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Books > Philosophy > Western philosophy > Western philosophy, c 500 to c 1600 > General
Dieses Studien- und Handbuch macht ausfuhrlich mit Dante Alighieris
Goettlicher Komoedie bekannt. Geboten wird in einem ersten Teil -
und zwar erstmals konsequent und systematisch - eine
erzahltheoretisch fundierte Einfuhrung in den grossen
"Jenseitsroman aus Versen". Hierauf folgt ein detaillierter
UEberblick zur Wirkungsgeschichte vom 14. Jahrhundert bis heute:
dargestellt werden Handschriftenuberlieferung, Kommentarwesen,
Druckentwicklung, Kritikverlauf, das Phanomen der zahllosen
UEbersetzungen sowie das der mannigfaltigen Bearbeitungen in Kunst,
Literatur, Musik, Film und in den neuen Medien. All dies geschieht
unter Einbindung internationaler Forschung. Der zweite Teil ist ein
kompakter Studienfuhrer in 70 Sektionen zur weltweiten Dantistik
allgemein sowie zu samtlichen Gebieten der europaischen und
aussereuropaischen Forschung uber das poetische Meisterwerk des
Florentiners: Auf rund 200 Seiten findet man alles Wichtige
betreffend Bibliotheken, Institutionen, Verbande, kritische
Editionen, sonstige Ausgaben, UEbersetzungen, Untersuchungen
(Bucher und Aufsatze), Sammelbande, Nachschlagewerke, Zeitschriften
und sonstige gedruckte oder im Internet verfugbare Materialien, die
man fur Lekture, Studium, Referat, Prufung, eigene Forschung oder
die Lehre benoetigt.
In der Kantforschung zahlt Locke problemgeschichtlich gesehen zu
den wichtigsten Vorgangern Kants. Die Forschung hat sich dabei -
ahnlich wie Kant selbst - an Lockes opus magnum, dem Essay
concerning Human Understanding, orientiert. Die Arbeit revidiert
die landlaufige Ansicht, nach der die englische Aufklarung keinen
massgeblichen Einfluss auf die deutsche gehabt habe. Lockes
Nachlassschrift Of the Conduct of the Understanding hat u.a. auf
Wolffs mathematische Methode und auf seine Unterscheidung zwischen
mathematischer, historischer und philosophischer Erkenntnis eine
erhebliche Wirkung ausgeubt sowie - uber die Vermittlung von
Knutzen und Kypke - auch auf Kant. Die Erstlingsschrift Kants, die
Gedanken von der wahren Schatzung der lebendigen Krafte, verdankt
Lockes Nachlassschrift ebensoviel wie die skeptische Methode der
Vernunftkritik, die quellengeschichtlich auf Lockes Konzept der
"Gleichgultigkeit" des Verstandes zuruckverweist.
This book offers a brief, accessible introduction to the thought of Boethius. After a survey of Boethius's life and work, Marenbon explicates his theological method, and devotes separate chapters to his arguments about good and evil, fortune, fate and free will, and the problem of divine foreknowledge. Marenbon also traces Boethius's influence on the work of such thinkers as Aquinas and Duns Scotus.
In this powerfully argued book, Knasas engages a debate at the
heart of the revival of Thomistic thought in the twentieth century.
Richly detailed and illuminating, his book calls on the tradition
established by Gilson, Maritain, and Owen, to build a case for
Existential Thomism as a valid metaphysics.Being and Some
Twentieth-Century Thomists is a comprehensive discussion of the
major issues and controversies in neo-Thomism, including issues of
mind, knowledge, the human subject, free will, nature, grace, and
the act of being. Knasas also discusses the Transcendental Thomism
of Marchal, Rahner, Lonergan, and others as he builds a carefully
articulated case for completing the Thomist revival.
Brian Davies offers a full-scale introduction to Aquinas's philosophy, collecting in one volume the best recent essays on Aquinas by some of the world's foremost scholars of medieval philosophy. Taken together they illuminate the entire spectrum of Aquinas's thought: philosophy of nature, logic, metaphysics, natural theology, philosophy of mind, philosophy of action and ethics. Philosophically rigorous, readable, informative, critical, and evaluative of the texts of Aquinas, the essays are framed by a detailed introduction providing an account of Aquinas's life, works, and his major philosophical conclusion.
This book by Hiram Crespo, the founder of the Society of Friends of
Epicurus, discusses the ancient wisdom that seems to be the best
philosophical solution for current problems such as widespread
anxiety, thoughtless confusion of values, socioeconomic crisis,
religious fanaticism, and environmental hazards.
Norman Kretzmann expounds and criticizes Aquinas's theology of creation, which is `natural' (or philosophical) in that Aquinas developed it without depending on the data of Scripture. Because of the special importance of intellective creatures like us, Aquinas's account of the divine origin and organization of the universe includes essential ingredients of his philosophy of mind. The Metaphysics of Creation is a continuation of the project Kretzmann began in The Metaphysics of Theism; as before, he not only explains Aquinas's natural theology, but advocates it as the best available to us.
Roger Bacon (1210-1292), einem bislang noch weithin
vernachlassigten Denker, verdanken wir bahnbrechende Ideen auf dem
Gebiet der Sprachtheorie, der "Scientia experimentalis" sowie der
Moralphilosophie. Im vorliegenden Band sind philosophisch und
wissenschaftsgeschichtlich bedeutsame Forschungsarbeiten aus den
letzten 50 Jahren versammelt.
2013 Reprint of 1928 Edition. Full facsimile of the original
edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. This is
still one of the best discussions of the 19th century Utilitarian
movement in England-the rise of the Benthamites and the conflict
between the growing economic philosophy and older philosophies that
emphasized human and social values. Halevy discusses Locke, Newton,
Gay, Hartley, Hume, Bentham, Adam Smith, Burke, Godwin, Malthus,
James Mill, Ricardo, Grote and others. Remains a standard work to
this day.
A distinguished philosopher offers a novel account of experience
and reason, and develops our understanding of conscious experience
and its relationship to thought: a new reformed empiricism. The
role of experience in cognition is a central and ancient
philosophical concern. How, theorists ask, can our private
experiences guide us to knowledge of a mind-independent reality?
Exploring topics in logic, philosophy of mind, and epistemology,
Conscious Experience proposes a new answer to this age-old
question, explaining how conscious experience contributes to the
rationality and content of empirical beliefs. According to Anil
Gupta, this contribution cannot be determined independently of an
agent's conceptual scheme and prior beliefs, but that doesn't mean
it is entirely mind-dependent. While the rational contribution of
an experience is not propositional-it does not, for example,
provide direct knowledge of the world-it does authorize certain
transitions from prior views to new views. In short, the rational
contribution of an experience yields a rule for revising views.
Gupta shows that this account provides theoretical freedom: it
allows the observer to radically reconceive the world in light of
empirical findings. Simultaneously, it grants empirical reason
significant power to constrain, forcing particular conceptions of
self and world on the rational inquirer. These seemingly contrary
virtues are reconciled through novel treatments of presentation,
appearances, and ostensive definitions. Collectively, Gupta's
arguments support an original theory: reformed empiricism. He
abandons the idea that experience is a source of knowledge and
justification. He also abandons the idea that concepts are derived
from experience. But reformed empiricism preserves empiricism's
central insight: experience is the supreme epistemic authority. In
the resolution of factual disagreements, experience trumps all.
2013 Reprint of 1912 Edition. Full facsimile of the original
edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. In this
little book Russell has provided an intelligible and stimulating
guide to a branch of knowledge which is often mistakenly considered
too abstruse for the lay mind. He has confined himself chiefly to
those problems of philosophy concerning which he thought it
possible to say something positive and constructive. For this
reason, theory of knowledge occupies a larger space than
metaphysics, and some topics much discussed by philosophers are
treated briefly. The work is concise, free from technical terms and
perfectly clear to the general reader with no prior knowledge of
the subject.
In the 16th century, Erasmus was one of the most celebrated figures in Europe--a man of such vast learning that both royalty and universities petitioned for his services. In this very readable biography, a noted scholar traces Erasmus's youth, his years as an itinerant scholar, sojourns in England, France, Switzerland, and Italy, friendship with Sir Thomas More, and disputes with Martin Luther. The author also probes Erasmus's mind and character and discusses his writings, including In Praise of Folly and his great translation of the New Testament.
Human civilization will be forever indebted to the great
thinkers of Jewish philosophy's golden age. Moses Maimonedes, Levi
Gersonides, Judah Halevi, Saadia Gaon, Hasdai Crescas and their
like grappled with some of the most challenging metaphysical
issues, while the profundity of their solutions continue to engage
philosophers today. Did God create the world? Can human freedom be
reconciled with divine foreknowledge? What is the nature of the
good life? Focusing on the central philosophical questions of the
Middle Ages, Daniel Rynhold offers a concise introduction to topics
such as God and creation, human freewill, biblical prophecy, the
Commandments, the divine attributes and immortality. Structured
around themes that form the common "syllabus" of medieval Jewish
philosophy, each chapter builds a debate around a particular topic
and in so doing utilizes the arguments of the chief philosophical
figures of the medieval era. Explaining all concepts in a clear,
non-technical fashion, the book also provides suggestions for
further reading at the end of each chapter. The first dedicated
textbook to introduce the great richness of medieval Jewish
philosophy as a whole, this lively and comprehensive survey is the
ideal introduction for undergraduate students of the subject as
well as the interested general reader.
The nature and content of the thought of Duns Scotus (c.1266-1308) remains largely unknown except by the expert. This book provides an accessible account of Scotus's theology, focusing both on what is distinctive in his thought, and on issues where his insights might prove to be of perennial value.
Im Mittelpunkt des vorliegenden Bandes steht die Untersuchung des
Selbstverstandnisses der praktischen Wissenschaften, wie es sich im
13. und 14. Jahrhundert im Umkreis der Hoheren Fakultaten der
Universitat sowie insbesondere innerhalb der Philosophie
artikuliert. Die Frage nach der Wissenschaftsfahigkeit des
uberlieferten juristischen und medizinischen Wissens sowie jene
nach dem wissenschaftlichen Anspruch der Praktischen Philosophie,
insbesondere der philosophischen Ethik, und der Theologie,
verstanden als einer "scientia practica," beschreiben die
Herausforderung, mit der sich die hier behandelten Autoren und
Texte des Mittelalters beschaftigen. Insbesondere werden in den in
diesem Band versammelten Einzeluntersuchungen die Beitrage von
Albert dem Grossen, Thomas von Aquin, Johannes Duns Scotus und
Wilhelm von Ockham zur Frage einer philosophischen Begrundung des
Status des menschlichen Handlungswissens und der praktischen
Wissenschaften gewurdigt."
This book provides a comprehensive overview of the key themes in
Greek and Roman science, medicine, mathematics and technology. A
distinguished team of specialists engage with topics including the
role of observation and experiment, Presocratic natural philosophy,
ancient creationism, and the special style of ancient Greek
mathematical texts, while several chapters confront key questions
in the philosophy of science such as the relationship between
evidence and explanation. The volume will spark renewed discussion
about the character of 'ancient' versus 'modern' science, and will
broaden readers' understanding of the rich traditions of ancient
Greco-Roman natural philosophy, science, medicine and mathematics.
Boethius composed the De Consolatione Philosophiae in the sixth
century AD whilst awaiting death under torture, condemned on a
charge of treason which he protested was manifestly unjust. Though
a convinced Christian, in detailing the true end of life which is
the soul's knowledge of God, he consoled himself not with Christian
precepts but with the tenets of Greek philosophy. This work
dominated the intellectual world of the Middle Ages; writers as
diverse as Thomas Aquinas, Jean de Meun, and Dante were inspired by
it. In England it was rendered in to Old English by Alfred the
Great, into Middle English by Geoffrey Chaucer, and later Queen
Elizabeth I made her own translation. The circumstances of
composition, the heroic demeanour of the author, and the
'Menippean' texture of part prose, part verse have combined to
exercise a fascination over students of philosophy and literature
ever since. ABOUT THE SERIES: For over 100 years Oxford World's
Classics has made available the widest range of literature from
around the globe. Each affordable volume reflects Oxford's
commitment to scholarship, providing the most accurate text plus a
wealth of other valuable features, including expert introductions
by leading authorities, helpful notes to clarify the text,
up-to-date bibliographies for further study, and much more.
Das Universalienproblem - die Frage nach der Erkenntnis der Natur
des Allgemeinen -, das seit der griechischen Antike zu den
zentralen Problemen philosophischen Denkens zahlt, besitzt fur die
Gegenwart nicht nur philosophischen Wert, sondern liegt zugleich
vielfach wichtigen Streitpunkten in verschiedenen Wissenschaften
zugrunde. Woehler legt eine Auswahl der wichtigsten Primarquellen,
ausgehend von der beruhmten Isagoge des Porphyrios und deren
Kommentierung durch Boethius bis zu Anselm von Canterbury und
Johannes von Salisbury vor, wobei er die arabische Tradition
(Avicenna, Averroes) mit einbezieht. Erstmals werden in dieser
Breite dem deutschen Leser Texte mit dem Ziel zur Verfugung
gestellt, die wesentlichen Entwicklungslinien des Streits um die
Universalien mitvollziehen zu koennen. In seinem umfangreichen
Nachwort gibt Woehler uber die Texterlauterungen hinaus einen
UEberblick uber die Geschichte des Universalienstreits und seinen
Verlauf bis zur Fruhscholastik. Erganzt wird der Band durch ein
deutsch-lateinisches Glossar.
The Middle Ages span a period of well over a millennium: from the emperor Constantine's Christian conversion in 312 to the early sixteenth century. David Luscombe's history of Medieval Thought steers a clear path through this long period, beginning with the three greatest influences on medieval philosophy: Augustine, Boethius, and Pseudo-Denis, and focusing on Abelard, Anselm, Aquinas, Ockham, Duns Scotus, and Eckhart amongst others in the twelfth to fifteenth centuries.
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