This book highlights ways of using gaseous and liquid e-fuels like hydrogen (H2), methane (CH4), methanol (CH3OH), DME (CH3-O-CH3), Ammonia (NH3), synthetic petrol and diesel, etc in existing engines and their effects on tailpipe emissions. The contents also cover calibration and optimization procedure for adaptation of these fuels. the volume also discusses the economical aspect of these fuels. Chapters include recent results and are focused on current trends of automotive sector. This book will be of interest to those in academia and industry involved in fuels, IC engines, engine instrumentation, and environmental research.

Remarkable developments have taken place in the field of mechatronics in recent years. As symbolized by the "Janglish (Japanese English)" word, mechatronics, the technology and the social adaptation for introducing electronics into mechanics has been readily accepted in Japan. Currently robots are producing many products under computer control in Japanese factories, and supermarkets are utilizing automation systems for sample displays and sales. Further, the fast paced change in semiconductor chip technology has given rise to the need for micro-displacement positioning techniques. Actuators utilizing piezoelectridelectrostrictive effects are expected to meet these needs in mechanical components in the next micro mechatronic age. This book, in English, builds on my earlier publications concerned with ceramic actuators. The first edition titled "Essentials for Development and Applications of Piezoelectric Actuators" was published in 1984 through the Japan Industrial Technology Center. The second edition "PiezoelectriclElectrostrictive Actuators" published in Japanese through Morikita Pub. Co. (Tokyo) became one of the best sellers in that company in 1986, and was then translated into Korean. The problem solving edition "Piezoelectric Actuators -Problem Solving" was also published through Morikita, which was sold in conjunction with a 60 minute video tape to provide easy understanding."

The design and construction of rotating machinery operating at supercritical speeds was, in the 1920s, an event of revolutionary importance for the then new branch of dynamics known as rotor dynamics. In the 1960s, another revolution occurred: In less than a decade, imposed by operational and economic needs, an increase in the power of turbomachinery by one order of magnitude took place. Dynamic analysis of complex rotor forms became a necessity, while the importance of approximate methods for dynamic analysis was stressed. Finally, the emergence of fracture mechanics, as a new branch of applied mechanics, provided analytical tools to investigate crack influence on the dynamic behavior of rotors.

The scope of this book is based on all these developments.No topics related to the well-known classical problemsare included, rather the book deals exclusively with modern high-power turbomachinery.

This book comprehensively discusses diesel combustion phenomena like ignition delay, fuel-air mixing, rate of heat release, and emissions of smoke, particulate and nitric oxide. It enables quantitative evaluation of these important phenomena and parameters. Most importantly, it attempts to model them with constants that are independent of engine types and hence they could be applied by the engineers and researchers for a general engine. This book emphasizes the importance of the spray at the wall in precisely describing the heat release and emissions for most of the engines on and off-road. It gives models for heat release and emissions. Every model is thoroughly validated by detailed experiments using a broad range of engines. The book describes an elegant quasi-one-dimensional model for heat release in diesel engines with single as well as multiple injections. The book describes how the two aspects, namely, fuel injection rate and the diameter of the combustion bowl in the piston, have enabled meeting advanced emission, noise, and performance standards. The book also discusses the topics of computational fluid dynamics encompassing RANS and LES models of turbulence. Given the contents, this book will be useful for students, researchers and professionals working in the area of vehicle engineering and engine technology. This book will also be a good professional book for practising engineers in the field of combustion engines and automotive engineering.

Traditionally, electrical machines are classi?ed into d. c. commutator (brushed) machines, induction (asynchronous) machines and synchronous machines. These three types of electrical machines are still regarded in many academic curricula as fundamental types, despite that d. c. brushed machines (except small machines) have been gradually abandoned and PM brushless machines (PMBM) and switched reluctance machines (SRM) have been in mass p- duction and use for at least two decades. Recently, new topologies of high torque density motors, high speed motors, integrated motor drives and special motors have been developed. Progress in electric machines technology is stimulated by new materials, new areas of applications, impact of power electronics, need for energy saving and new technological challenges. The development of electric machines in the next few years will mostly be stimulated by computer hardware, residential and public applications and transportation systems (land, sea and air). At many Universities teaching and research strategy oriented towards el- trical machinery is not up to date and has not been changed in some co- tries almost since the end of the WWII. In spite of many excellent academic research achievements, the academia-industry collaboration and technology transfer are underestimated or, quite often, neglected. Underestimation of the role of industry, unfamiliarity with new trends and restraint from technology transfer results, with time, in lack of external ?nancial support and drastic - cline in the number of students interested in Power Electrical Engineering.

This book presents systematic overviews and bright insights into big data-driven intelligent fault diagnosis and prognosis for mechanical systems. The recent research results on deep transfer learning-based fault diagnosis, data-model fusion remaining useful life (RUL) prediction, etc., are focused on in the book. The contents are valuable and interesting to attract academic researchers, practitioners, and students in the field of prognostics and health management (PHM). Essential guidelines are provided for readers to understand, explore, and implement the presented methodologies, which promote further development of PHM in the big data era. Features: Addresses the critical challenges in the field of PHM at present Presents both fundamental and cutting-edge research theories on intelligent fault diagnosis and prognosis Provides abundant experimental validations and engineering cases of the presented methodologies

A highly readable and authoritatively written book with an important message for US industry and government in a world of long-term uncertainty of gasoline price and availability. The author argues persuasively that current low fuel prices and the relative lack of competition in the US auto market are creating an unwillingness by US car companies to innovate and take risks to improve their product. Needed product improvements relate not only to fuel economy, but also to a wide range of technological features. Choice

The halcyon days of low oil prices in the 1980s are fated to give way to another major oil crisis, asserts the author of this comprehensive, carefully documented analysis. Researched under the auspices of the Federation of American Scientists, this study presses for development of automotive fuel economy technologies. Bleviss focuses on two interrelated themes--the spector of another oil crisis and its effect on the light transportation industry. Foreign makers of light vehicles are already ahead of domestic automakers in developing new fuel economy technologies. The study suggests that unless the United States moves aggressively to develop these technologies now, the nation will be unprepared for the severity of the approaching world-wide crisis and for the research advantage gained by foreign industry.

< p=""> This highly informative book offers a comprehensive overview of the fundamentals of propulsion. The book focuses on foundational topics in propulsion, namely gas dynamics, turbomachinery, and combustion to more complex subjects such as practical design aspects of aircraft engines and thermodynamic aspects and analysis. It also includes pedagogical aspects such as end-of-chapter problems and worked examples to augment learning and self-testing. This book is a useful reference for students in the area of mechanical and aerospace engineering. Also, scientists and engineers working in the areas of aerospace propulsion and gas dynamics find this book a valuable addition. ^

In Engines, the always entertaining and informative Theodore Gray explores the glorious guts and intricate innards of dozens of impressive machines. Through his engaging and unexpected stories and Nick Mann's trademark gorgeous photography, Gray takes us on a journey from ancient Greek steam engines to our most sophisticated twenty-first-century machinery. We take time to appreciate the detailed functionality of the internal combustion engine, the connection between magnetism and electric motors, as well as hydraulics, robotics, and more. Each chapter builds on the previous, illuminating the evolution of engines and revealing the ingenuity brought to bear as humans invented and perfected these marvelous mechanical systems. Along the way, Gray regales us with tales of his own experiences working with and collecting these machines. For fans of how things are made and how they work, Engines is a loving tribute to the mechanical world.

The book reports on the latest theoretical and experimental findings in the field of active flow and combustion control. It covers new developments in actuator technology and sensing, in robust and optimal open- and closed-loop control, as well as in model reduction for control, constant volume combustion and dynamic impingement cooling. The chapters reports oncutting-edge contributions presented during the fourth edition of the Active Flow and Combustion Control conference, held in September 19 to 21, 2018 at the Technische Universitat Berlin, in Germany. This conference, as well as the research presented in the book, have been supported by the collaborative research center SFB 1029 on "Substantial efficiency increase in gas turbines through direct use of coupled unsteady combustion and flow dynamics", funded by the DFG (German Research Foundation). It offers a timely guide for researchers and practitioners in the field of aeronautics, turbomachinery, control and combustion.

The introduction of mechatronic components for the powertrain, steering and braking systems opens the way to automatic driving functions. Together with internal and environmental sensors, various driver assistance systems are going to be developed for improving driving comfort and safety. Automatic driving control functions suppose a well-designed vehicle behavior. In order to develop and implement the software-based control functions mathematical vehicle models for the stationary and dynamic behavior are required. The book first introduces basic theoretically derived models for the tire traction and force transfer, the longitudinal, lateral, roll and pitch dynamic behavior and related components, like suspensions, steering systems and brakes. These models have to be tailored to allow an identification of the many unknown parameters during driving, also in dependence of different road conditions, velocity and vehicle load. Based on these mathematical models drive dynamic control systems are developed for semi-active and active suspensions, hydraulic and electromechanical brakes including ABS, traction and steering control. Then driver assistance systems like adaptive cruise control (ACC), electronic stability control (ESC), electronic course control and anti-collision control systems are considered. The anti-collision systems are designed and tested for emergency braking, emergency steering and avoiding of overtaking accidents. The book is dedicated to automotive engineers as well as to graduate students of mechanical, electrical and mechatronic engineering and computer science.

This book covers the various advanced manufacturing processes employed by manufacturing industries to improve their productivity in terms of socio-economic development. The authors present automated conventional and non-conventional machining techniques as well as virtual machining principles and techniques. Material removal by mechanical, chemical, thermal and electrochemical processes are described in detail. A glossary of key concepts is attached at end of the book.

This research monograph presents both fundamental science and applied innovations on several key and emerging technologies involving fossil and alternate fuel utilization in power and transport sectors from renowned experts in the field. Some of the topics covered include: autoignition in laminar and turbulent nonpremixed flames; Langevin simulation of turbulent combustion; lean blowout (LBO) prediction through symbolic time series analysis; lasers and optical diagnostics for next generation IC engine development; exergy destruction study on small DI diesel engine; and gasoline direct injection. The book includes a chapter on carbon sequestration and optimization of enhanced oil and gas recovery. The contents of this book will be useful to researchers and professionals working on all aspects on combustion.

This book focuses on gasoline compression ignition (GCI) which offers the prospect of engines with high efficiency and low exhaust emissions at a lower cost. A GCI engine is a compression ignition (CI) engine which is run on gasoline-like fuels (even on low-octane gasoline), making it significantly easier to control particulates and NOx but with high efficiency. The state of the art development to make GCI combustion feasible on practical vehicles is highlighted, e.g., on overcoming problems on cold start, high-pressure rise rates at high loads, transients, and HC and CO emissions. This book will be a useful guide to those in academia and industry.

This book covers designing of various machine elements and serves as a reference for mechanical designing of machine elements in academia and industry. It provides information on designing approaches and several examples and problems, enabling readers to make all of their required calculations for their specific mechanical design or fabrication tasks by using the book's plots (graphs), instead of complicated formulas.

This book provides an insight into the design, modeling, control, and application of multiphase hybrid permanent magnet machines for electrified powertrains in electric and hybrid electric vehicles. The authors present an overview of electric and hybrid electric vehicles, hybrid electric machine topologies, hybrid permanent magnet (HPM) machine design, multiphase hybrid machines, operation of multiphase generators in series hybrid electric vehicles (SHEV), and machine hardware build-up and testing. Readers will gain an understanding of multiphase machine configuration, their design, control, and recent applications, along with the benefits they provide, and learn general design steps, prototyping, and hardware build-up processes of multiphase electric machines. Multiphase Hybrid Electric Machines: Applications for Electrified Powertrains will be a valuable reference for undergraduate and graduate students, researchers, and practicing engineers, working on electric/hybrid electric vehicles, as well as electric machine applications in renewable energy systems specifically wind turbines, HVAC systems, robotics, and aerospace industry.

Emergy presents the fundamentals of emergy, proposing the definition and representation of emergy diagrams and 'spreading.' Embodied energy is the energy consumed by all of the processes associated with the production of a building, from the mining and processing of natural resources to manufacturing, transport and product delivery. The authors evaluate a range of sources and the methodologies surrounding emergy analysis. Filled with real-world applied examples including wood energy, wind resources, ore and recycling, this book shows you how to adopt an approach similar to the Lagrangian approach to fluid mechanics, and establish that the intuitive notion of temporal independence of the emergy specific to materials requires nuances.

This book has been created on the basis of contributions to the 54th International Conference of Machine Design Departments that was held for the 60th anniversary of Technical University of Liberec. This international conference which follows a tradition going back more than 50 years is one of the longest-running series of conferences held in central Europe, dealing with methods and applications inmachine design. The main aim of the conference was to provide an international forum where experts, researchers, engineers and industrial practitioners, managers and Ph.D. students could meet, share their experiences and present the results of their efforts in the broad field of machine design and related fields.

The book has seven chapters which focus on new knowledge of machine design, optimization, tribology, experimental methods and measuring, engineering analyses and product innovation. Authors presented new design methods of machine parts and more complex assemblies with the help of numerical methods such as FEM. Research, measurements and studies of new materials, including composites for energy-efficient constructions are also described. The book also includes solutions and results useful for optimization and innovation of complex design problems in various industries."

The book encompasses novel CFD techniques to compute offshore wind and tidal applications. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) techniques are regarded as the main design tool to explore the new engineering challenges presented by offshore wind and tidal turbines for energy generation. The difficulty and costs of undertaking experimental tests in offshore environments have increased the interest in the field of CFD which is used to design appropriate turbines and blades, understand fluid flow physical phenomena associated with offshore environments, predict power production or characterise offshore environments, amongst other topics.

< div=""> This book covers different aspects related to utilization of alcohol fuels in internal combustion (IC) engines with a focus on combustion, performance and emission investigations. The focal point of this book is to present engine combustion, performance and emission characteristics of IC engines fueled by alcohol blended fuels such as methanol, ethanol and butanol. The contents also highlight the importance of alcohol fuel for reducing emission levels. Possibility of alcohol fuels for marine applications has also been discussed. This book is a useful guide for researchers, academics and scientists. ^

This book describes machining technology from a wider perspective by considering it within the machining space. Machining technology is one of the metal removal activities that occur at the machining point within the machining space. The machining space consists of structural configuration entities, e.g., the main spindle, the turret head and attachments such the chuck and mandrel, and also the form-generating movement of the machine tool itself. The book describes fundamental topics, including the form-generating movement of the machine tool and the important roles of the attachments, before moving on to consider the supply of raw materials into the machining space, and the discharge of swarf from it, and then machining technology itself. Building on the latest research findings "Theory and Practice in Machining System" discusses current challenges in machining. Thus, with the inclusion of introductory and advanced topics, the book can be used as a gui de and survey of machining technology for students and also as the basis for the planning of future research by professors and researchers in universities and scientific institutions. Professional engineers can use the book as a signpost to technical developments that will be applied in industry in coming years.

Combustion in Piston Engines presents the technique of pressure diagnostics to measure the fuel consumption in an engine cylinder and to monitor the operation of micro-electronic systems for its control. It provides a recipe for bridging the gap between the hydrocarbon-fed combustion technology of automotive powerplants of today and electro-magnetic technologies of the future. The author proposes and introduces a model for the design of a MECC (micro-electronically controlled combustion) systems to modulate combustion in engine cylinders. This system yields significant reduction in the formation of pollutants and the consumption of fuel, so that, eventually, emissions using any clean hydrocarbon fuel will be acceptable and gas mileage could be doubled.

The book reports on the latest theoretical and experimental findings in the field of active flow and combustion control, in the context of energy conversion for power and propulsion systems. It covers new developments in actuator technology and sensing, robust and optimal open- and closed-loop control, model reduction for control purposes, and unsteady turbine cooling and performance, among other relevant topics. Gathering contributions to the Active Flow and Combustion Control (AFCC 2021), held virtually on September 28-29, 2021, from the Technische Universitat Berlin, Germany, this book describes research that has been carried out within, and supported by, the collaborative research center SFB 1029 on "Substantial efficiency increase in gas turbines through direct use of coupled unsteady combustion and flow dynamics", and funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG). It highlights theoretical and practical aspects, and corresponding solutions, that are important for the development of future energy conversion systems, thus offering a timely guide for researchers and practitioners in the field of aeronautics, turbomachinery, control and combustion.

In the concluding chapters of this book the author introduces GIM, the Global Intelligent Machine. GIM is a huge global hybrid machine, a combination of production machinery, information machinery and mechanized networks. In the future it may very well encompass all machinery on the globe. The author discusses the development of machines from the Stone Age until the present and pays particular attention to the rise of the science of machines and the development of the relationship between science and technology. The first production and information tools were invented in the Stone Age. In the Agricultural empires tools and machinery became more complex. During and after the Industrial Revolution the pace of innovation accelerated. In the 20th century the mechanization of production, information processing and networks became increasingly sophisticated. GIM is the culmination of this development. GIM is no science fiction. GIM exists and is growing and getting smarter and smarter. Individuals and institutions are trying to control parts of this giant global robot. By looking at its history and by putting GIM in the context of the current developments, this book seeks to reach a fuller understanding of this phenomenon.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Workshop on Com bustion, sponsored by the Institute for Computer Applications in Science and Engineering (ICASE) and the NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC). It was held on October 12-14, 1992, and was the sec ond workshop in the series on the subject. The first was held in 1989, and its proceedings were published by Springer-Verlag under the title "Major Research Topics in Combustion," edited by M. Y. Hussaini, A. Kumar, and R. G. Voigt. The focus of the second workshop was directed towards the development, analysis, and application of basic models in high speed propulsion of particular interest to NASA. The exploration of a dual approach combining asymptotic and numerical methods for the analysis of the models was particularly encouraged. The objectives of this workshop were i) the genesis of models that would capture or reflect the basic pllysical phenomena in SCRAMJETs and/or oblique detonation-wave engines (ODWE), and ii) the stimulation of a greater interaction between NASA exper imental research community and the academic community. The lead paper by D. Bushnell on the status and issues of high speed propulsion relevant to both the SCRAMJET and the ODWE parallels his keynote address which set the stage of the workshop. Following the lead paper were five technical sessions with titles and chairs: Experiments (C. Rogers), Reacting Free Shear Layers (C. E. Grosch), Detonations (A. K. Kapila), Ignition and Struc ture (J. Buckmaster), and Unsteady Behaviour ('1'. L. Jackson)."