Nach der folgenschweren weltweiten Finanzkrise der Jahre 2007 bis 2009 ruckten internationale Ratingagenturen erstmals verstarkt in den Fokus der deutschen Rechtswissenschaft. Die massive Kritik an der Rolle der Ratingagenturen wahrend der Finanzkrise mundete in eine umfassende Regulierung von Ratingagenturen durch die EU-Ratingverordnung und den Dodd-Frank-Act. Der Autor erarbeitet eine Bestandsaufnahme der Regulierung von Ratingagenturen beidseits des Atlantiks. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt hier auf der regulatorischen Indienstnahme von Ratings und der zivilrechtlichen Haftung von Ratingagenturen. Der eingehenden Untersuchung von Art. 35a EU-Ratingverordnung und erster instanzgerichtlicher Rechtsprechung hierzu folgt ein Reformvorschlag zur Verbesserung des europaischen Haftungstatbestands fur Ratingagenturen.

That Every Man Be Armed, the first scholarly book on the Second Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, has played a significant role in constitutional debate and litigation since it was first published in 1984. Halbrook traces the right to bear arms from ancient Greece and Rome to the English republicans, then to the American Revolution and Constitution, through the Reconstruction period extending the right to African Americans, and onward to today's controversies. With reviews of recent literature and court decisions, this new edition ensures that Halbrook's study remains the most comprehensive general work on the right to keep and bear arms.

Ist eine Personengesellschaft insolvent, sind es ihre Gesellschafter wegen der persoenlichen Haftung in der Regel auch. Durch die Doppelinsolvenz entstehen verschiedene Probleme, die zum Teil mit der Ausscheidensfolge, zum Teil mit dem Trennungsprinzip zu tun haben: Wie wirkt es sich etwa aus, wenn das Gesellschaftsinsolvenzverfahren eroeffnet ist und der vorletzte Gesellschafter insolvent wird - scheidet er aus und endet das Verfahren (weil die Gesellschaft erlischt)? Fraglich ist auch, ob fur alle Verfahren nur ein Insolvenzverwalter bestellt werden kann. Die Publikation fuhrt die Doppelinsolvenz auf einen einheitlichen Gedanken zuruck und entwickelt ausgehend von diesem Gedanken eine Loesung fur die einzelnen Abstimmungsprobleme.

In this study of literature and law from the Constitutional founding through the Civil War, Hoang Gia Phan demonstrates how American citizenship and civic culture were profoundly transformed by the racialized material histories of free, enslaved, and indentured labor. Bonds of Citizenship illuminates the historical tensions between the legal paradigms of citizenship and contract, and in the emergence of free labor ideology in American culture. Phan argues that in the age of Emancipation the cultural attributes of free personhood became identified with the legal rights and privileges of the citizen, and that individual freedom thus became identified with the nation-state. He situates the emergence of American citizenship and the American novel within the context of Atlantic slavery and Anglo-American legal culture, placing early American texts by Hector St. John de Crevecoeur, Benjamin Franklin, and Charles Brockden Brown alongside Black Atlantic texts by Ottobah Cugoano and Olaudah Equiano. Beginning with a revisionary reading of the Constitution's "slavery clauses," Phan recovers indentured servitude as a transitional form of labor bondage that helped define the key terms of modern U.S. citizenship: mobility, volition, and contract. Bonds of Citizenship demonstrates how citizenship and civic culture were transformed by antebellum debates over slavery, free labor, and national Union, while analyzing the writings of Frederick Douglass and Herman Melville alongside a wide-ranging archive of lesser-known antebellum legal and literary texts in the context of changing conceptions of constitutionalism, property, and contract. Situated at the nexus of literary criticism, legal studies, and labor history, Bonds of Citizenship challenges the founding fiction of a pro-slavery Constitution central to American letters and legal culture.

Far from being a mediaeval practice eradicated in modern times, torture continues to thrive the world over, mostly in places where people are deprived of their liberty, but also elsewhere. Nowhere are people totally free from the risk of torture and other ill-treatment, whether directly by officials or through official complicity, inaction or failure. This manual outlines the safeguards that exist in international law to protect people against torture, and gives examples of successful campaigning techniques to put an end to torture. It covers the human rights standards that apply at every stage from arrest and detention to trial and imprisonment. It outlines the key steps that governments and campaigners can take to end torture and other ill treatment and gives ideas for activism based on Amnesty's own tried and tested methods.Main Points* A vital one-stop resource for information on the prevention of torture* Outlines the key steps that governments and campaigners can take to end heinous abuse of torture and other ill treatments. * Provides detailed information on legal safeguards* Offers ideas for activism based on Amnesty's own tried and tested methods. * Of use to anyone working to expose and combat torture and other ill-treatment, including human rights defenders, lawyers, judges, law enforcement officers and other public officials, legislators, health professionals and the media.

An up-close account of policing during the Ferguson protests, providing insights from both police officers and members of the community Policing Unrest presents the frontline experiences of police officers during the intense three weeks of protest, vigils, looting, violence, and large civil demonstrations in and around Ferguson, Missouri, following the fatal shooting of Michael Brown by a police officer. Looking closely at the lived experiences of police officers and community residents, Tammy Rinehart Kochel raises important questions about police-community relations and the role of police as peacekeepers in support of social justice. Drawing on interviews with dozens of police personnel who policed the protests, Kochel offers insight into their shared experiences and provides compelling personal accounts of how they performed their jobs during the protest. The book covers a range of topics such as police-community relationships and community policing principles; how factors such as police subculture and organizational culture stacked up against social identity during this crisis; the role of an officer's characteristics, especially an officer's race, play in an officer's self-legitimacy; and the implications for police recruitment and training. Kochel's unique access allowed her to provide a balanced perspective on police officers' cynicism and public protests against police that were rampant in the year following Ferguson against the need to restore police-community relations and police legitimacy through increased transparency, accountability, and procedural justice. Policing Unrest explains how the Ferguson protests ushered in an era of police reform and reveals what it is like being a police officer facing public unrest, particularly in the wake of widely publicized incidents of police brutality around the country.

Die gegenstandliche Abhandlung uber die roemische "indignitas" bildet eine Antwort auf "Paul Koschakers" Aufruf zur dogmengeschichtlichen und rechtsvergleichenden Untersuchung einzelner privatrechtlicher Rechtsinstitute. Trotz der gemeinsamen rechtsdogmatischen Herkunft - dem roemisch-gemeinen Indignitatsrecht - prasentieren sich die Erbunwurdigkeitsbestimmungen der franzoesischen, oesterreichischen und deutschen Privatrechtskodifikationen als ein aus vielen einzelnen Elementen zusammengestelltes Mosaik. Dieser historisch orientierte Rechtsvergleich der Erbunwurdigkeit liefert einen Beitrag zum besseren Verstandnis der gegenwartig geltenden Erbunwurdigkeitsrechte. Er "blickt" uber den Tellerrand der Landesjurisprudenz, erklart die nationalen Umformulierungen des roemischen Erbunwurdigkeitsrechts und erforscht ihre Ursachen.

The Rights of Indians and Tribes, first published in 1983, has sold over 100,000 copies and is the most popular resource in the field of Federal Indian Law. The book, which explains this complex subject in a clear and easy-to-understand way, is particularly useful for tribal advocates, government officials, students, practitioners of Indian law, and the general public. Numerous tribal leaders highly recommend this book. Incorporating a user-friendly question-and-answer format, The Rights of Indians and Tribes addresses the most significant legal issues facing Indians and Indian tribes today, including tribal sovereignty, the federal trust responsibility, the regulation of non-Indians on reservations, Indian treaties, the Indian Civil Rights Act, the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act, and the Indian Child Welfare Act. This fully-updated new edition features an introduction by John Echohawk, Executive Director of the Native American Rights Fund.

Das Buch behandelt die Frage des zulassigen Einsatzes sogenannter intelligenter Videouberwachungssysteme durch Private im oeffentlichen Raum am Massstab des 6b BDSG a.F. . Die Autorin befasst sich hierzu mit der systemkonformen Auslegung anhand des Grundgesetzes, der Charta der Grundrechte der Europaischen Union, der EMRK und der DSRL 95/46/EG sowie der Rechtsprechung der jeweiligen Verfassungsgerichtsbarkeiten. Sie zeigt auf, dass in einem Gefuge komplexer Wertentscheidungen angesichts des betroffenen Rechts auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung und der grundgesetzlichen Diskriminierungsverbote differenzierte Einzelfallabwagungen entlang eines aufgestellten Kriterienkataloges zu treffen sind. Das zu 6b BDSG a. F. entwickelte Ergebnis besteht auch vor 4 BDSG n. F. und der EU-DSGVO.

'A fascinating insider account' Grace Blakeley British democracy is on trial. We can no longer hold our leaders to account; the state has too much power; and the truth doesn't matter at all. Those we voted into government have nothing but contempt for the democratic system that got them there. When the Prime Minister illegally prorogued Parliament, barrister Sam Fowles was part of the team that took him to court, and won. The scenes of the police violently restraining women at a vigil for Sarah Everard shook the nation. In a high-profile parliamentary inquiry, Fowles proved the Met's actions fundamentally breached our right to protest. For decades, the Post Office pursued criminal prosecutions against its own employees, knowing the evidence was dodgy all along. Fowles helped reveal the rot at the heart of a trusted national institution. We shouldn't have to take our rulers to court just to get them to follow the rules. At a crucial juncture for British governance, Fowles urges us not to take our freedoms for granted.

This book strikes a balance between international sporting governing bodies' interests and values enshrined in rules regarding sporting nationality on one hand, and athletes' rights under EU law on the other. It argues that some rules governing athletes' eligibility in national teams in their current form, notably certain waiting periods, quotas for naturalised athletes or athletes having previously played for another country, and rules prohibiting the change of sporting nationality, constitute a disproportionate restriction on athletes' rights under EU citizenship, free movement of persons, competition law or fundamental rights. Accordingly, the book subsequently presents concrete recommendations for international sporting governing bodies on how to reconcile their interests and values with the rights that athletes enjoy under EU law. As such, it offers an essential guide for these bodies and their representatives, as well as for athletes, academics and practitioners in the fields of law and sports.

Die vorliegende Publikation ist der Analyse des geltenden Mediationsrechts gewidmet. Der Fokus ruht hierbei auf dem Mediationsgesetz und den entsprechenden zivilverfahrensrechtlichen Regelungen, insbesondere zum Guterichterverfahren. Dabei werden Unklarheiten beseitigt, die sich aus dem Gesetzestext selbst oder durch Interaktionen mit anderen Gesetzen ergeben. Der Autor setzt sich zudem mit der Verfassungsmassigkeit der sogenannten gerichtsinternen Mediation, wie sie in Modellversuchen von Gerichten in der Vergangenheit praktiziert wurde, auseinander.

Why does a country with religious liberty enmeshed in its legal and social structures produce such overt prejudice and discrimination against Muslims? Sahar Aziz's groundbreaking book demonstrates how race and religion intersect to create what she calls the Racial Muslim. Comparing discrimination against immigrant Muslims with the prejudicial treatment of Jews, Catholics, Mormons, and African American Muslims during the twentieth century, Aziz explores the gap between America's aspiration for and fulfillment of religious freedom. With America's demographics rapidly changing from a majority white Protestant nation to a multiracial, multireligious society, this book is an in dispensable read for understanding how our past continues to shape our present-to the detriment of our nation's future.

All of us are entitled to the protections of law against violence, to a high quality education, to decent employment that respects our dignity, and to necessary assistance with our caregiving. Our civil rights are our rights to the protections of ordinary law - not constitutional law, and not only antidiscrimination law - that will ensure that we can participate in civil society, and hence lead flourishing lives. In this innovative work, Robin L. West looks back to nineteenth-century Civil Rights Acts to argue that the point of civil rights law is not only non-discrimination, but also to assure that all of us receive the protection of legal rights that promote human flourishing. Since the 1960s, Supreme Court decisions on civil rights issues have focused on non-discrimination and thus have 'hollowed out' this broader meaning of civil rights law. This book reconceives civil rights as a set of legal guarantees that all will be included in the legal, political, economic and social projects central to civil society.

Four cases in which the legal issue was "race" -- that of a Chinese restaurant owner who was fined for employing a white woman; a black man who was refused service in a bar; a Jew who wanted to buy a cottage but was prevented by the property owners' association; and a Trinidadian of East Indian descent who was acceptable to the Canadian army but was rejected for immigration on grounds of "race" -- drawn from the period between 1914 and 1955, are intimately examined to explore the role of the Supreme Court of Canada and the law in the racialization of Canadian society. With painstaking research into contemporary attitudes and practices, Walker demonstrates that Supreme Court Justices were expressing the prevailing "common sense" about "race" in their legal decisions. He shows that injustice on the grounds of "race" has been chronic in Canadian history, and that the law itself was once instrumental in creating these circumstances. The book concludes with a controversial discussion of current directions in Canadian law and their potential impact on Canada's future as a multicultural society.

Human Rights and the Judicialisation of African Politics shows readers how central questions in African politics have entered courtrooms over the last three decades, and provides the first transnational explanation for this development. The book begins with three conditions that have made judicialisation possible in Africa as a whole; new corporate rights norms (including the expansion of indigenous rights), the proliferation of new avenues for legal proceedings, and the development of new support structures enabling litigation. It then studies the effects of these changes based on fieldwork in three Southern African countries - Zimbabwe, Namibia and Botswana. Examining three recent court cases involving international law, international courts and transnational NGOs, it looks beyond some of international relations' established models to explain when and why and legal rights can be clarified. This text will be of key interest to scholars and students of African politics and human rights, and more broadly to international relations and international law and justice.

North of El Norte provides an important counterpoint to the attention given to Mexican migration to the United States by examining a lesser-known migration route: that taken b by contemporary Mexican migrants to Canada. Paloma Villegas examines not only the implications of changing Canadian immigration policy and practice but also the barriers that migrants without permanent resident status encounter once in Canada, specifically in the labour market, in their creative pursuits, and in accessing health care. Her comprehensive research sheds light on how individuals and institutions work to illegalize migrants and on the migrants' active resistance to those efforts.

Dieser Band untersucht die Rechtsprechung des Bundesgerichtshofs zum Nachweis des subjektiven Tatbestands der Vorsatzanfechtung. Die Untersuchung setzt sich mit der Frage auseinander, ob die Rechtsprechung des Bundesgerichtshofs insbesondere in den Fallgruppen der Anfechtung kongruenter Deckungen, der Anfechtung von Rechtshandlungen im Rahmen fehlgeschlagener Sanierungsbemuhungen und der Anfechtung bargeschaftsahnlicher Lagen zu sachgerechten Ergebnissen kommt oder ob eine Reform des Vorsatzanfechtungstatbestandes erforderlich ist.

How the United States can provide equal educational opportunity to every child The United States Supreme Court closed the courthouse door to federal litigation to narrow educational funding and opportunity gaps in schools when it ruled in San Antonio Independent School District v. Rodriguez in 1973 that the Constitution does not guarantee a right to education. Rodriguez pushed reformers back to the state courts where they have had some success in securing reforms to school funding systems through education and equal protection clauses in state constitutions, but far less success in changing the basic structure of school funding in ways that would ensure access to equitable and adequate funding for schools. Given the limitations of state school funding litigation, education reformers continue to seek new avenues to remedy inequitable disparities in educational opportunity and achievement, including recently returning to federal court. This book is the first comprehensive examination of three issues regarding a federal right to education: why federal intervention is needed to close educational opportunity and achievement gaps; the constitutional and statutory legal avenues that could be employed to guarantee a federal right to education; and, the scope of what a federal right to education should guarantee. A Federal Right to Education provides a timely and thoughtful analysis of how the United States could fulfill its unmet promise to provide equal educational opportunity and the American Dream to every child, regardless of race, class, language proficiency, or neighborhood.

Americans of all political persuasions fear that "free speech" is under attack. This may seem strange at a time when legal protections for free expression remain strong and overt government censorship minimal. Yet a range of political, economic, social, and technological developments have raised profound challenges for how we manage speech. New threats to political discourse are mounting-from the rise of authoritarian populism and national security secrecy to the decline of print journalism and public trust in experts to the "fake news," trolling, and increasingly subtle modes of surveillance made possible by digital technologies. The Perilous Public Square brings together leading thinkers to identify and investigate today's multifaceted threats to free expression. They go beyond the campus and the courthouse to pinpoint key structural changes in the means of mass communication and forms of global capitalism. Beginning with Tim Wu's inquiry into whether the First Amendment is obsolete, Matthew Connelly, Jack Goldsmith, Kate Klonick, Frederick Schauer, Olivier Sylvain, and Heather Whitney explore ways to address these dangers and preserve the essential features of a healthy democracy. Their conversations with other leading thinkers, including Danielle Keats Citron, Jelani Cobb, Frank Pasquale, Geoffrey R. Stone, Rebecca Tushnet, and Kirsten Weld, cross the disciplinary boundaries of First Amendment law, internet law, media policy, journalism, legal history, and legal theory, offering fresh perspectives on fortifying the speech system and reinvigorating the public square.

While the prohibition of custodial torture is absolute and it applies even during war or other emergency situations, the fact is that custodial torture continues to prevail in today's times of modernization and globalization. The only thing that has changed with time is the degree of meticulousness and sophistication with which it is practiced today. This work analyses custodial violence, ill-treatment, and crimes committed by the police and armed forces in India. It analyses custodial violence in the light of the reports of the UN Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment; Committee against Torture; European Commission; Asian Human Rights Commissions; National Human Rights Commission; National Crime Record Bureau; police journals; international and national NGOs; and other international standards. Providing a detailed overview of the Indian police system and examining its structure and functions, the work critically examines the role and accountability of the police in India and lays emphasis on the human rights of citizens referring to the guidelines of the National Human Rights Commission for the prevention of custodial violence and protection of victims and their rights.

Versicherungsunternehmen sind oft der Kritik ausgesetzt, durch ihr Verhalten Grundsatzurteile des BGH zu verhindern, weil sie das Revisionsverfahren (z.B. durch Anerkenntnis oder Rucknahme) beenden, nachdem sich abzeichnet, dass das Gericht eine andere Rechtsauffassung vertritt. Die Autorin untersucht, ob die Kritik daran gerechtfertigt ist. Ausgangspunkt der UEberlegungen ist, dass die prozessualen Rechte der Rucknahme und des Anerkenntnisses gesetzlich vorgesehene Rechte der Prozessparteien sind. Sie sind Ausfluss der Dispositionsmaxime. Andererseits wird die Dispositionsmaxime kraft gesetzlicher Anordnung etwa dort eingeschrankt, wo ein besonderes oeffentliches Interesse dem Recht des Einzelnen vorgehen muss. Diese UEberlegungen sind Anknupfungspunkt der Untersuchung, welche die massgeblichen gegenlaufigen Rechtspositionen - Dispositionsfreiheit und besonderes oeffentliches Interesse - darstellt und gewichtet.