Church and state: a simple phrase that reflects one of the most famous and fraught relationships in the history of the United States. But what exactly is "the church," and how is it understood in US law today? In Church State Corporation, religion and law scholar Winnifred Fallers Sullivan uncovers the deeply ambiguous and often unacknowledged ways in which Christian theology remains alive and at work in the American legal imagination. Through readings of the opinions of the US Supreme Court and other legal texts, Sullivan shows how "the church" as a religious collective is granted special privilege in US law. In-depth analyses of Hosanna-Tabor v. EEOC and Burwell v. Hobby Lobby reveal that the law tends to honor the religious rights of the group-whether in the form of a church, as in Hosanna-Tabor, or in corporate form, as in Hobby Lobby-over the rights of the individual, offering corporate religious entities an autonomy denied to their respective members. In discussing the various communities that construct the "church-shaped space" in American law, Sullivan also delves into disputes over church property, the legal exploitation of the black church in the criminal justice system, and the recent case of Masterpiece Cakeshop v. Colorado Civil Rights Commission. Brimming with insight, Church State Corporation provocatively challenges our most basic beliefs about the ties between religion and law in ostensibly secular democracies.

To have a nationality is a human right. But between the nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries, virtually every country in the world adopted laws that stripped citizenship from women who married foreign men. Despite the resulting hardships and even statelessness experienced by married women, it took until 1957 for the international community to condemn the practice, with the adoption of the United Nations Convention on the Nationality of Married Women. Citizenship, Alienage, and the Modern Constitutional State tells the important yet neglected story of marital denaturalization from a comparative perspective. Examining denaturalization laws and their impact on women around the world, with a focus on Australia, Britain, Canada, Ireland, New Zealand and the United States, it advances a concept of citizenship as profoundly personal and existential. In doing so, it sheds light on both a specific chapter of legal history and the theory of citizenship in general.

Written by a respected authority on human rights and public health, this book delivers an in-depth review of the challenges of neoliberal models and policies for realizing the right to health. The author expertly explores the integration of social determinants into the right to health along with the methodologies and findings of social medicine and epidemiology. The author goes on to challenge the way that health care is currently provided and makes the case that achieving universal health coverage will require fundamental health systems reforms.

The Fourth Amendment is facing a crisis. New and emerging surveillance technologies allow government agents to track us wherever we go, to monitor our activities online and offline, and to gather massive amounts of information relating to our financial transactions, communications, and social contacts. In addition, traditional police methods like stop-and-frisk have grown out of control, subjecting hundreds of thousands of innocent citizens to routine searches and seizures. In this work, David Gray uncovers the original meaning of the Fourth Amendment to reveal how its historical guarantees of collective security against threats of 'unreasonable searches and seizures' can provide concrete solutions to the current crisis. This important work should be read by anyone concerned with the ongoing viability of one of the most important constitutional rights in an age of increasing government surveillance.

US intelligence agencies - the eponymous American spies - are exceedingly aggressive, pushing and sometimes bursting through the technological, legal and political boundaries of lawful surveillance. Written for a general audience by a surveillance law expert, this book educates readers about how the reality of modern surveillance differs from popular understanding. Weaving the history of American surveillance - from J. Edgar Hoover through the tragedy of September 11th to the fusion centers and mosque infiltrators of today - the book shows that mass surveillance and democracy are fundamentally incompatible. Granick shows how surveillance law has fallen behind while surveillance technology has given American spies vast new powers. She skillfully guides the reader through proposals for reining in massive surveillance with the ultimate goal of surveillance reform.

Women's reproduction, including conception, pregnancy, childbirth, breastfeeding, and other physical acts of motherhood (as well as the rejection of those roles), played a critical role in the evolution and management of Cuba's population. While existing scholarship has approached Cuba's demographic history through the lens of migration, both forced and voluntary, Race and Reproduction in Cuba challenges this male-normative perspective by centering women in the first book-length history of reproduction in Cuba. Bonnie A. Lucero traces women's reproductive lives, as well as key medical, legal, and institutional interventions influencing them, over four centuries. Her study begins in the early colonial period with the emergence of the island's first charitable institutions dedicated to relieving poor women and abandoned white infants. The book's centerpiece is the long nineteenth century, when elite interventions in women's reproduction hinged not only on race but also legal status. It ends in 1965 when Cuba's nascent revolutionary government shifted away from enforcing antiabortion laws that had historically targeted impoverished women of color. Questioning how elite demographic desires-specifically white population growth and nonwhite population management-shaped women's reproduction, Lucero argues that elite men, including judges, physicians, philanthropists, and public officials, intervened in women's reproductive lives in racially specific ways. Lucero examines how white supremacy shaped tangible differences in the treatment of women and their infants across racial lines and outlines how those reproductive outcomes were crucial in sustaining racial hierarchies through moments of tremendous political, economic, and social change.

Although over 100 countries have developed data privacy laws, there is a lack of expert guidance on these laws. This text examines the fundamental aims and principles of data privacy law, along with the mechanisms for its enforcement in an international context. Bygrave analyses relevant law from around the globe, paying particular attention to international instruments and using these as a foundation for examining national law. He also places data privacy law within a broader legal and political framework, focusing upon its interrelation with related fields, such as human rights, administrative law, and, intellectual property rights.

Dieses Buch fuhrt der Diskussion um die Wahl der "richtigen" Rechtsform fur ein Universitatsklinikum neue dogmatische Substanz zu. Gegenstand der Arbeit ist die Darstellung des bestehenden Kompetenzgeflechts zwischen Universitat und Land aufgrund der gesetzlich verankerten Aufgabengewahrleistung von Forschung, Lehre und Krankenversorgung. Moegliche Rechtsformen eines Universitatsklinikums und Optimierungsmoeglichkeiten werden aufgezeigt. Die Autorin richtet ihr Augenmerk auch auf das seit 2006 materiell privatisierte Universitatsklinikum Marburg/Giessen. Sie kommt unter anderem zu dem Ergebnis, dass der hoheitliche Auftrag der Aufgabengewahrleistung in einer oeffentlich-rechtlichen Rechtsform erfolgreicher durchzusetzen ist.

Die Arbeit untersucht die Wirkungsweise des "allgemeinen" verbraucherschutzenden Widerrufsrechts gemass 355 BGB einschliesslich ihrer rechtspolitischen, verfahrensrechtlichen und praktischen Bezuge. Diese Wirkungsweise ist nach der Integration fast des gesamten Verbraucherprivatrechts in das BGB durch die Schuldrechtsreform von massgebender Bedeutung fur alle "besonderen" Widerrufsrechte, die innerhalb wie ausserhalb des BGB auf 355 BGB verweisen. Im Mittelpunkt der Untersuchung steht das Anliegen, die normative Funktionsweise der verbraucherschutzenden Widerrufsrechte ausgehend von der Verbrauchererklarung als ausschliessliches widerrufsrechtliches Bezugsobjekt zu erklaren. Im Rahmen der Darstellung der hoechst komplexen Rechtslage der Widerrufsrechte im europaischen und deutschen Verbraucherschutzrecht behandelt der Autor auch Grundsatzfragen des Problemkomplexes "Europaisches Verbraucherschutzrecht und BGB".

Equality and Discrimination Law in Australia: An Introduction explores four decades of anti-discrimination laws in Australia. Beth Gaze and Belinda Smith argue that effective laws protecting against and deterring discrimination are vital for a fair future, and emphasise the theoretical and social contexts that underpin this area of the law. The text is divided into three sections: the first addresses the social and conceptual context, history and framework of anti-discrimination laws; the second analyses the main elements of the law and the processes of enforcement; and the third explores broader avenues for pursuing equality beyond simply prohibiting discrimination. Written in a clear and concise style, Equality and Discrimination Law in Australia: An Introduction is a vital resource for students.

While discrimination in the workplace is often perceived to be undertaken at the hands of individual or 'rogue' employees acting against the better interest of their employers, the truth is often the opposite: organizations are inciting discrimination through the work environments that they create. Worse, the law increasingly ignores this reality and exacerbates the problem. In this groundbreaking book, Tristin K. Green describes the process of discrimination laundering, showing how judges are changing the law to protect employers, and why. By bringing organizations back into the discussion of discrimination, with real-world stories and extensive social-science research, Green shows how organizational and legal efforts to minimize discrimination - usually by policing individuals over broader organizational change - are taking us in the wrong direction, and how the law could do better, by creating incentives for organizational efforts that are likely to minimize discrimination, instead of inciting it.

Die Moeglichkeit, im klassischen roemischen Recht Unmundigen und Frauen auf behoerdlichem Weg einen Vormund zu bestellen, geht auf die lex Atilia und die lex Iulia et Titia zuruck. Diese Vormundschaftsgesetze sind der Nachwelt jedoch nicht erhalten. Die Autorin rekonstruiert einzelne Klauseln unter besonderer Berucksichtigung des sie pragenden sozio-kulturellen Rahmens. Als Grundlage dient hierbei das bekannte Phanomen der Verwendung sogenannter Spolien, also die UEbernahme von Fragmenten aus alteren Gesetzen bei der Abfassung von neuen Gesetzen. So koennen aus den uberlieferten normativen Quellen zur tutela decretalis einzelne Textteile, deren Ursprung sowohl in der lex Atilia als auch in der lex Iulia et Titia zu vermuten ist, gewonnen werden.

Der Verein Fundare e.V., Gemeinnutziger Verein zur Foerderung des Stiftungswesens hat es sich zum Ziel gesetzt, zu einer aufbluhenden Stiftungskultur in Deutschland beizutragen. Dazu sollen insbesondere die wissenschaftlichen und praktischen Grundlagen des Stiftens erforscht werden. Der Erfullung dieser Aufgabe dient die Zeitschrift Die Stiftung - Jahreshefte zum Stiftungswesen. Sie beinhaltet in ihrer siebten Ausgabe vor allem die Vortrage, die auf dem von Fundare e.V. veranstalteten 7. Stiftungsrechtstag an der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum gehalten wurden. Daruber hinaus haben noch weitere Beitrage Aufnahme gefunden. Es werden nicht nur eingehend zivilrechtliche, sondern auch verwaltungs- und steuerrechtliche Problematiken des Stiftungsrechts beleuchtet. Der Schwerpunkt liegt hierbei auf der Wurdigung der letztjahrigen Entwicklungen im Stiftungsrecht durch die Stiftungsrechtsreform 2002, wobei auch die aktuell viel diskutierten Themen im Stiftungs- und Stiftungssteuerrecht nicht vernachlassigt werden.

Is judicial review an effective and appropriate way to regulate counter-terrorism measures? Some argue that the judiciary is ill-equipped to examine such measures, for instance because they lack the expertise of the institutions which bring them about under exigent conditions. Others claim that subjecting counter-terrorism measures to judicial review is crucial for maintaining a jurisdiction's principles of constitutionalism. This volume brings together voices from all sides of the debate from a broad range of jurisdictions, from North America, Europe and Australasia. It does not attempt to 'resolve' the argument but rather to explore it in all its dimensions. The debates are essentially concerned with fundamental questions of organising and making accountable the exercise of power in a particularly challenging environment. The book is necessary reading for all those concerned with counter-terrorism, but also with broader public law, constitutional law and administrative law principles.

This collection of seminal essays by David Little addresses the subject of human rights in relation to the historical settings in which its language was drafted and adopted. Featuring five original essays, Little articulates his long-standing view that fascist practices before and during World War II vivified the wrongfulness of deliberately inflicting severe pain, injury, and destruction for self-serving purposes and that the human rights corpus, developed in response, was designed to outlaw all practices of arbitrary force. Drawing on the natural rights tradition, the book contends that while there must be an accountable human rights standard, it should nevertheless guarantee wide latitude for the expression and practice of religious and other conscientious beliefs, consistent with outlawing arbitrary force. This book further details the theoretical grounds of the relationship between religion and human rights, and concludes with essays on U.S. policy and the restraint of force in regard to terrorism and to cases like Vietnam, Afghanistan, and Pakistan. With a foreword by John Kelsey, this book stands as a capstone of the work of this influential writer on religion, philosophy, and law.

Freedom's Edge takes the reader directly into the heart of the debate over the relationship between religious freedom and LGBT and reproductive rights. The book explains these complex areas of law, and what is at stake in the battle to protect each of these rights. The book argues that religious freedom and sexual freedom share some common elements and that in most contexts it is possible to protect both. Freedom's Edge explains why this is so, and provides a roadmap for finding common ground and maximizing freedoms on both sides. The book will enable anyone with an interest in these issues to understand what the law actually teaches us about religious freedom, sexual freedom, and how they interact. This is important because what is often argued by partisans on both sides distorts the legal and cultural stakes, and diminishes the possibility of compromise.

Dieses Buch widmet sich Rechtsfragen der Unternehmensbewertung. Hierzu gibt die Autorin zunachst einen UEberblick uber die diversen Unternehmensbewertungsanlasse und Bewertungsverfahren. Ferner stellt sie die Entwicklung der Unternehmensbewertung in der Rechtsprechung dar. Schliesslich untersucht sie anhand von zwei Bewertungsanlassen, ob es eine allgemeingultige, fur alle Bewertungsanlasse geeignete Bewertungsmethode gibt. Die Autorin kommt zu dem Ergebnis, dass es eine solche Bewertungsmethode nicht gibt. Stattdessen lasse sich fur jeden Bewertungsanlass eine "richtige" Bewertungsmethode festlegen, die dem jeweiligen Normzweck am besten gerecht werde.

Far from being a mediaeval practice eradicated in modern times, torture continues to thrive the world over, mostly in places where people are deprived of their liberty, but also elsewhere. Nowhere are people totally free from the risk of torture and other ill-treatment, whether directly by officials or through official complicity, inaction or failure. This manual outlines the safeguards that exist in international law to protect people against torture, and gives examples of successful campaigning techniques to put an end to torture. It covers the human rights standards that apply at every stage from arrest and detention to trial and imprisonment. It outlines the key steps that governments and campaigners can take to end torture and other ill treatment and gives ideas for activism based on Amnesty's own tried and tested methods.Main Points* A vital one-stop resource for information on the prevention of torture* Outlines the key steps that governments and campaigners can take to end heinous abuse of torture and other ill treatments. * Provides detailed information on legal safeguards* Offers ideas for activism based on Amnesty's own tried and tested methods. * Of use to anyone working to expose and combat torture and other ill-treatment, including human rights defenders, lawyers, judges, law enforcement officers and other public officials, legislators, health professionals and the media.

Is the neglect of economic, social and cultural abuses in international criminal law a problem of positive international law or the result of choices made by lawyers involved in mechanisms such as criminal prosecutions or truth commissions? Evelyne Schmid explores this question via an assessment of the relationship between violations of economic, social and cultural rights and international crimes. Based on a thorough examination of the elements of international crimes, she demonstrates how a situation can simultaneously be described as a violation of economic, social and cultural rights and as an international crime. Against the background of the emerging debates on selectivity in international criminal law and the role of socio-economic and cultural abuses in transitional justice, she argues that international crimes overlapping with violations of economic, social and cultural rights deserve to be taken seriously, for much the same reasons as other international crimes.

Die Arbeit befasst sich mit den wesentlichen Rechtsfragen, die sich im Zusammenhang mit der Leistungsbeschreibung in Softwareerstellungsprojekten ergeben koennen. Der Autor beleuchtet insbesondere die Konstellationen, in denen es an einer vertraglichen Regelung fehlt und daher auf die gesetzlichen Regelungen sowie auf allgemeine Rechtsgrundsatze zuruckzugreifen ist. Im Rahmen der Untersuchung setzt sich der Autor dabei intensiv mit der zum jeweiligen Problemfeld ergangenen Rechtsprechung auseinander. Er gelangt zu dem Ergebnis, dass viele Urteilsbegrundungen aus dogmatischer Sicht kritikwurdig sind und zeigt alternative Loesungswege auf.

One of the most remarkable aspects pertaining to the legal bans and societal debates on the face veil in Europe is that they rely on assumptions which lack any factual basis. To rectify this, Eva Brems researched the experiences of women who wear a face veil in Belgium and brought her research results together with those of colleagues who did the same in four other European countries. Their findings, which are outlined in this volume, move the current discussion on face veil bans forward by providing a much-needed insider perspective. In addition, a number of legal and social science scholars comment on the empirical findings and on the face veil issue more generally.

Der Autor setzt sich mit dem Streitgegenstandsbegriff in Wettbewerbs- und Kennzeichenverfahren auseinander. Er zeigt einen Loesungsansatz fur die Folgeprobleme auf, die hervorgerufen wurden, als der BGH unter Abkehr von der vorherigen Praxis mit seinem "TUEV I"-Beschluss im Jahr 2011 die alternative Klagehaufung auch in wettbewerbs- und kennzeichenrechtlichen Prozessen fur unzulassig erklarte. Er erlautert eine alternative Streitgegenstandsabgrenzung, welche sich an den Lehren von Georgiades und Henckel orientiert. Dabei stellt er - anders als derzeit uberwiegend vertreten - nicht auf sachverhaltliche Kriterien, sondern auf die Konkurrenzverhaltnisse der zur Begrundung des Unterlassungsbegehrens vorgebrachten materiell-rechtlichen Anspruche ab.