If constitutional legitimacy is based on violence, what does this mean for democracy? Almost every state in the world has a written constitution and, for the great majority, the constitution is the law that controls the organs of the state. But is a constitution the best device to rule a country? Western political systems tend to be 'constitutional democracies', dividing the system into a domain of politics, where the people rule, and a domain of law, set aside for a trained elite. Legal, political and constitutional practices demonstrate that constitutionalism and democracy seem to be irreconcilable. Antoni Abat i Ninet strives to resolve these apparently exclusive public and legal sovereignties, using their various avatars across the globe as case studies. He challenges the American constitutional experience that has dominated western constitutional thought as a quasi-religious doctrine. And he argues that human rights and democracy must strive to deactivate the 'invisible' but very real violence embedded in our seemingly sacrosanct constitutions. It challenges the legitimacy of constitutional systems. It reveals how constitutions are sometimes violently enforced. Provocative case studies show how Ninet's theory is played out in practice.

Dieser Band untersucht die Rechtsprechung des Bundesgerichtshofs zum Nachweis des subjektiven Tatbestands der Vorsatzanfechtung. Die Untersuchung setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, ob die Rechtsprechung des Bundesgerichtshofs insbesondere in den Fallgruppen der Anfechtung kongruenter Deckungen, der Anfechtung von Rechtshandlungen im Rahmen fehlgeschlagener Sanierungsbemuhungen und der Anfechtung bargeschaftsahnlicher Lagen zu sachgerechten Ergebnissen kommt oder ob eine Reform des Vorsatzanfechtungstatbestandes erforderlich ist.

About one-third of the world's population currently lives under pluri-legal systems where governments hold individuals subject to the purview of ethno-religious rather than national norms in respect to family law. How does the state-enforcement of these religious family laws impact fundamental rights and liberties? What resistance strategies do people employ in order to overcome the disabilities and limitations these religious laws impose upon their rights? Based on archival research, court observations and interviews with individuals from three countries, Yuksel Sezgin shows that governments have often intervened in order to impress a particular image of subjectivity upon a society, while people have constantly challenged the interpretive monopoly of courts and state-sanctioned religious institutions, re-negotiated their rights and duties under the law, and changed the system from within. He also identifies key lessons and best practices for the integration of universal human rights principles into religious legal systems.

Versicherungsunternehmen sind oft der Kritik ausgesetzt, durch ihr Verhalten Grundsatzurteile des BGH zu verhindern, weil sie das Revisionsverfahren (z.B. durch Anerkenntnis oder Rucknahme) beenden, nachdem sich abzeichnet, dass das Gericht eine andere Rechtsauffassung vertritt. Die Autorin untersucht, ob die Kritik daran gerechtfertigt ist. Ausgangspunkt der UEberlegungen ist, dass die prozessualen Rechte der Rucknahme und des Anerkenntnisses gesetzlich vorgesehene Rechte der Prozessparteien sind. Sie sind Ausfluss der Dispositionsmaxime. Andererseits wird die Dispositionsmaxime kraft gesetzlicher Anordnung etwa dort eingeschrankt, wo ein besonderes oeffentliches Interesse dem Recht des Einzelnen vorgehen muss. Diese UEberlegungen sind Anknupfungspunkt der Untersuchung, welche die massgeblichen gegenlaufigen Rechtspositionen - Dispositionsfreiheit und besonderes oeffentliches Interesse - darstellt und gewichtet.

Basic freedoms cannot be abandoned in times of conflict, or can they? Are basic freedoms routinely forsaken during times when there are national security concerns? These questions present different conundrums for the legal profession, which generally values basic freedoms but is also part of the architecture of emergency legal frameworks. Unleashing the Force of Law uses multi-jurisdiction empirical data and draws on cause lawyering, political lawyering and Bourdieusian juridical field literature to analyze the invocation of legal norms aimed at the protection of basic freedoms in times of national security tensions. It asks three main questions about the protection of basic freedoms. First, when do lawyers mobilize for the protection of basic freedoms? Second, in what kind of mobilization do they engage? Third, how do the strategies they adopt relate to the outcomes they achieve? Covering the last five decades, the book focusses on the 1980s and the Noughties through an analysis of legal work for two groups of independence seekers in the 1980s, namely, Republican (mostly Catholic) separatists in Northern Ireland and Puerto Rican separatists in the US, and on post-9/11 issues concerning basic freedoms in both countries

Crowdfunding ermoeglicht die Einwerbung von Finanzmitteln uber das Internet. Der Autor beantwortet die Frage, wie die Einwerbung von Finanzmitteln durch Crowdfunding rechtlich zu bewerten ist. Dazu untersucht er sowohl die zivilrechtlichen Grundlagen als auch die aufsichtsrechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen einer Mitteleinwerbung durch Crowdfunding. Die sich hierbei auftuenden Rechtsfragen werden anhand wesentlicher Fallgruppen einer grundlegenden Klarung zugefuhrt. Die Untersuchung beschrankt sich auf den deutschen Rechtsraum.

We live more and more of our lives online; we rely on the internet as we work, correspond with friends and loved ones, and go through a multitude of mundane activities like paying bills, streaming videos, reading the news, and listening to music. Without thinking twice, we operate with the understanding that the data that traces these activities will not be abused now or in the future. There is an abstract idea of privacy that we invoke, and, concrete rules about our privacy that we can point to if we are pressed. Nonetheless, too often we are uneasily reminded that our privacy is not invulnerable-the data tracks we leave through our health information, the internet and social media, financial and credit information, personal relationships, and public lives make us continuously prey to identity theft, hacking, and even government surveillance. A great deal is at stake for individuals, groups, and societies if privacy is misunderstood, misdirected, or misused. Popular understanding of privacy doesn't match the heat the concept generates, though understandably. With a host of cultural differences as to how privacy is understood globally and in different religions, and with ceaseless technological advancements, it is an increasingly slippery and complex topic. In this clear and accessible book, Leslie and John G. Francis guide us to an understanding of what privacy can mean and why it is so important. Drawing upon their extensive joint expertise in law, philosophy, political science, regulatory policy, and bioethics, they parse the consequences of the forfeiture, however great or small, of one's privacy.

The European Union is a supranational organisation with a set of circumscribed powers. Although these powers do not include an all-encompassing fundamental rights' mandate, today's existential challenges - from economic to refugee crisis, via concerns for compliance with the rule of law in some of its Member States - increase the pressure on the EU to develop tools for protection and promotion of such rights. One way of addressing the tension between the lack of a general mandate and vivid calls for protection is for the EU to focus on selected fundamental rights which it has competence to regulate. One such example is EU law on the fundamental right to equal treatment that has blossomed since the late 1990s. In developing selected fundamental right policies that can be imposed on domestic actors, as EU law does, supranational intervention needs to be carefully tailored to the plural landscape where they are intended to flourish. This monograph calls for a nuanced use of the infrastructure of EU law to convey shared values at domestic level across Europe.

Social tensions between majority and minority populations often center on claims that minorities are largely responsible for crime and disorder. Members of some disadvantaged groups in all developed countries, sometimes long-standing residents and other times recent immigrants, experience unwarranted disparities in their dealings with the criminal justice system. Accusations of unfair treatment by police and courts are common. The Oxford Handbook of Ethnicity, Crime, and Immigration provides comprehensive analyses of current knowledge about these and a host of related subjects. Topics include legal and illegal immigration, ethnic and race relations, and discrimination and exclusion, and their links to crime in the United States and elsewhere. Leading scholars from sociology, criminology, law, psychology, geography, and political science document and explore relations among race, ethnicity, immigration, and crime. Individual chapters provide in-depth critical overviews of key issues, controversies, and research. Contributors present the historical backdrops of their subjects, describe population characteristics, and summarize relevant data and research findings. Most articles provide synopses of racial, ethnic, immigration, and justice-related concerns and offer policy recommendations and proposals for future research. Some articles are case studies of particular problems in particular places, including juvenile incarceration, homicide, urban violence, social exclusion, and other issues disproportionately affecting disadvantaged minority groups. The Oxford Handbook of Ethnicity, Crime, and Immigration is the first major effort to examine and synthesize knowledge concerning immigration and crime, ethnicity and crime, and race and crime in one volume, and does so both for the United States and for many other countries.

Migrant Crossings examines the experiences and representations of Asian and Latina/o migrants trafficked in the United States into informal economies and service industries. Through sociolegal and media analysis of court records, press releases, law enforcement campaigns, film representations, theatre performances, and the law, Annie Isabel Fukushima questions how we understand victimhood, criminality, citizenship, and legality. Fukushima examines how migrants legally cross into visibility, through frames of citizenship, and narratives of victimhood. She explores the interdisciplinary framing of the role of the law and the legal system, the notion of "perfect victimhood", and iconic victims, and how trafficking subjects are resurrected for contemporary movements as illustrated in visuals, discourse, court records, and policy. Migrant Crossings deeply interrogates what it means to bear witness to migration in these migratory times-and what such migrant crossings mean for subjects who experience violence during or after their crossing.

More than merely describing the evolution of human rights and civil liberties law, this classic textbook provides students with detailed and thought-provoking coverage of the most crucial developments in the field, clearly explaining the law in context and practice. Updated throughout for this new edition, Fenwick on Civil Liberties and Human Rights considers a number of recent major changes in the law - in particular proposals to replace the Human Rights Act with a British Bill of Rights, and the Counter-Terrorism and Security Act 2015 - whilst also contextualising the impact of reforms on hate speech and contempt due to advances in new media. Comprehensive and authoritative, this textbook offers an essential resource for students on human rights or civil liberties courses, as well as a useful reference for students and scholars of UK Public Law.

How the United States can provide equal educational opportunity to every child The United States Supreme Court closed the courthouse door to federal litigation to narrow educational funding and opportunity gaps in schools when it ruled in San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez in 1973 that the Constitution does not guarantee a right to education. Rodriguez pushed reformers back to the state courts where they have had some success in securing reforms to school funding systems through education and equal protection clauses in state constitutions, but far less success in changing the basic structure of school funding in ways that would ensure access to equitable and adequate funding for schools. Given the limitations of state school funding litigation, education reformers continue to seek new avenues to remedy inequitable disparities in educational opportunity and achievement, including recently returning to federal court. This book is the first comprehensive examination of three issues regarding a federal right to education: why federal intervention is needed to close educational opportunity and achievement gaps; the constitutional and statutory legal avenues that could be employed to guarantee a federal right to education; and, the scope of what a federal right to education should guarantee. A Federal Right to Education provides a timely and thoughtful analysis of how the United States could fulfill its unmet promise to provide equal educational opportunity and the American Dream to every child, regardless of race, class, language proficiency, or neighborhood.

Advocates within the growing field of children's rights have designed dynamic campaigns to protect and promote children's rights. This expanding body of international law and jurisprudence, however, lacks a core text that provides an up-to-date look at current children's rights issues, the evolution of children's rights law, and the efficacy of efforts to protect children. Campaigning for Children focuses on contemporary children's rights, identifying the range of abuses that affect children today, including early marriage, female genital mutilation, child labor, child sex tourism, corporal punishment, the impact of armed conflict, and access to education. Jo Becker traces the last 25 years of the children's rights movement, including the evolution of international laws and standards to protect children from abuse and exploitation. From a practitioner's perspective, Becker provides readers with careful case studies of the organizations and campaigns that are making a difference in the lives of children, and the relevant strategies that have been successful-or not. By presenting a variety of approaches to deal with each issue, this book carefully teases out broader lessons for effective social change in the field of children's rights.

Surveillance of citizens is a clear manifestation of government power. The act of surveillance is generally deemed acceptable in a democratic society where it is necessary to protect the interests of the nation and where the power is exercised non-arbitrarily and in accordance with the law. Surveillance and the Law analyses the core features of surveillance that create stark challenges for transparency and accountability by examining the relationship between language, power, and surveillance. It identifies a number of features of surveillance law, surveillance language, and the distribution of power that perpetuate the existing surveillance paradigm. Using case studies from the US, the UK, and Ireland, it assesses the techniques used to maintain the status quo of continued surveillance expansion. These jurisdictions are selected for their similarities, but also for their key constitutional distinctions, which influence how power is distributed and restrained in the different systems. Though the book maintains that the classic principles of transparency and accountability remain the best means available to limit the arbitrary exercise of government power, it evaluates how these principles could be better realised in order to restore power to the people and to maintain an appropriate balance between government intrusion and the right to privacy. By identifying the common tactics used in the expansion of surveillance around the globe, this book will appeal to students and scholars interested in privacy law, human rights, information technology law, and surveillance studies.

Nach Rechtsprechung des Bundesgerichtshofs koennen Geldstrafen und Geldauflagen zugunsten der Staatskasse ( 153 a Abs. 1 S. 2 Nr. 2 Alt. 2 StPO) vom Insolvenzverwalter angefochten werden. Die Autorin zeigt auf, warum es bei Geldstrafen, Geldauflagen und geldwerten Bewahrungsauflagen nicht moeglich ist, das Strafverfahren nach Ruckzahlung zur Insolvenzmasse fortzusetzen (zum Beispiel durch Vollstreckung der Ersatzfreiheitstrafe in der Insolvenz, Widerruf der Strafaussetzung und nochmaliger Zahlung aus unpfandbarem Vermoegen). Die Insolvenzanfechtung von geldwerten Einstellungs- beziehungsweise Bewahrungsauflagen kann von Staatsanwaltschaft und Gericht durch Ausweichen auf andere, nicht auf Zahlung gerichtete Auflagen und Weisungen verhindert werden. Die Autorin zeigt, dass Alternativen zur Geldstrafe nicht bestehen.

The civil justice system is characterized by a distinct dispute resolution and law enforcement functions, although these functions are not always explicit and their relationship can be vague. People normally turn to this legal system to address an "unjust" situation they encounter. This makes civil justice both socially and economically important, as it may be driven by efficiency or access to justice concerns. The literature suggests that law reform has an uninspiring record in this field. This is because it has, largely, not been considered with a detailed, empirically informed evaluation of proposed solutions. This legal system is complex, and research in this field is correspondingly challenging, interesting, and important. Advancing Civil Justice Reform and Conflict Resolution in Africa and Asia: Comparative Analyses and Case Studies provides significant empirical research findings as well as theoretical reviews and frameworks on a wide array of issues within civil justice and the legal system. This includes topic areas such as access to justice and legal representation, the challenges to developing civil justice, courts and procedures, and civil justice reform. This book is valuable for lawyers, human rights lawyers, court officials, psychologists, social workers, sociologists, consultants, professionals, academicians, students, and researchers working in the field of law, socio-legal studies, sociology, anthropology, political science, social work, social policy, economics, and criminal justice, along with anyone seeking updated information on the current reforms and challenges within the civil justice and legal systems.

Dieses Buch befasst sich erstmals umfassend und systematisch mit der Kontofuhrung durch den (vorlaufigen) Insolvenzverwalter bzw. Sachwalter in den verschiedenen Stadien und Auspragungen des Insolvenzverfahrens. Der Autor stellt unter eingehender Analyse von Rechtsprechung und Literatur die rechtlichen Grundlagen sowie verschiedene, fur die Praxis besonders bedeutsame Detailfragen dar, etwa die Voraussetzungen fur die Nutzung von Treuhandkonten, Anderkonten und Schuldnerkonten als Verfahrenskonten. Weitere Schwerpunkte sind die Rechtsfolgen von Fehluberweisungen, Kontopfandungen oder einer Amtsnachfolge. Ein besonderes Augenmerk gilt den notwendigen Anordnungen des Insolvenzgerichts sowie der Rechtsstellung des (vorlaufigen) Sachwalters, insbesondere bei Ansichziehen der Kassenfuhrung.

Dieses Buch untersucht den Entherrschungsvertrag. Dieser zielt darauf ab, eine Beherrschung durch das herrschende Unternehmen aufgrund von Stimmrechts- und/oder Anteilsmehrheit zu beseitigen. Die Motivation zur Beseitigung der Beherrschung liegt darin, die weitreichenden Folgen der Beherrschung (Ausgleich von veranlassten Nachteilen durch das herrschende Unternehmen, Pflicht zur Aufstellung und Prufung eines Abhangigkeitsberichts auf Ebene des beherrschten Unternehmens u.a.) zu beseitigen. Der Autor arbeitet im Detail die inhaltlichen Anforderungen an einen Entherrschungsvertrag sowie die Frage der Mitwirkung der Gesellschafter der beteiligten Unternehmen heraus und stellt dem Leser abschliessend noch ein Vertragsmuster eines Entherrschungsvertrages zur Verfugung.

Die erbrechtliche Ausgleichung bezweckt die Gleichbehandlung von Abkoemmlingen hinsichtlich der Beteiligung am elterlichen Vermoegen. Die Auseinandersetzung des elterlichen Nachlasses erfolgt daher unter Berucksichtigung lebzeitiger Zuwendungen. Fur Kindesunterhaltsleistungen als obligatorische Leistungen kann die Ausgleichung grundsatzlich nicht angeordnet werden. Die Autorin zeigt, dass beim behinderungsbedingten Mehrbedarf eine Ausnahme zu machen ist. Dessen Ausgleichung kann genutzt werden, um den Pflichtteil des behinderten Abkoemmlings zu reduzieren und dadurch die Zugriffsmasse des Sozialleistungstragers zu verringern. Das Gestaltungsziel ist dabei dasselbe wie beim Behindertentestament.

This book contains a global comparative study of implementation and monitoring mechanisms for national disability strategies. It comprises a comparative study that was conducted at international, regional, and comparative country levels and that highlights critical success factors in implementing disability strategies or action plans worldwide. It explores emerging synergies between what is required to implement principles of international law contained in the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and what it is possible to achieve through national policy and systems development. A number of critical success factors for implementing and monitoring strategies are identified, including leadership from government and civil society, participation of disabled people in implementation and monitoring, transparency and accountability in reporting on progress, independent monitoring and external review, and the ability to measure progress with indicators of disability equality.

This book deals with human rights action planning, as a largely under-researched area, from theoretical, doctrinal, empirical, and practical perspectives, and as such, provides the most comprehensive studies of human rights planning to date. At the theoretical level, by advancing a novel general theory of human rights planning, it offers an alternative to the traditional state-centric model of planning. This new theory contains four sub-theories: contextual, substantive, procedural, and analytical ones. At the doctrinal level, by conducting a textual analysis of core human rights conventions, it reveals the scope and nature of the states' obligation to adopt a plan of action for implementing human rights. At the empirical level, a cross-case analysis of national human rights action plans of 53 countries is conducted exploring the major problems of these plans in different phases of planning and uncovering the underlying causes of these problems. At the practical level, this volume sets out how these plans should be developed and implemented, how they can be best monitored by international human rights bodies, and how to maximize their effectiveness. With discussions bridging human rights theory and practice and development discourse, this book will be a useful resource for a wide range of audiences, from academics of different disciplines (law, human rights, social policy, political science, political philosophy, legal philosophy, development studies, planning studies, socio-legal studies) to governments, human rights practitioners, and the UN human rights bodies.

Dieses Buch widmet sich Rechtsfragen der Unternehmensbewertung. Hierzu gibt die Autorin zunachst einen UEberblick uber die diversen Unternehmensbewertungsanlasse und Bewertungsverfahren. Ferner stellt sie die Entwicklung der Unternehmensbewertung in der Rechtsprechung dar. Schliesslich untersucht sie anhand von zwei Bewertungsanlassen, ob es eine allgemeingultige, fur alle Bewertungsanlasse geeignete Bewertungsmethode gibt. Die Autorin kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass es eine solche Bewertungsmethode nicht gibt. Stattdessen lasse sich fur jeden Bewertungsanlass eine "richtige" Bewertungsmethode festlegen, die dem jeweiligen Normzweck am besten gerecht werde.

Der Autor untersucht, ob der Rechtsschutz im Schiedsverfahren gegenuber dem Rechtsschutz vor staatlichen Gerichten gleichwertig ist. Hierzu stellt er detailliert dar, ob und inwiefern in den jeweiligen Phasen des Schiedsverfahrens eine UEberprufung der schiedsgerichtlichen Entscheidungen moeglich ist und hinterfragt, ob der jeweilige Rechtsschutz ausreichend ist. Das Buch zeigt auf, dass fur das Rechtsschutzsystem die Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit zwingend erforderlich ist, gleichwohl aber die Schiedsgerichtsbarkeit auf die Unterstutzungs- und Kontrolltatigkeit der staatlichen Gerichte angewiesen ist.