sich mit den International Framework Agreements (IFA) - ein neueres Rechtsinstitut, mit dem sich transnationale Unternehmen gegenuber internationalen Gewerkschaften zur Einhaltung arbeitsrechtlicher Rahmenbedingungen verpflichten. Vor dem Hintergrund, dass ein internationales Arbeitsrecht fehlt, Unternehmen jedoch zunehmend global agieren, kommen Soft Law und nichtstaatlichen Vereinbarungen eine immer wichtigere Funktion zu. Die Autorin untersucht die derzeit gut 120 IFA hinsichtlich Rechtsnatur, international-privatrechtlicher Behandlung und Rechtswirkungen, insbesondere im Arbeits-, Kauf- und Lauterkeitsrecht. Neben der Bestandsaufnahme des jungen Instituts findet sich auch ein Ausblick auf die mutmassliche weitere Entwicklung der IFA und ihrer Bedeutung im sozialen Dialog.

There are approximately 150 million people of African descent in Latin America yet Afro-descendants have been consistently marginalized as undesirable elements of the society. Latin America has nevertheless long prided itself on its absence of US-styled state-mandated Jim Crow racial segregation laws. This book disrupts the traditional narrative of Latin America's legally benign racial past by comprehensively examining the existence of customary laws of racial regulation and the historic complicity of Latin American states in erecting and sustaining racial hierarchies. Tanya Kateri Hernandez is the first author to consider the salience of the customary law of race regulation for the contemporary development of racial equality laws across the region. Therefore, the book has a particular relevance for the contemporary US racial context in which Jim Crow laws have long been abolished and a 'post-racial' rhetoric undermines the commitment to racial equality laws and policies amidst a backdrop of continued inequality.

Die Autorin beantwortet die in der Praxis relevantesten und umstrittensten Fragestellungen bei der Anwendung des Haager Zustellungsubereinkommens. Sie definiert die Voraussetzungen fur die Anwendbarkeit des UEbereinkommens und leistet eine grundlegende Analyse des ordre public-Vorbehaltes in Art. 13 Abs. 1 HZUE. Die Ergebnisse wendet sie auf Praxisfalle an, vor allem im Rechtsverkehr mit den USA. Methodisch zeichnet sich die Untersuchung durch den verfassungs- und voelkerrechtlichen Blick auf die Leistung internationaler Rechtshilfe sowie durch umfassende Vergleiche mit anderen nationalen Rechtsordnungen, Rechtshilfeubereinkommen im Zivil-, Straf- und Verwaltungsrecht und Regelungen des Internationalen Zivilverfahrensrechts aus.

Rather than abstract philosophical discussion or yet another analysis of legal doctrine, Speech and Silence in American Law seeks to situate speech and silence, locating them in particular circumstances and contexts and asking how context matters in facilitating speech or demanding silence. To understand speech and silence we have to inquire into their social life and examine the occasions and practices that call them forth and that give them meaning. Among the questions addressed in this book are: who is authorized to speak? And what are the conditions that should be attached to the speaking subject? Are there occasions that call for speech and others that demand silence? What is the relationship between the speech act and the speaker? Taking these questions into account helps readers understand what compels speakers and what problems accompany speech without a known speaker, allowing us to assess how silence speaks and how speech renders the silent more knowable.

Das Buch stellt die Moeglichkeiten der Sanierung geschlossener Publikumsfondsgesellschaften im Einklang mit der bisherigen Rechtsprechung auf ein gesichertes rechtliches Fundament und berucksichtigt dabei auch das 2013 in Kraft getretene Kapitalanlagegesetzbuch (KAGB). Der Autor analysiert die wirtschaftlichen Besonderheiten geschlossener Fonds und merkt an, dass die Zufuhr von frischem Eigenkapital durch neue Einlagen oder Ruckforderung von Ausschuttungen von zentraler Bedeutung sind. Entscheidend ist dabei die Frage nach den Moeglichkeiten und Grenzen von Mehrheitsbeschlussen in der Fondsgesellschaft. Der Autor uberpruft daruber hinaus neue Werkzeuge - insb. das Insolvenzplanverfahren (seit ESUG) sowie die sog. Sanierungsplattformen - auf ihre Tauglichkeit fur geschlossene Fonds.

Can torture be justified in exceptional circumstances? In this timely work, Michelle Farrell asks how and why this question has become such a central debate. She argues that the ticking bomb scenario is a fiction which blinds us to the reality of torture and investigates what it is that that scenario fails to represent. Farrell aims to reframe how we think about torture, and critically reflects on the historical and contemporary approaches to its use in exceptional situations. She demonstrates how torture, from its use in Algeria to the 'War on Terror', has been misrepresented, and appraises the legalist, extra-legalist and absolutist assessments of exception to the torture prohibition. Employing Giorgio Agamben's theory of the state of exception as a foil, Farrell deconstructs these approaches and goes on to propose her own theory of exceptional torture.

This book studies how victims of human rights violations in Latin America, their families, and their advocates work to overcome entrenched impunity and seek legal justice. Their struggles show that legal justice is a multifaceted process, the overarching purpose of which is to restore human dignity and prevent further violence. Uncovering, revealing, and proving the truth are essential elements of legal justice, and are also powerful tools to activate the process. When faced with stubborn impunity at home, victims, families, and advocates can carry on their work for legal justice by bringing cases in courts in other countries or in the inter-American human rights system. These extra-territorial courts can jump-start the process of legal justice at home. Seeking Human Rights Justice in Latin America examines the political and legal struggle through the lens of the human story at the heart of these cases.

The potential of the e-health revolution, increased data sharing, database linking, biobanks and new techniques such as geolocation and genomics to advance human health is immense. For the full potential to be realized, though, privacy and confidentiality will have to be dealt with carefully. Problematically, many conventional approaches to such pivotal matters as consent, identifiability, and safeguarding and security are inadequate. In many places, research is impeded by an overgrown thicket of laws, regulations, guidance and governance. The challenges are being heightened by the increasing use of biospecimens, and by the globalization of research in a world that has not globalized privacy protection. Drawing on examples from many developed countries and legal jurisdictions, the book critiques the issues, summarizes various ethics, policy, and legal positions (and revisions underway), describes innovative solutions, provides extensive references and suggests ways forward.

Drawing together key documents, case law, reports and other essential materials, International Humanitarian Law offers students, lecturers and practitioners an accessible and critically informed account of the theory, law and practice of international humanitarian law. Providing comprehensive, thematic and targeted coverage of national and international cases and materials, this book successfully balances doctrine with practical application to help readers understand how the theories are applied in practice and navigate through jurisprudence with ease. Employing a critical and targeted commentary throughout, this book also helps readers to better understand the implications of the law and the challenges facing international humanitarian law today including: cyber war, detention, direct participation in hostilities, human rights in armed conflict and terrorism. Suitable for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students and practitioners, International Humanitarian Law offers a thematic and comprehensive treatment of the subject.

Building on the highly-regarded first edition, this is a comprehensive study of the relationship between law and religion in English law. Against a backdrop of an increasingly religiously and culturally diverse country, it represents a vital legal analysis of fundamental questions regarding individual and group rights, and how the political and legal systems regard and engage with such diversity. Questions about equality, non-discrimination, tolerance, and social cohesion are of great concern both in the public policy, and legal spheres. At a practical level, the debates range from the issue of whether businesses such as shops and hotels can decline to provide services on religious grounds, through clashes between the school curriculum and faith, to requests for employment leave on grounds of religion. Law, Rights, and Religion examines the legal principles underlying religious rights, and the application of issues of faith within the legal system. Framed by the Human Rights Act 1998, the Equality Act 2010, and the EC Equality Directives, it delves into specific areas of legal practice, including education, employment, immigration, family law, criminal law, and terrorism. The author combines detailed analysis with a clear assessment of the practical and procedural issues, making this an important tool in the library of all specialists in the areas of equality, discrimination, and human rights.

Is there still a right to seek asylum in a globalised world? Migration control has increasingly moved to the high seas or the territory of transit and origin countries, and is now commonly outsourced to private actors. Under threat of financial penalties airlines today reject any passenger not in possession of a valid visa, and private contractors are used to run detention centres and man border crossings. In this volume Thomas Gammeltoft-Hansen examines the impact of these new practices for refugees' access to asylum. A systematic analysis is provided of the reach and limits of international refugee law when migration control is carried out extraterritorially or by non-state actors. State practice from around the globe and case law from all the major human rights institutions is discussed. The arguments are further linked to wider debates in human rights, general international law and political science.

This book argues that there is an important connection between ethical resistance to British imperialism and the ethical discovery of gay rights. By closely examining the roots of liberal resistance in Britain and resistance to patriarchy in the United States, this book shows that fighting the demands of patriarchal manhood and womanhood plays an important role in countering imperialism. Advocates of feminism and gay rights (in particular, the Bloomsbury Group in Britain) play an important public function in the criticism of imperialism because they resist the gender binary's role in rationalizing sexism and homophobia in both public and private life. The connection between the rise of gay rights and the fall of empire illuminates larger questions of the meaning of democracy and of universal human rights as shared human values that have appeared since World War II. The book also casts doubt on the thesis that arguments for gay rights must be extrinsic to democracy, and that they must reflect Western, as opposed to African or Asian, values. To the contrary, gay rights arise from within liberal democracy, and its critics polemically use such opposition to cover and rationalize their own failures of democracy."

Das mitwirkende Verschulden im Zivilrecht wird gemeinhin als spezielle Auspragung des Grundsatzes von Treu und Glauben verstanden. Die Arbeit versucht, den Normbezug des Mitverschuldens am Beispiel der Arzthaftung nachzuweisen. Ausgehend vom versicherungsrechtlichen Begriff der Obliegenheit werden typische Fallgruppen schadensvermeidenden und schadensmindernden Patientenverhaltens entwickelt.

In the period since the end of the Second World War, there has emerged what never before existed: a truly global morality. Some of that morality - the morality of human rights - has become entrenched in the constitutional law of the United States. This book explicates the morality of human rights and elaborates three internationally recognized human rights that are embedded in US constitutional law: the right not to be subjected to cruel, inhuman or degrading punishment; the right to moral equality; and the right to religious and moral freedom. The implications of one or more of these rights for three great constitutional controversies - capital punishment, same-sex marriage and abortion - are discussed in-depth. Along the way, Michael J. Perry addresses the question of the proper role of the Supreme Court of the United States in adjudicating these controversies.

This book explains the reciprocal relations between the Supreme Court and the Israeli political system. It is based on a unique approach that contends that the non-governability of the political system and an alternative political culture are two key formal and informal variables affecting the behavior of several political players within the Israeli arena. The analysis illustrates the usefulness of such a model for analyzing long-term socio-political processes and explaining the actions of the players. Until this model changes significantly, the decisions of the High Court of Justice express the values of the state and enable Israel to remain a nation that upholds human rights. The court's decisions determine the normative educational direction and reflect Israel's democratic character with regard to the values of human rights.

Children are the victims of some of the most devastating examples of state-sanctioned and private human rights abuse. In increasing numbers, they are attempting to find international protection, and are forced to navigate complex administrative and legal processes that fail to take into account their distinct needs and vulnerabilities. The key challenges they face in establishing entitlement to refugee protection are their invisibility and the risk of incorrect assessment. Drawing on an extensive and original analysis of jurisprudence of leading common law jurisdictions, this book undertakes an assessment of the extent to which these challenges may be overcome by greater engagement between international refugee law and international law on the rights of the child. The result is the first comprehensive study on the manner in which these two mutually reinforcing legal regimes can interact to strengthen the protection of refugee children.

Die Autorin deckt Mangel des 89b HGB (Billigkeitsregelung) im europaischen Blickfeld auf und sucht nach Alternativen, die zu mehr Rechtssicherheit beitragen koennen. Hintergrund sind die uneinheitlichen rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen auf europaischer und nationaler Ebene, die Auslegungsprobleme nach sich ziehen. Bei Vertragsbeendigung steht dem Handelsvertreter nach 89b HGB ein Anspruch auf angemessenen Ausgleich zu. Der Ausgleichsanspruch ist eine nicht durch Provisionszahlungen abgegoltene Vergutung fur Vorteile, die der Unternehmer aus den vermittelten Kundenbeziehungen nach Vertragsende zieht. Die Auslegung des 89b HGB wird massgeblich beeinflusst durch die EG-Richtlinie 86/653/EWG. Wahrend die 84 ff. HGB jedoch alle Vertreterarten erfassen, gilt die EG-Richtlinie nur fur Warenvertreter.

This edited volume offers original scholarship on economic and social human rights from leading and new cutting-edge scholars in the fields of economics, law, political science, sociology, and anthropology. It analyzes the core economic and social rights and the crucial topic of nondiscrimination, and includes an innovative section on meta rights. The main chapters answer important questions about economic and social rights performance around the world by emphasizing the obstacles that prevent governments from fulfilling their obligations. The interdisciplinary analysis offers a detailed and up-to-date discussion to help scholars and policy makers find the best ways to instantiate economic and social rights. The authors examine the role of the associated obligations, and especially the obstacles to respect, protect, and fulfill those obligations. The book's introductory and concluding chapters address conceptual issues and correct mistakes often made by critics of economic and social rights.

Winner of the 2018 Pulitzer Prize for General Non-Fiction Longlisted for the National Book Award One of the New York Times Book Review's 10 Best Books of 2017 Former public defender James Forman, Jr. is a leading critic of mass incarceration and its disproportionate impact on people of colour. In LOCKING UP OWN OWN, he seeks to understand the war on crime that began in the 1970s and why it was supported by many African American leaders in the nation's urban centres. Forman shows us that the first substantial cohort of black mayors, judges and police chiefs took office amid a surge in crime and drug addiction. Many prominent black officials, including Washington, DC mayor Marion Barry and federal prosecutor Eric Holder, feared that the gains of the civil rights movement were being undermined by lawlessness - and thus embraced tough-on-crime measures, including longer sentences and aggressive police tactics. In the face of skyrocketing murder rates and the proliferation of open-air drug markets, they believed they had no choice. But the policies they adopted would have devastating consequences for residents of poor black neighbourhoods. A former public defender, Forman tells riveting stories of politicians, community activists, police officers, defendants and crime victims. He writes with compassion about individuals trapped in terrible dilemmas - from the men and women he represented in court to officials struggling to respond to a public safety emergency.LOCKING UP OWN OWN enriches our understanding of why American society became so punitive and offers important lessons to anyone concerned about the future of race and the criminal justice system.

Nach der Veroeffentlichung der PISA-Studie wurde in Deutschland viel uber die weitere Entwicklung der oeffentlichen Schulen diskutiert. Nur wenig Beachtung fanden dabei die Privatschulen, obwohl diese eine Alternative zum oeffentlichen Schulwesen darstellen. Der Betrachtung der Rechtslage der Privatschulen dient dieses Buch. Es werden die verfassungsrechtliche Situation, die verwaltungsrechtliche Ausgestaltung im Recht der Bundeslander und die privatrechtliche Ausformung des Privatschulverhaltnisses untersucht. Betrachtet werden insbesondere die zwischen der genehmigten Ersatzschule und der zusatzlich anerkannten Ersatzschule bestehenden Unterschiede. Es erfolgt eine vertiefte Darstellung der Auswirkungen der Anerkennung der Ersatzschule im Verhaltnis der Schule zum Schuler und zum Staat.

State authority and power have become diffused in an increasingly globalized world characterized by the freer trans-border movement of people, objects and ideas. As a result, some international law scholars believe that a new world order is emerging based on a complex web of transnational networks. Such a transnational legal order requires sufficient dialogue between national courts. This 2010 book explores the prospects for such an order in the context of refugee law in Europe, focusing on the use of foreign law in refugee cases. Judicial practice is critically analysed in nine EU member states, with case studies revealing a mix of rational and cultural factors that lead judges to rarely use each others' decisions within the EU. Conclusions are drawn for the prospects of a Common European Asylum System and for international refugee law.

Der Verein Fundare e.V., ein gemeinnutziger Verein zur Foerderung des Stiftungswesens, hat es sich zum Ziel gesetzt, zu einer aufbluhenden Stiftungskultur in Deutschland beizutragen. Dazu sollen insbesondere die wissenschaftlichen und praktischen Grundlagen des Stiftens erforscht werden. Der Erfullung dieser Aufgabe dient die Zeitschrift Die Stiftung - Jahreshefte zum Stiftungswesen. Sie beinhaltet in ihrer neunten Ausgabe vor allem die Vortrage, die auf dem von Fundare e.V. veranstalteten 9. Stiftungsrechtstag an der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum gehalten wurden. Daruber hinaus haben noch weitere Beitrage Aufnahme gefunden. Es werden nicht nur eingehend zivilrechtliche, sondern auch verwaltungs- und steuerrechtliche Problematiken des Stiftungsrechts beleuchtet. Der Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf dem in der Praxis viel diskutierten Thema "Compliance", wobei die aktuellen Themen im Stiftungs- und Stiftungssteuerrecht nicht vernachlassigt werden.

Human rights are considered one of the big ideas of the early twenty-first century. This book presents in an authoritative and readable form the variety of platforms on which human rights law is practiced today, reflecting also on the dynamic inter-relationships that exist between these various levels. The collection has a critical edge. The chapters engage with how human rights law has developed in its various subfields, what (if anything) has been achieved and at what cost, in terms of expected or produced unexpected side-effects. The authors pass judgment about the consistency, efficacy and success of human rights law (set against the standards of the field itself or other external goals). Written by world-class academics, this Companion will be essential reading for students and scholars of human rights law.

Migrant workers, though long welcomed in Canada for their labour, are often excluded from both workplace protections and basic social benefits such as health care, income assistance, and education. Through interviews with migrants and their advocates, Marsden shows that people with precarious migration status face barriers in law, policy, and practice, affecting their ability to address adverse working conditions and their access to institutions such as hospitals, schools, and employment standards boards. Enforcing Exclusion recasts what migration status means to both the state and to non-citizens, questioning the adequacy of human-rights-based responses in addressing its exclusionary effects.