Traditionally, electrical machines are classi?ed into d. c. commutator (brushed) machines, induction (asynchronous) machines and synchronous machines. These three types of electrical machines are still regarded in many academic curricula as fundamental types, despite that d. c. brushed machines (except small machines) have been gradually abandoned and PM brushless machines (PMBM) and switched reluctance machines (SRM) have been in mass p- duction and use for at least two decades. Recently, new topologies of high torque density motors, high speed motors, integrated motor drives and special motors have been developed. Progress in electric machines technology is stimulated by new materials, new areas of applications, impact of power electronics, need for energy saving and new technological challenges. The development of electric machines in the next few years will mostly be stimulated by computer hardware, residential and public applications and transportation systems (land, sea and air). At many Universities teaching and research strategy oriented towards el- trical machinery is not up to date and has not been changed in some co- tries almost since the end of the WWII. In spite of many excellent academic research achievements, the academia-industry collaboration and technology transfer are underestimated or, quite often, neglected. Underestimation of the role of industry, unfamiliarity with new trends and restraint from technology transfer results, with time, in lack of external ?nancial support and drastic - cline in the number of students interested in Power Electrical Engineering.

The introduction of mechatronic components for the powertrain, steering and braking systems opens the way to automatic driving functions. Together with internal and environmental sensors, various driver assistance systems are going to be developed for improving driving comfort and safety. Automatic driving control functions suppose a well-designed vehicle behavior. In order to develop and implement the software-based control functions mathematical vehicle models for the stationary and dynamic behavior are required. The book first introduces basic theoretically derived models for the tire traction and force transfer, the longitudinal, lateral, roll and pitch dynamic behavior and related components, like suspensions, steering systems and brakes. These models have to be tailored to allow an identification of the many unknown parameters during driving, also in dependence of different road conditions, velocity and vehicle load. Based on these mathematical models drive dynamic control systems are developed for semi-active and active suspensions, hydraulic and electromechanical brakes including ABS, traction and steering control. Then driver assistance systems like adaptive cruise control (ACC), electronic stability control (ESC), electronic course control and anti-collision control systems are considered. The anti-collision systems are designed and tested for emergency braking, emergency steering and avoiding of overtaking accidents. The book is dedicated to automotive engineers as well as to graduate students of mechanical, electrical and mechatronic engineering and computer science.

The book reports on the latest theoretical and experimental findings in the field of active flow and combustion control. It covers new developments in actuator technology and sensing, in robust and optimal open- and closed-loop control, as well as in model reduction for control, constant volume combustion and dynamic impingement cooling. The chapters reports oncutting-edge contributions presented during the fourth edition of the Active Flow and Combustion Control conference, held in September 19 to 21, 2018 at the Technische Universitat Berlin, in Germany. This conference, as well as the research presented in the book, have been supported by the collaborative research center SFB 1029 on "Substantial efficiency increase in gas turbines through direct use of coupled unsteady combustion and flow dynamics", funded by the DFG (German Research Foundation). It offers a timely guide for researchers and practitioners in the field of aeronautics, turbomachinery, control and combustion.

A highly readable and authoritatively written book with an important message for US industry and government in a world of long-term uncertainty of gasoline price and availability. The author argues persuasively that current low fuel prices and the relative lack of competition in the US auto market are creating an unwillingness by US car companies to innovate and take risks to improve their product. Needed product improvements relate not only to fuel economy, but also to a wide range of technological features. Choice

The halcyon days of low oil prices in the 1980s are fated to give way to another major oil crisis, asserts the author of this comprehensive, carefully documented analysis. Researched under the auspices of the Federation of American Scientists, this study presses for development of automotive fuel economy technologies. Bleviss focuses on two interrelated themes--the spector of another oil crisis and its effect on the light transportation industry. Foreign makers of light vehicles are already ahead of domestic automakers in developing new fuel economy technologies. The study suggests that unless the United States moves aggressively to develop these technologies now, the nation will be unprepared for the severity of the approaching world-wide crisis and for the research advantage gained by foreign industry.

This book focuses on gasoline compression ignition (GCI) which offers the prospect of engines with high efficiency and low exhaust emissions at a lower cost. A GCI engine is a compression ignition (CI) engine which is run on gasoline-like fuels (even on low-octane gasoline), making it significantly easier to control particulates and NOx but with high efficiency. The state of the art development to make GCI combustion feasible on practical vehicles is highlighted, e.g., on overcoming problems on cold start, high-pressure rise rates at high loads, transients, and HC and CO emissions. This book will be a useful guide to those in academia and industry.

This book covers designing of various machine elements and serves as a reference for mechanical designing of machine elements in academia and industry. It provides information on designing approaches and several examples and problems, enabling readers to make all of their required calculations for their specific mechanical design or fabrication tasks by using the book's plots (graphs), instead of complicated formulas.

This book covers the various advanced manufacturing processes employed by manufacturing industries to improve their productivity in terms of socio-economic development. The authors present automated conventional and non-conventional machining techniques as well as virtual machining principles and techniques. Material removal by mechanical, chemical, thermal and electrochemical processes are described in detail. A glossary of key concepts is attached at end of the book.

This book provides an insight into the design, modeling, control, and application of multiphase hybrid permanent magnet machines for electrified powertrains in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The authors present an overview of electric and hybrid electric vehicles, hybrid electric machine topologies, hybrid permanent magnet (HPM) machine design, multiphase hybrid machines, operation of multiphase generators in series hybrid electric vehicles (SHEV), and machine hardware build-up and testing. Readers will gain an understanding of multiphase machine configuration, their design, control, and recent applications, along with the benefits they provide, and learn general design steps, prototyping, and hardware build-up processes of multiphase electric machines. Multiphase Hybrid Electric Machines: Applications for Electrified Powertrains will be a valuable reference for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practicing engineers, working on electric/hybrid electric vehicles, as well as electric machine applications in renewable energy systems specifically wind turbines, HVAC systems, robotics, and aerospace industry.

This book has been created on the basis of contributions to the 54th International Conference of Machine Design Departments that was held for the 60th anniversary of Technical University of Liberec. This international conference which follows a tradition going back more than 50 years is one of the longest-running series of conferences held in central Europe, dealing with methods and applications inmachine design. The main aim of the conference was to provide an international forum where experts, researchers, engineers and industrial practitioners, managers and Ph.D. students could meet, share their experiences and present the results of their efforts in the broad field of machine design and related fields.

The book has seven chapters which focus on new knowledge of machine design, optimization, tribology, experimental methods and measuring, engineering analyses and product innovation. Authors presented new design methods of machine parts and more complex assemblies with the help of numerical methods such as FEM. Research, measurements and studies of new materials, including composites for energy-efficient constructions are also described. The book also includes solutions and results useful for optimization and innovation of complex design problems in various industries."

The book encompasses novel CFD techniques to compute offshore wind and tidal applications. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques are regarded as the main design tool to explore the new engineering challenges presented by offshore wind and tidal turbines for energy generation. The difficulty and costs of undertaking experimental tests in offshore environments have increased the interest in the field of CFD which is used to design appropriate turbines and blades, understand fluid flow physical phenomena associated with offshore environments, predict power production or characterise offshore environments, amongst other topics.

< div=""> This book covers different aspects related to utilization of alcohol fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines with a focus on combustion, performance and emission investigations. The focal point of this book is to present engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics of IC engines fueled by alcohol blended fuels such as methanol, ethanol and butanol. The contents also highlight the importance of alcohol fuel for reducing emission levels. Possibility of alcohol fuels for marine applications has also been discussed. This book is a useful guide for researchers, academics and scientists. ^

The book reports on the latest theoretical and experimental findings in the field of active flow and combustion control, in the context of energy conversion for power and propulsion systems. It covers new developments in actuator technology and sensing, robust and optimal open- and closed-loop control, model reduction for control purposes, and unsteady turbine cooling and performance, among other relevant topics. Gathering contributions to the Active Flow and Combustion Control (AFCC 2021), held virtually on September 28-29, 2021, from the Technische Universitat Berlin, Germany, this book describes research that has been carried out within, and supported by, the collaborative research center SFB 1029 on "Substantial efficiency increase in gas turbines through direct use of coupled unsteady combustion and flow dynamics", and funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). It highlights theoretical and practical aspects, and corresponding solutions, that are important for the development of future energy conversion systems, thus offering a timely guide for researchers and practitioners in the field of aeronautics, turbomachinery, control and combustion.

Summarizes the analysis and design of today's gas heat engine cycles This book offers readers comprehensive coverage of heat engine cycles. From ideal (theoretical) cycles to practical cycles and real cycles, it gradually increases in degree of complexity so that newcomers can learn and advance at a logical pace, and so instructors can tailor their courses toward each class level. To facilitate the transition from one type of cycle to another, it offers readers additional material covering fundamental engineering science principles in mechanics, fluid mechanics, thermodynamics, and thermochemistry. Fundamentals of Heat Engines: Reciprocating and Gas Turbine Internal-Combustion Engines begins with a review of some fundamental principles of engineering science, before covering a wide range of topics on thermochemistry. It next discusses theoretical aspects of the reciprocating piston engine, starting with simple air-standard cycles, followed by theoretical cycles of forced induction engines, and ending with more realistic cycles that can be used to predict engine performance as a first approximation. Lastly, the book looks at gas turbines and covers cycles with gradually increasing complexity to end with realistic engine design-point and off-design calculations methods. Covers two main heat engines in one single reference Teaches heat engine fundamentals as well as advanced topics Includes comprehensive thermodynamic and thermochemistry data Offers customizable content to suit beginner or advanced undergraduate courses and entry-level postgraduate studies in automotive, mechanical, and aerospace degrees Provides representative problems at the end of most chapters, along with a detailed example of piston-engine design-point calculations Features case studies of design-point calculations of gas turbine engines in two chapters Fundamentals of Heat Engines can be adopted for mechanical, aerospace, and automotive engineering courses at different levels and will also benefit engineering professionals in those fields and beyond.

This book describes machining technology from a wider perspective by considering it within the machining space. Machining technology is one of the metal removal activities that occur at the machining point within the machining space. The machining space consists of structural configuration entities, e.g., the main spindle, the turret head and attachments such the chuck and mandrel, and also the form-generating movement of the machine tool itself. The book describes fundamental topics, including the form-generating movement of the machine tool and the important roles of the attachments, before moving on to consider the supply of raw materials into the machining space, and the discharge of swarf from it, and then machining technology itself. Building on the latest research findings "Theory and Practice in Machining System" discusses current challenges in machining. Thus, with the inclusion of introductory and advanced topics, the book can be used as a gui de and survey of machining technology for students and also as the basis for the planning of future research by professors and researchers in universities and scientific institutions. Professional engineers can use the book as a signpost to technical developments that will be applied in industry in coming years.

Combustion in Piston Engines presents the technique of pressure diagnostics to measure the fuel consumption in an engine cylinder and to monitor the operation of micro-electronic systems for its control. It provides a recipe for bridging the gap between the hydrocarbon-fed combustion technology of automotive powerplants of today and electro-magnetic technologies of the future. The author proposes and introduces a model for the design of a MECC (micro-electronically controlled combustion) systems to modulate combustion in engine cylinders. This system yields significant reduction in the formation of pollutants and the consumption of fuel, so that, eventually, emissions using any clean hydrocarbon fuel will be acceptable and gas mileage could be doubled.

This monograph presents computational models that describe electro-mechanical characteristics of tapered and cylinder roller bearings in various industrial applications. Applying the Levenberg-Marquardt's algorithm to solving strongly nonlinear coupled equation systems, the computational models consisting of many circular slices per rolling element enable computations of the local Hertzian pressures at the elastohydrodynamic (EHD) contact area, the relating oil-film thickness in elastohydrodynamic lubrication (EHL), the limiting voltage of electro-pitting, bearing frictions, and fatigue lifetimes of the bearings for various load spectra. Using the best-known machine-learning method for clustering, the load spectrum is clustered in k cluster means based on the invariant damage number to accelerate the load spectrum. Furthermore, the accelerated load spectrum is used for the testing procedure of the bearings to reduce the testing time and costs as well. The target audience of this book primarily comprises graduate students in mechanical engineering and practicing engineers of electro-machines and transmission systems who want to computationally design tapered and cylinder roller bearings for the automotive industry and other industries, and to deeply dive into these relating working fields.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Workshop on Com bustion, sponsored by the Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE) and the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). It was held on October 12-14, 1992, and was the sec ond workshop in the series on the subject. The first was held in 1989, and its proceedings were published by Springer-Verlag under the title "Major Research Topics in Combustion," edited by M. Y. Hussaini, A. Kumar, and R. G. Voigt. The focus of the second workshop was directed towards the development, analysis, and application of basic models in high speed propulsion of particular interest to NASA. The exploration of a dual approach combining asymptotic and numerical methods for the analysis of the models was particularly encouraged. The objectives of this workshop were i) the genesis of models that would capture or reflect the basic pllysical phenomena in SCRAMJETs and/or oblique detonation-wave engines (ODWE), and ii) the stimulation of a greater interaction between NASA exper imental research community and the academic community. The lead paper by D. Bushnell on the status and issues of high speed propulsion relevant to both the SCRAMJET and the ODWE parallels his keynote address which set the stage of the workshop. Following the lead paper were five technical sessions with titles and chairs: Experiments (C. Rogers), Reacting Free Shear Layers (C. E. Grosch), Detonations (A. K. Kapila), Ignition and Struc ture (J. Buckmaster), and Unsteady Behaviour ('1'. L. Jackson)."

This book presents a comprehensive study of all important aspects of tribology. It covers issues and their remedies adopted by researchers working on automobile systems. The book is broadly divided in to three sections, viz. (i) new materials for automotive applications, (ii) new lubricants for automotive applications, and (iii) impact of surface morphologies for automotive applications. The rationale for this division is to provide a comprehensive and categorical review of the developments in automotive tribology. The book covers tribological aspects of engines, and also discusses influence of new materials, such as natural fibers, metal foam materials, natural fiber reinforced polymer composites, carbon fiber/silicon nitride polymer composites and aluminium matrix composites. The book also looks at grease lubrication, effectiveness and sustainability of solid/liquid additives in lubrication, and usage of biolubricants. In the last section the book focuses on brake pad materials, shot peening method, surface texturing, magnetic rheological fluid for smart automobile brake and clutch systems, and application of tribology in automobile systems. This book will be of interest to students, researchers, and professionals from the automotive industry.

This textbook is intended for post-graduate students in mechanical and allied engineering disciplines. It will also be helpful to scientists and engineers working in the areas of combustion to recapitulate the fundamental and generally applied aspects of combustion. This textbook comprehensively covers the fundamental aspects of combustion. It includes physical descriptions of premixed and non-premixed flames. It provides a detailed analysis of the basic ideas and design characteristics of burners for gaseous, liquid and solid fuels. A chapter on alternative renewable fuels has also been included to bring out the need, characteristics and usage of alternative fuels. Review questions have been provided at the end of each chapter which will help the students to evaluate their understanding of the important concepts covered in that chapter. Several standard text books have been cited in the chapters and are listed towards the end, as suggested reading, to enable the readers to refer them when required. The textbook will be useful for students in mechanical, aerospace and related fields of engineering. It will also be a good resource for professionals and researchers working in the areas of combustion technology.

This textbook summarizes the course of engineering mechanics, designed for one or two semesters, at the undergraduate or graduate level for a range of academic majors. The book covers all the main components of the discipline including: Theoretical Mechanics, Theory of Mechanisms and Machines, Resistance of Materials, Machine Parts and Design Basic; and Interchangeability, Standardization, and Technical Measurements. It can also be used by students of other technical areas in to achieve competence in each of the listed disciplines. The concise presentation facilitates concentration on the most important elements of the concepts presented while also outlining the current state of mechanics, demonstrating engineering applications using various computer packages (MathCad, CosmosWorks, Inkscape, AutoCad), and updating data on engineering materials. Examples of both simple and complex engineering calculations are given at the end of each chapter along with self-assessment questions.

This book focuses on the simulation and modeling of internal combustion engines. The contents include various aspects of diesel and gasoline engine modeling and simulation such as spray, combustion, ignition, in-cylinder phenomena, emissions, exhaust heat recovery. It also explored engine models and analysis of cylinder bore piston stresses and temperature effects. This book includes recent literature and focuses on current modeling and simulation trends for internal combustion engines. Readers will gain knowledge about engine process simulation and modeling, helpful for the development of efficient and emission-free engines. A few chapters highlight the review of state-of-the-art models for spray, combustion, and emissions, focusing on the theory, models, and their applications from an engine point of view. This volume would be of interest to professionals, post-graduate students involved in alternative fuels, IC engines, engine modeling and simulation, and environmental research.

This book is based on advanced combustion technologies currently employed in internal combustion engines. It discusses different strategies for improving conventional diesel combustion. The volume includes chapters on low-temperature combustion techniques of compression-ignition engines which results in significant reduction of NOx and soot emissions. The content also highlights newly evolved gasoline compression technology and optical techniques in advanced gasoline direct injection engines. the research and its outcomes presented here highlight advancements in combustion technologies, analysing various issues related to in-cylinder combustion, pollutant formation and alternative fuels. This book will be of interest to those in academia and industry involved in fuels, IC engines, engine combustion research.

Combustion Engineering & Gas Utilisation is a practical guide to sound engineering practice for engineers from industry and commerce responsible for the selection, installation, designing and maintenance of efficient and safe gas fired heating equipment.

This book offers an overview of current methods for the intelligent monitoring of rotating machines. It describes the foundations of smart monitoring, guiding readers to develop appropriate machine learning and statistical models for answering important challenges, such as the management and analysis of a large volume of data. It also discusses real-world case studies, highlighting some practical issues and proposing solutions to them. The book offers extensive information on research trends, and innovative strategies to solve emerging, practical issues. It addresses both academics and professionals dealing with condition monitoring, and mechanical and production engineering issues, in the era of industry 4.0.

This book focuses on clean transport and mobility essential to the modern world. It discusses internal combustion engines (ICEs) and alternatives like battery electric vehicles (BEVs) which are growing fast. Alternatives to ICEs start from a very low base and face formidable environmental, material availability, and economic challenges to unlimited and rapid growth. Hence ICEs will continue to be the main power source for transport for decades to come and have to be continuously improved to improve transport sustainability. The book highlights the need to assess proposed changes in the existing transport system on a life cycle basis. The volume includes chapters discussing the challenges faced by ICEs as well as chapters on novel fuels and fuel/ engine interactions which help in this quest to improve the efficiency of ICE and reduce exhaust pollutants. This book will be of interest to those in academia and industry alike.