This book brings together the first book collection of African research in mathematics education in multilingual societies and chronicles current research in different linguistic contexts across the African continent, (including Algeria, Namibia, Malawi, Morocco, Rwanda, South Africa) on issues of multilingualism in mathematics education, but more importantly, it foregrounds pertinent issues for future research. With many of the authors building on earlier path-breaking African research, the book is a unique contribution of careful thinking through how linguistic diversity and multilingualism manifest in ways that differ from one geopolitical context to another. This volume is an important contribution to the growing recognition of multilingualism as the global ‘linguistic dispensation’ in mathematics education. It is an invitation to how we might (as an international community where more and more multilingualism is the norm rather than an exception) pay more attention to the multilingual agency and capabilities of both students and teachers in order to better harness the epistemic potential of multiple languages in contexts of language diversity in mathematics education.

The future of American STEM education is here...in every state, there are thousands students that would benefit from science education, if only they had the resources, support systems and psychological ownership. There are brilliant young minds that could be called on to solve a myriad of world problems, earning money and respect in the process. But these students don't see science as a viable option for a life. Or they do but there are no textbooks in the classroom, or the teacher is the fifth one this semester...and he is on the verge of leaving too. If STEM (science, technology, engineering and mathematics) careers are the future driving force of the American economy; and if only an anointed few American students choose STEM as a career path, where will that leave us as a nation as we strive to compete on the global stage? Will America maintain its position as leader of the free world? Can a country that shuns the word "elite" ever maintain its elite status? Everything we value depends on this; our national security, reputation, and quality of life all depend on our ability to meet the needs of future generations of American workers as they compete for jobs. Jobs that will require problem solving skills, innovation, creativity, scientific literacy, and mathematical knowledge. Jobs that will require Americans who are tops in their fields with expertise, intellectual curiosity, ambition and vision. This book seeks to address these problems, as well as providing an historical backdrop for the discussion of STEM in American schools, race and gender issues, the effects of the standards movement on STEM, and what good teaching looks like in urban public schools. The future is here. Will we rise to the occasion?

Presented in a clear and straightforward analysis, this book explores quantum mechanics and the application of quantum mechanics to interpret spectral phenomena. Specifically, the book discusses the relation between spectral features in mid or rear infrared regions, or in Raman scattering spectrum, and interactions between molecules or molecular species such as molecular ions, and their respective motions in gaseous or crystalline conditions. Beginning with an overview of conventional methods and problems which arise in molecular spectroscopy, the second half of the book suggests original techniques to investigate the area. The treatment is based on rigorous quantum-mechanical theories and procedures that are readily implemented in either manual methods or with symbolic computational software.

Practical Applications Of Data Mining Emphasizes Both Theory And Applications Of Data Mining Algorithms. Various Topics Of Data Mining Techniques Are Identified And Described Throughout, Including Clustering, Association Rules, Rough Set Theory, Probability Theory, Neural Networks, Classification, And Fuzzy Logic. Each Of These Techniques Is Explored With A Theoretical Introduction And Its Effectiveness Is Demonstrated With Various Chapter Examples. This Book Will Help Any Database And IT Professional Understand How To Apply Data Mining Techniques To Real-World Problems. Following An Introduction To Data Mining Principles, Practical Applications Of Data Mining Introduces Association Rules To Describe The Generation Of Rules As The First Step In Data Mining. It Covers Classification And Clustering Methods To Show How Data Can Be Classified To Retrieve Information From Data. Statistical Functions And Drough Set Theory Are Discussed To Demonstrate How Statistical And Rough Set Formulas Can Be Used For Data Analytics And Knowlege Discovery. Neural Networks Is An Important Branch In Computational Intelligence. It Is Introduced And Explored In The Text To Investigate The Role Of Neural Network Algorithms In Data Analytics.

All those who like to have a constructively critical look at science and all its activities and all those who dearly expect science to be human and holistic in all its endeavours, I hope, will find this journey inspiring and informative. Main features of this book are as follow: (i) to show that science is neither the paradigm of absolute knowledge, rational and objective to the core, nor an enterprise where 'anything goes', with no rationality, no stability, no methodology and no objectivity; (ii) to show that both the rational and the non-rational models of science don't give the actual picture of science, as it is revealed and substantiated by the recent historians of science; (iii) to show the need to go beyond the traditional accounts of rationality in order to have an adequate of understanding of what happens in the realm of science, including the issues of rationality in science; (iv) to explicate some features of the notion of reasonableness and show how these factors, especially the notion of Consensus in the Scientific Community, which are usually neglected in the traditional accounts of science, need to be earnestly considered to arrive at an integrated understanding of rationality in science in terms of reasonableness; and (v) to bring out some of the implications of taking reasonableness seriously in the Cotemporary Science and Society.

From the 5th century BC, when Pythagoras first composed his laws of Western music and science, until the flowering of Romanticism over 2000 years later, scientists and philosophers perceived the cosmos musically, as an ordered mechanism whose smooth operation created a celestial harmony - the music of the spheres. The separation of science and music began with the scientific revolution during the Renaissance, and reached a peak with Romanticism, which celebrated what was human, individual and local. 20th-century science and music, argues Jamie James in this book, have rejected the Romantic ideal and placed the ultimate focus outside the reach of human reason once again. The book provides a survey of the history of science and music, a reassessment of Romanticism and the modernist reaction to it, and a radical intellectual journey.

2. Each chapter opens with necessary definitions and complete proofs of the standard theorems and results. These in turn are followed by solved examples which have been classified in various types and methods. This classification will help the students to revise the subject matter at the time of examination without losing any confidence. 3. Care has been taken not to omit even a minor step so that the students can understand everything without the guidance of a teacher. Hence even an average student will be able to grasp the subject matter easily. Furthermore, the problems have been graded in every chapter to instill confidence in the students. 4. Up-to-date yearwise reference of various examination papers have been given throughout the book. 5. At the end of each chapter objective type questions have been given in keeping with the latest trend of question papers. 6. This book serves as a suitable textbook, help book, reference book and question bank for all examinations.

that it is difficult for us to realize that their general acceptance in the transactions of commerce is a matter of only the last four centuries, and that they are unknown to a very large part of the human race today. It seems strange that such a laborsaving device should have struggled for nearly a thousand years after its system of place value was perfected before it replaced such crude notations as the one that the Roman conqueror made sustantially universal in Europe. Such, however, is the case, and there is probable no one who has not at least some slight passing interest in the story of this struggle. To the mathema tician and the student of civilization the interest is generally a deep one; to the teacher of the elements of knowlendge the interest may be less marked. This story has often been told in part, but it is a long time since any effort has been made to bring together the fragmentary narrations and to set forth the general problem of the origin and development of these numerals. In this little work the author has attempted to state the history of these forms in small compass, to place before the student materials for the investigation of the problems involved, and to express as clearly as possible the results of the labors of scholars who have studied the subject in different parts of the World.

This title features: Introduction Frequency distribution and measures of location, measures of dispersions, skewness & kurtosis moments of frequency distributions; Theory of probability; Discrete probability distributions; Special discrete probability distributions; Univariate continuous probability distributions; Special continuous probability distributions; Principle of least squares, fittings of curves & orthangonal polynomeals; Correlation and regression; Multiple and partial correlation; Theory of sampling; Exact sampling distributions; Tests of significance based on the T,F and Z distributions; Tests of significance based on the chi- square distribution; Statistical theory of point estimation; Testing of hypotheses, sequential analysis distribution; Free methods, statistical decision theory; Elements of stochastic processes orderstatistics; Appendices; Index; and, log tables.