This book considers the constitutional position of the judiciary and its role in shaping the individual's relations with the state.

Readers will gain the following:

A comprehensive analysis of the history of civil liberties and human rights in the UK, and the judiciary's role in upholding them

An understanding of the Human Rights Act of 1998 and its potential impact on the judiciary's relations with the parliament and the executive

An appreciation of the importance of political accountability and open government in the protection of liberty, together with recent legislative reforms in these areas

An awareness of why important critics believe fundamental freedoms are at risk in the UK in the post 9/11 and 7/7 atmosphere

A chance to draw comparisons between Britain, the USA and European countries in their attempts to create legal frameworks to protect civil liberties and human rights

This textbook provides an important, accessible introduction to an area of current widespread concern.

Key Features

* Offers a comprehensive introduction to three key issues: human rights legislation, the role of senior judges, and the protection of civil liberties

* Guides the reader through complex current debates on public order, covert and mass surveillance, and prevention of terrorism

* Provides updated descriptions of key statutes including the Prevention of Terrorism Act 2005

* Assesses contemporary developments in American law and order policy including the USA/ Patriot Act

* Summarizes the arguments of civil liberties lobbies and successive governments

* Includes proposed changes in the law in the aftermath of the July 2005 London bombings

In der Insolvenz u ber das Vermoegen einer KG gehoert die haftungsrechtliche Inanspruchnahme der Kommanditisten fu r den verwaltungs- und verfu gungsbefugten Insolvenzverwalter zu dessen Pflichtprogramm. Eine Analyse der diesbezu glichen Rechtsprechung und Literaturpublikationen der jungeren Vergangenheit offenbaren indes, dass dieses Pflichtprogramm eine Vielzahl von rechtlichen Schwierigkeiten in sich birgt. Der Autor eruiert dabei die wesentlichen Streitfragen und setzt sich mit Ihnen im Wege einer wissenschaftlichen Diskussion auseinander. Immer wieder treten dabei die zu erwartenden Folgen fur die Praxis in den Vordergrund der Diskussion. Berucksichtigt wird darin nicht nur die idealtypische KG, sondern auch die als KG ausgestalteten Publikumsgesellschaften sowie die GmbH & Co. KG.

Treaties are so fundamental to the lives of Native Americans and their nations in the United States and Canada that life without them would be difficult to imagine. Most contemporary issues, from land claims to resource ownership to gambling permits, are rooted in laws that derive much of their sustenance from such documents. Treaties are, therefore, vibrant documents that define important issues in our time. This book is an attempt to maintain a national conversation on the treaty basis of important contemporary laws and issues. While the texts of such treaties have long been available, discussion and other annotation in a context that gives them contemporary meaning has been scarce.

This collection of essays by experts in Native American history examines these historic agreements in light of recent and ongoing controversies. Claims to ancestral land bases are one prime example: the Canandaigua Treaty of 1794 provides a context in which to address the Onondaga's claim to most of the Syracuse urban area. Treaties provide the bases for events such as the modern-day rebirth of the Ponca Nation in Nebraska more than a century after a bureaucratic error resulted in banishment from ancestral land. One chapter explores why the U.S. Army still officially regards tragic events at Wounded Knee in December 1890 as a battle, rather than a massacre. Another reveals how treaties and laws have been used to retain and regain gas and oil resource ownership. Still another expert examines why so much energy has been expended over the fate of 9,300- year-old bones that have come to be called Kennewick Man.

Das Buch befasst sich mit einem Teilbereich der Rechtsnachfolge in Familienunternehmen. Das Bestimmungsvermachtnis gibt dem Erblasser die Moeglichkeit, in seinem Testament einen Kreis von Vermachtnisnehmern zu benennen und die endgultige Bestimmung des Vermachtnisnehmers und Unternehmensnachfolgers nach seinem Tod auf einen Dritten zu ubertragen. Auf diese Weise erlangt der Erblasser die Moeglichkeit, dass auch nach dem Erbfall eintretende Umstande bei der Rechtsnachfolge in das Unternehmen Berucksichtigung finden koennen. Im Zentrum der Untersuchung steht die Frage, welche Rechte das Bestimmungsvermachtnis den beteiligten Personen vermittelt und wie der Erblasser durch eine gezielte Testamentsgestaltung Einfluss auf die jeweiligen Rechtspositionen nehmen kann, um eine moeglichst sachgerechte Nachfolgeplanung sicher zu stellen.

Die Publikation stellt mit Vergleichen zur Handels- und Investitionsschiedsgerichtsbarkeit bezuglich dem Court of Arbitration for Sport (CAS) ein Gegenmodell zur klassischen Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit auf. Da der CAS eine gerichtsahnliche Institution ist, stellen die staatlichen Gerichte und deren Vorschriften zur OEffentlichkeit einen tauglichen Vergleichsmassstab dar. Die Autorin eroertert, dass diese rechtlichen Wertungen jedoch allenfalls uber den "Umweg" des ordre public durchgesetzt werden koennen. Sie zeigt daruber hinaus auf, dass die Veroeffentlichung der Schiedsspruche durch den CAS, vergleichbar mit einem Revisionsgericht, fur eine stringente und effektive Rechtsfortentwicklung des Sportrechts erforderlich ist. Abschliessend werden diese Forderungen fur weitere Reformen des CAS-Code anhand konkreter Regelungsvorschlage in englischer Fassung begreiflich gemacht.

On June 25, 2013, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in Shelby County v. Holder, invalidating a key provision of voting rights law. The decision - the culmination of an eight-year battle over the power of Congress to regulate state conduct of elections - marked the closing of a chapter in American politics. That chapter had opened a century earlier in the case of Guinn v. United States, which ushered in national efforts to knock down racial barriers to the ballot. A detailed and timely history, The Rise and Fall of the Voting Rights Act analyzes changing legislation and the future of voting rights in the United States. In tracing the development of the Voting Rights Act from its inception, Charles S. Bullock III, Ronald Keith Gaddie, and Justin J. Wert begin by exploring the political and legal aspects of the Jim Crow electoral regime. Detailing both the subsequent struggle to enact the law and its impact, they explain why the Voting Rights Act was necessary. The authors draw on court cases and election data to bring their discussion to the present with an examination of the 2006 revision and renewal of the act, and its role in shaping the southern political environment in the 2008 and 2012 presidential elections, when Barack Obama was chosen. Bullock, Gaddie, and Wert go on to closely evaluate the 2013 Shelby County decision, describing how the ideological makeup of the Supreme Court created an appellate environment that made the act ripe for a challenge. Rigorous in its scholarship and thoroughly readable, this book goes beyond history and analysis to provide compelling and much-needed insight into the ways voting rights legislation has shaped the United States. The Rise and Fall of the Voting Rights Act illuminates the historical roots - and the human consequences - of a critical chapter in U.S. legal history.

Winner, 2020 Best Book Award, Law Category, given by the American Book Fest Examines immigration enforcement and discretion during the first eighteen months of the Trump administration Within days of taking office, President Donald J. Trump published or announced changes to immigration law and policy. These changes have profoundly shaken the lives and well-being of immigrants and their families, many of whom have been here for decades, and affected the work of the attorneys and advocates who represent or are themselves part of the immigrant community. Banned examines the tool of discretion, or the choice a government has to protect, detain, or deport immigrants, and describes how the Trump administration has wielded this tool in creating and executing its immigration policy. Banned combines personal interviews, immigration law, policy analysis, and case studies to answer the following questions: (1) what does immigration enforcement and discretion look like in the time of Trump? (2) who is affected by changes to immigration enforcement and discretion?; (3) how have individuals and families affected by immigration enforcement under President Trump changed their own perceptions about the future?; and (4) how do those informed about immigration enforcement and discretion describe the current state of affairs and perceive the future? Shoba Sivaprasad Wadhia pairs the contents of these interviews with a robust analysis of immigration enforcement and discretion during the first eighteen months of the Trump administration and offers recommendations for moving forward. The story of immigration and the role immigrants play in the United States is significant. The government has the tools to treat those seeking admission, refuge, or opportunity in the United States humanely. Banned offers a passionate reminder of the responsibility we all have to protect America's identity as a nation of immigrants.

Die Autorin geht der Frage nach, wie organisierte Kriminalitat am effektivsten bekampft werden kann. Eine moegliche Vorgehensweise ware der Entzug des kriminellen Vermoegens. Die Vermoegensabschoepfung in Strafsachen hat durch die Reform in 2017 in Deutschland erheblich an Bedeutung gewonnen. Die Die Autorin analysiert die Regelungen zur Abschoepfung inkriminierten Vermoegens in Deutschland, England und der Schweiz und beleuchtet die grenzuberschreitende Dimension der Vermoegensabschoepfung. Anschliessend bewertet sie, inwiefern die deutsche Abschoepfungsreform das Potential hat, das bestehende nationale und grenzuberschreitende Vermoegensabschoepfungsdefizit zu beseitigen.

A monumental investigation of the Supreme Court's rulings on race, From Jim Crow To Civil Rights spells out in compelling detail the political and social context within which the Supreme Court Justices operate and the consequences of their decisions for American race relations. In a highly provocative interpretation of the decision's connection to the civil rights movement, Klarman argues that Brown was more important for mobilizing southern white opposition to racial change than for encouraging direct-action protest. Brown unquestioningly had a significant impact--it brought race issues to public attention and it mobilized supporters of the ruling. It also, however, energized the opposition. In this authoritative account of constitutional law concerning race, Michael Klarman details, in the richest and most thorough discussion to date, how and whether Supreme Court decisions do, in fact, matter.

There is order on the internet, but how has this order emerged and what challenges will threaten and shape its future? This study shows how a legitimate order of norms has emerged online, through both national and international legal systems. It establishes the emergence of a normative order of the internet, an order which explains and justifies processes of online rule and regulation. This order integrates norms at three different levels (regional, national, international), of two types (privately and publicly authored), and of different character (from ius cogens to technical standards). Matthias C. Kettemann assesses their internal coherence, their consonance with other order norms and their consistency with the order's finality. The normative order of the internet is based on and produces a liquefied system characterized by self-learning normativity. In light of the importance of the socio-communicative online space, this is a book for anyone interested in understanding the contemporary development of the internet. This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International licence. It is offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations.

Dieses Buch befasst sich mit der Bedeutung des angloamerikanischen Rechtsbegriffs "Trust". Trotz der Fremdheit des Trusts im deutschen Zivilrecht werden dennoch Ausschuttungen an Trustbegunstigte, die in Deutschland steuerlich ansassig sind, einer Besteuerung unterworfen. Der Autor begrundet durch Aufzeigen der Funktionsvielfalt des Trusts, warum die gelegentliche Einordnung als blosses Steuervermeidungsinstrument dem Rechtsinstitut in seiner Vielseitigkeit in keiner Weise Rechnung tragt. Weiterhin analysiert er die derzeitige Besteuerung des Trusts in Deutschland im Hinblick auf die Erbschaft- und Schenkungsteuer sowie aus ertragsteuerlicher Hinsicht einschliesslich der Zurechnungsbesteuerung nach 15 AStG umfassend. Der Autor veranschaulicht, wie eine konsistente und austarierte Besteuerung von Trusts in Deutschland aussehen koennte und widmet sich der Problematik des gleichzeitigen Eingreifens von Schenkungsteuer und Einkommensteuer bei Trustausschuttungen.

Der Gefahrubergang entscheidet im Exportgeschaft unter anderem uber die Preisgestaltung und die Obliegenheit, die Ware gegen Transportschaden zu versichern. Die Untersuchung entwickelt die wesentlichen Leitgedanken des hier so genannten Gefahrtragungsrechts des UN-Kaufrechts. Zentral sind die Erkenntnisse, dass der Gefahrbegriff streng verschuldensunabhangig zu bestimmen ist und dass kein relevanter Zusammenhang zwischen der Gefahrtragung und dem Inhalt der Lieferpflicht des Verkaufers besteht. Diese Pramissenbildung ermoeglicht eine stringente Auslegung der Einzelvorschriften, beispielsweise zur Wechselwirkung zwischen Pflichtverletzung und Gefahrtragung. Ferner kann nunmehr der Anwendungsbereich der praktisch besonders wichtigen Gefahrtragung beim Versendungskauf trennscharf definiert werden.

Urheberrechtsschranken sind nach der Rechtsprechung grundsatzlich eng auszulegen und nicht analogiefahig. Technische Neuerungen ermoeglichen allerdings bisher unbekannte Nutzungsarten geschutzter Werke durch Digitalisierung. Das erfordert nach Ansicht der Autorin eine standige Weiterentwicklung der urheberrechtlichen Schranken. Sie geht der Frage nach, ob Schranken einzeln weiterentwickelt werden sollen oder mittels des Dreistufentests eine Methode genutzt werden soll, die Schranken nach Sinn und Zweck durch die Rechtsprechung weniger eng auszulegen. Die Autorin eroertert, ob eine Schrankengeneralklausel als Auffangtatbestand durch AEnderung des europaischen Rechts geschaffen werden soll oder gar eine Vollharmonisierung der recht weit divergierenden Schrankendogmatik. Sie analysiert die daraus daraus erwachsende Problematik und bietet denkbare Loesungsansatze an.

Historically, critics of interracial, interfaith, and most recently same-sex marriage have invoked conscience and religious liberty to defend their objections, and often they have been accused of bigotry. Although denouncing and preventing bigotry is a shared political value with a long history, people disagree over who is a bigot and what makes a belief, attitude, or action bigoted. This is evident from the rejoinder that calling out bigotry is intolerant political correctness, even bigotry itself. In Who's the Bigot?, the eminent legal scholar Linda C. McClain traces the rhetoric of bigotry and conscience across a range of debates relating to marriage and antidiscrimination law. Is "bigotry" simply the term society gives to repudiated beliefs that now are beyond the pale? She argues that the differing views people hold about bigotry reflect competing understandings of what it means to be "on the wrong side of history" and the ways present forms of discrimination resemble or differ from past forms. Furthermore, McClain shows that bigotry has both a backward- and forward-looking dimension. We not only learn the meaning of bigotry by looking to the past, but we also use examples of bigotry, on which there is now consensus, as the basis for making new judgments about what does or does not constitute bigotry and coming to new understandings of both injustice and justice. By examining charges of bigotry and defenses based on conscience and religious belief in these debates, Who's the Bigot? makes a novel and timely contribution to our understanding of the relationship between religious liberty and discrimination in American life.

Die Ausfallhaftung, wonach die Gesellschafter einer GmbH fur eine nicht zu erzielende Einlageleistung eines Mitgesellschafters aufkommen mussen, stellt eine Besonderheit des GmbH-Rechts dar und ist seit Inkrafttreten des Gesetzes 1892 in diesem verankert. Wahrend das GmbH-Gesetz im Allgemeinen uber die Jahre grossraumige Veranderungen und Modernisierungen erfahren hat, blieb die Ausfallhaftung in ihrem Wortlaut stets unverandert. Die daraus resultierenden Systemunstimmigkeiten, Haftungsfragen und Anwendungsproblematiken untersucht die Autorin im ersten Teil dieses Buches. Anschliessend folgt eine rechtspolitische Betrachtung der Ausfallhaftung, welche vorrangig die Notwendigkeit der Ausfallhaftung im heutigen Kapitalaufbringungsschutzsytem zum Inhalt hat.

Since "Roe v. Wade," abortion has continued to be a divisive political issue in the United States. In contrast, it has remained primarily a medical issue in Britain and Canada despite the countries' shared heritage. "Doctors and Demonstrators" looks beyond simplistic cultural or religious explanations to find out why abortion politics and policies differ so dramatically in these otherwise similar countries. Drew Halfmann argues that political institutions are the key. In the United States, federalism, judicial review, and a private health care system contributed to the public definition of abortion as an individual right rather than a medical necessity. Meanwhile, Halfmann explains, the porous structure of American political parties gave pro-choice and pro-life groups the opportunity to move the issue onto the political agenda. A groundbreaking study of the complex legal and political factors behind the evolution of abortion policy, "Doctors and Demonstrators" will be vital for anyone trying to understand this contentious issue.

Nach der folgenschweren weltweiten Finanzkrise der Jahre 2007 bis 2009 ruckten internationale Ratingagenturen erstmals verstarkt in den Fokus der deutschen Rechtswissenschaft. Die massive Kritik an der Rolle der Ratingagenturen wahrend der Finanzkrise mundete in eine umfassende Regulierung von Ratingagenturen durch die EU-Ratingverordnung und den Dodd-Frank-Act. Der Autor erarbeitet eine Bestandsaufnahme der Regulierung von Ratingagenturen beidseits des Atlantiks. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt hier auf der regulatorischen Indienstnahme von Ratings und der zivilrechtlichen Haftung von Ratingagenturen. Der eingehenden Untersuchung von Art. 35a EU-Ratingverordnung und erster instanzgerichtlicher Rechtsprechung hierzu folgt ein Reformvorschlag zur Verbesserung des europaischen Haftungstatbestands fur Ratingagenturen.

That Every Man Be Armed, the first scholarly book on the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, has played a significant role in constitutional debate and litigation since it was first published in 1984. Halbrook traces the right to bear arms from ancient Greece and Rome to the English republicans, then to the American Revolution and Constitution, through the Reconstruction period extending the right to African Americans, and onward to today's controversies. With reviews of recent literature and court decisions, this new edition ensures that Halbrook's study remains the most comprehensive general work on the right to keep and bear arms.

Ist eine Personengesellschaft insolvent, sind es ihre Gesellschafter wegen der persoenlichen Haftung in der Regel auch. Durch die Doppelinsolvenz entstehen verschiedene Probleme, die zum Teil mit der Ausscheidensfolge, zum Teil mit dem Trennungsprinzip zu tun haben: Wie wirkt es sich etwa aus, wenn das Gesellschaftsinsolvenzverfahren eroeffnet ist und der vorletzte Gesellschafter insolvent wird - scheidet er aus und endet das Verfahren (weil die Gesellschaft erlischt)? Fraglich ist auch, ob fur alle Verfahren nur ein Insolvenzverwalter bestellt werden kann. Die Publikation fuhrt die Doppelinsolvenz auf einen einheitlichen Gedanken zuruck und entwickelt ausgehend von diesem Gedanken eine Loesung fur die einzelnen Abstimmungsprobleme.

In this study of literature and law from the Constitutional founding through the Civil War, Hoang Gia Phan demonstrates how American citizenship and civic culture were profoundly transformed by the racialized material histories of free, enslaved, and indentured labor. Bonds of Citizenship illuminates the historical tensions between the legal paradigms of citizenship and contract, and in the emergence of free labor ideology in American culture. Phan argues that in the age of Emancipation the cultural attributes of free personhood became identified with the legal rights and privileges of the citizen, and that individual freedom thus became identified with the nation-state. He situates the emergence of American citizenship and the American novel within the context of Atlantic slavery and Anglo-American legal culture, placing early American texts by Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, Benjamin Franklin, and Charles Brockden Brown alongside Black Atlantic texts by Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano. Beginning with a revisionary reading of the Constitution's "slavery clauses," Phan recovers indentured servitude as a transitional form of labor bondage that helped define the key terms of modern U.S. citizenship: mobility, volition, and contract. Bonds of Citizenship demonstrates how citizenship and civic culture were transformed by antebellum debates over slavery, free labor, and national Union, while analyzing the writings of Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville alongside a wide-ranging archive of lesser-known antebellum legal and literary texts in the context of changing conceptions of constitutionalism, property, and contract. Situated at the nexus of literary criticism, legal studies, and labor history, Bonds of Citizenship challenges the founding fiction of a pro-slavery Constitution central to American letters and legal culture.

An up-close account of policing during the Ferguson protests, providing insights from both police officers and members of the community Policing Unrest presents the frontline experiences of police officers during the intense three weeks of protest, vigils, looting, violence, and large civil demonstrations in and around Ferguson, Missouri, following the fatal shooting of Michael Brown by a police officer. Looking closely at the lived experiences of police officers and community residents, Tammy Rinehart Kochel raises important questions about police-community relations and the role of police as peacekeepers in support of social justice. Drawing on interviews with dozens of police personnel who policed the protests, Kochel offers insight into their shared experiences and provides compelling personal accounts of how they performed their jobs during the protest. The book covers a range of topics such as police-community relationships and community policing principles; how factors such as police subculture and organizational culture stacked up against social identity during this crisis; the role of an officer's characteristics, especially an officer's race, play in an officer's self-legitimacy; and the implications for police recruitment and training. Kochel's unique access allowed her to provide a balanced perspective on police officers' cynicism and public protests against police that were rampant in the year following Ferguson against the need to restore police-community relations and police legitimacy through increased transparency, accountability, and procedural justice. Policing Unrest explains how the Ferguson protests ushered in an era of police reform and reveals what it is like being a police officer facing public unrest, particularly in the wake of widely publicized incidents of police brutality around the country.

Die gegenstandliche Abhandlung uber die roemische "indignitas" bildet eine Antwort auf "Paul Koschakers" Aufruf zur dogmengeschichtlichen und rechtsvergleichenden Untersuchung einzelner privatrechtlicher Rechtsinstitute. Trotz der gemeinsamen rechtsdogmatischen Herkunft - dem roemisch-gemeinen Indignitatsrecht - prasentieren sich die Erbunwurdigkeitsbestimmungen der franzoesischen, oesterreichischen und deutschen Privatrechtskodifikationen als ein aus vielen einzelnen Elementen zusammengestelltes Mosaik. Dieser historisch orientierte Rechtsvergleich der Erbunwurdigkeit liefert einen Beitrag zum besseren Verstandnis der gegenwartig geltenden Erbunwurdigkeitsrechte. Er "blickt" uber den Tellerrand der Landesjurisprudenz, erklart die nationalen Umformulierungen des roemischen Erbunwurdigkeitsrechts und erforscht ihre Ursachen.

The Rights of Indians and Tribes, first published in 1983, has sold over 100,000 copies and is the most popular resource in the field of Federal Indian Law. The book, which explains this complex subject in a clear and easy-to-understand way, is particularly useful for tribal advocates, government officials, students, practitioners of Indian law, and the general public. Numerous tribal leaders highly recommend this book. Incorporating a user-friendly question-and-answer format, The Rights of Indians and Tribes addresses the most significant legal issues facing Indians and Indian tribes today, including tribal sovereignty, the federal trust responsibility, the regulation of non-Indians on reservations, Indian treaties, the Indian Civil Rights Act, the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, and the Indian Child Welfare Act. This fully-updated new edition features an introduction by John Echohawk, Executive Director of the Native American Rights Fund.

Das Buch behandelt die Frage des zulassigen Einsatzes sogenannter intelligenter Videouberwachungssysteme durch Private im oeffentlichen Raum am Massstab des 6b BDSG a.F. . Die Autorin befasst sich hierzu mit der systemkonformen Auslegung anhand des Grundgesetzes, der Charta der Grundrechte der Europaischen Union, der EMRK und der DSRL 95/46/EG sowie der Rechtsprechung der jeweiligen Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeiten. Sie zeigt auf, dass in einem Gefuge komplexer Wertentscheidungen angesichts des betroffenen Rechts auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung und der grundgesetzlichen Diskriminierungsverbote differenzierte Einzelfallabwagungen entlang eines aufgestellten Kriterienkataloges zu treffen sind. Das zu 6b BDSG a. F. entwickelte Ergebnis besteht auch vor 4 BDSG n. F. und der EU-DSGVO.