The first edition of Connections was chosen by the National Association of Publishers (USA) as the best book in "Mathematics, Chemistry, and Astronomy - Professional and Reference" in 1991. It has been a comprehensive reference in design science, bringing together in a single volume material from the areas of proportion in architecture and design, tilings and patterns, polyhedra, and symmetry. The book presents both theory and practice and has more than 750 illustrations. It is suitable for research in a variety of fields and as an aid to teaching a course in the mathematics of design. It has been influential in stimulating the burgeoning interest in the relationship between mathematics and design. In the second edition there are five new sections, supplementary, as well as a new preface describing the advances in design science since the publication of the first edition.

Differential geometry and topology have become essential tools for many theoretical physicists. In particular, they are indispensable in theoretical studies of condensed matter physics, gravity, and particle physics. Geometry, Topology and Physics, Second Edition introduces the ideas and techniques of differential geometry and topology at a level suitable for postgraduate students and researchers in these fields. The second edition of this popular and established text incorporates a number of changes designed to meet the needs of the reader and reflect the development of the subject. The book features a considerably expanded first chapter, reviewing aspects of path integral quantization and gauge theories. Chapter 2 introduces the mathematical concepts of maps, vector spaces, and topology. The following chapters focus on more elaborate concepts in geometry and topology and discuss the application of these concepts to liquid crystals, superfluid helium, general relativity, and bosonic string theory. Later chapters unify geometry and topology, exploring fiber bundles, characteristic classes, and index theorems. New to this second edition is the proof of the index theorem in terms of supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The final two chapters are devoted to the most fascinating applications of geometry and topology in contemporary physics, namely the study of anomalies in gauge field theories and the analysis of Polakov's bosonic string theory from the geometrical point of view. Geometry, Topology and Physics, Second Edition is an ideal introduction to differential geometry and topology for postgraduate students and researchers in theoretical and mathematical physics.

Sure to be influential, this book lays the foundations for the use of algebraic geometry in statistical learning theory. Many widely used statistical models and learning machines applied to information science have a parameter space that is singular: mixture models, neural networks, HMMs, Bayesian networks, and stochastic context-free grammars are major examples. Algebraic geometry and singularity theory provide the necessary tools for studying such non-smooth models. Four main formulas are established: 1. the log likelihood function can be given a common standard form using resolution of singularities, even applied to more complex models; 2. the asymptotic behaviour of the marginal likelihood or 'the evidence' is derived based on zeta function theory; 3. new methods are derived to estimate the generalization errors in Bayes and Gibbs estimations from training errors; 4. the generalization errors of maximum likelihood and a posteriori methods are clarified by empirical process theory on algebraic varieties.

Differential Manifold is the framework of particle physics and astrophysics nowadays. It is important for all research physicists to be well accustomed to it and even experimental physicists should be able to manipulate equations and expressions in that framework.This book gives a comprehensive description of the basics of differential manifold with a full proof of any element. A large part of the book is devoted to the basic mathematical concepts in which all necessary for the development of the differential manifold is expounded and fully proved.This book is self-consistent: it starts from first principles. The mathematical framework is the set theory with its axioms and its formal logic. No special knowledge is needed.

The first part of this book provides a self-contained and accessible introduction to the subject in the general setting of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds and their non-degenerate submanifolds, only assuming from the reader some basic knowledge about manifold theory. A number of recent results on pseudo-Riemannian submanifolds are also included.The second part of this book is on -invariants, which was introduced in the early 1990s by the author. The famous Nash embedding theorem published in 1956 was aimed for, in the hope that if Riemannian manifolds could be regarded as Riemannian submanifolds, this would then yield the opportunity to use extrinsic help. However, this hope had not been materialized as pointed out by M Gromov in his 1985 article published in Asterisque. The main reason for this is the lack of control of the extrinsic invariants of the submanifolds by known intrinsic invariants. In order to overcome such difficulties, as well as to provide answers for an open question on minimal immersions, the author introduced in the early 1990s new types of Riemannian invariants, known as -invariants, which are very different in nature from the classical Ricci and scalar curvatures. At the same time he was able to establish general optimal relations between -invariants and the main extrinsic invariants. Since then many new results concerning these -invariants have been obtained by many geometers. The second part of this book is to provide an extensive and comprehensive survey over this very active field of research done during the last two decades.

The tensorial nature of a quantity permits us to formulate transformation rules for its components under a change of basis. These rules are relatively simple and easily grasped by any engineering student familiar with matrix operators in linear algebra. More complex problems arise when one considers the tensor fields that describe continuum bodies. In this case general curvilinear coordinates become necessary. The principal basis of a curvilinear system is constructed as a set of vectors tangent to the coordinate lines. Another basis, called the dual basis, is also constructed in a special manner. The existence of these two bases is responsible for the mysterious covariant and contravariant terminology encountered in tensor discussions.A tensor field is a tensor-valued function of position in space. The use of tensor fields allows us to present physical laws in a clear, compact form. A byproduct is a set of simple and clear rules for the representation of vector differential operators such as gradient, divergence, and Laplacian in curvilinear coordinate systems.This book is a clear, concise, and self-contained treatment of tensors, tensor fields, and their applications. The book contains practically all the material on tensors needed for applications. It shows how this material is applied in mechanics, covering the foundations of the linear theories of elasticity and elastic shells.The main results are all presented in the first four chapters. The remainder of the book shows how one can apply these results to differential geometry and the study of various types of objects in continuum mechanics such as elastic bodies, plates, and shells. Each chapter of this new edition is supplied with exercises and problems - most with solutions, hints, or answers to help the reader progress. An extended appendix serves as a handbook-style summary of all important formulas contained in the book.

'The presentation is modeled on the discursive style of the Bourbaki collective, and the coverage of topics is rich and varied. Grandis has provided a large selection of exercises and has sprinkled orienting comments throughout. For an undergraduate library where strong students seek an overview of a significant portion of mathematics, this would be an excellent acquisition. Summing up: Recommended.'CHOICESince the last century, a large part of Mathematics is concerned with the study of mathematical structures, from groups to fields and vector spaces, from lattices to Boolean algebras, from metric spaces to topological spaces, from topological groups to Banach spaces.More recently, these structured sets and their transformations have been assembled in higher structures, called categories.We want to give a structural overview of these topics, where the basic facts of the different theories are unified through the 'universal properties' that they satisfy, and their particularities stand out, perhaps even more.This book can be used as a textbook for undergraduate studies and for self-study. It can provide students of Mathematics with a unified perspective of subjects which are often kept apart. It is also addressed to students and researchers of disciplines having strong interactions with Mathematics, like Physics and Chemistry, Statistics, Computer Science, Engineering.

This book casts the theory of periods of algebraic varieties in the natural setting of Madhav Nori's abelian category of mixed motives. It develops Nori's approach to mixed motives from scratch, thereby filling an important gap in the literature, and then explains the connection of mixed motives to periods, including a detailed account of the theory of period numbers in the sense of Kontsevich-Zagier and their structural properties. Period numbers are central to number theory and algebraic geometry, and also play an important role in other fields such as mathematical physics. There are long-standing conjectures about their transcendence properties, best understood in the language of cohomology of algebraic varieties or, more generally, motives. Readers of this book will discover that Nori's unconditional construction of an abelian category of motives (over fields embeddable into the complex numbers) is particularly well suited for this purpose. Notably, Kontsevich's formal period algebra represents a torsor under the motivic Galois group in Nori's sense, and the period conjecture of Kontsevich and Zagier can be recast in this setting. Periods and Nori Motives is highly informative and will appeal to graduate students interested in algebraic geometry and number theory as well as researchers working in related fields. Containing relevant background material on topics such as singular cohomology, algebraic de Rham cohomology, diagram categories and rigid tensor categories, as well as many interesting examples, the overall presentation of this book is self-contained.

In China, lots of excellent maths students take an active interest in various maths contests and the best six senior high school students will be selected to form the IMO National Team to compete in the International Mathematical Olympiad. In the past ten years China's IMO Team has achieved outstanding results - they won the first place almost every year.The author is one of the coaches of China's IMO National Team, whose students have won many gold medals many times in IMO.This book is part of the Mathematical Olympiad Series which discusses several aspects related to maths contests, such as algebra, number theory, combinatorics, graph theory and geometry. The book elaborates on Geometric Inequality problems such as inequality for the inscribed quadrilateral, the area inequality for special polygons, linear geometric inequalities, etc.

This volume contains contributions of principal speakers of the symposium on geometry and analysis of automorphic forms of several variables, held in September 2009 at Tokyo, Japan, in honor of Takayuki Oda's 60th birthday. It presents both research and survey articles in the fields that are the main themes of his work. The volume may serve as a guide to developing areas as well as a resource for researchers who seek a broader view and for students who are beginning to explore automorphic form.

There is now much interplay between studies on logarithmic forms and deep aspects of arithmetic algebraic geometry. New light has been shed, for instance, on the famous conjectures of Tate and Shafarevich relating to abelian varieties and the associated celebrated discoveries of Faltings establishing the Mordell conjecture. This book gives an account of the theory of linear forms in the logarithms of algebraic numbers with special emphasis on the important developments of the past twenty-five years. The first part covers basic material in transcendental number theory but with a modern perspective. The remainder assumes some background in Lie algebras and group varieties, and covers, in some instances for the first time in book form, several advanced topics. The final chapter summarises other aspects of Diophantine geometry including hypergeometric theory and the Andre-Oort conjecture. A comprehensive bibliography rounds off this definitive survey of effective methods in Diophantine geometry.

For prospective elementary and middle school teachers. This text provides a creative, inquiry-based experience with geometry that is appropriate for prospective elementary and middle school teachers. The coherent series of text activities supports each student's growth toward being a confident, independent learner empowered with the help of peers to make sense of the geometric world. This curriculum is explicitly developed to provide future elementary and middle school teachers with * experience recalling and appropriately using standard geometry ideas, * experience learning and making sense of new geometry, * experience discussing geometry with peers, * experience asking questions about geometry, * experience listening and understanding as others talk about geometry, * experience gaining meaning from reading geometry, * experience expressing geometry ideas through writing, * experience thinking about geometry, and * experience doing geometry. These activities constitute an "inquiry based" curriculum. In this style of learning and teaching, whole class discussions and group work replace listening to lectures as the dominant class activity.

This book contains selected topics from the history of geometry, with "modern" proofs of some of the results, as well as a fully modern treatment of selected basic issues in geometry. It is geared towards the needs of future mathematics teachers. One of my goals for this book is to open up for the dynamic character of geometry as such, and to extend an invitation to geometry as a gateway to mathematics in general. It is unfortunate that today, at a time when mathematics is more important than ever, phrases like math avoidance and math anxiety are very much in the public vocabulary. Making a serious effort to heal these ills is an essential task. Thus the book also aims at an informed public, interested in making a new beginning in math For the 2nd edition, some of the historical material has been expanded and numerous illustrations have been added, as has a chapter on polyhedra and tessellations and their symmetries. A large number of exercises with some suggestions for solutions is also included.

At the present time, the average undergraduate mathematics major finds mathematics heavily compartmentalized. After the calculus, he takes a course in analysis and a course in algebra. Depending upon his interests (or those of his department), he takes courses in special topics. Ifhe is exposed to topology, it is usually straightforward point set topology; if he is exposed to geom etry, it is usually classical differential geometry. The exciting revelations that there is some unity in mathematics, that fields overlap, that techniques of one field have applications in another, are denied the undergraduate. He must wait until he is well into graduate work to see interconnections, presumably because earlier he doesn't know enough. These notes are an attempt to break up this compartmentalization, at least in topology-geometry. What the student has learned in algebra and advanced calculus are used to prove some fairly deep results relating geometry, topol ogy, and group theory. (De Rham's theorem, the Gauss-Bonnet theorem for surfaces, the functorial relation of fundamental group to covering space, and surfaces of constant curvature as homogeneous spaces are the most note worthy examples.) In the first two chapters the bare essentials of elementary point set topology are set forth with some hint ofthe subject's application to functional analysis."

This book is a systematic treatment of real algebraic geometry, a subject that has strong interrelation with other areas of mathematics: singularity theory, differential topology, quadratic forms, commutative algebra, model theory, complexity theory etc. The careful and clearly written account covers both basic concepts and up-to-date research topics. It may be used as text for a graduate course. The present edition is a substantially revised and expanded English version of the book "Géometrie algébrique réelle" originally published in French, in 1987, as Volume 12 of ERGEBNISSE. Since the publication of the French version the theory has made advances in several directions. Many of these are included in this English version. Thus the English book may be regarded as a completely new treatment of the subject.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the Calculus of Variations and its use in modelling mechanics and physics problems. Presenting a geometric approach to the subject, it progressively guides the reader through this very active branch of mathematics, accompanying key statements with a huge variety of exercises, some of them solved. Stressing the need to overcome limitations of the initial point of view, and emphasising the interconnectivity of various branches of mathematics (algebra, analysis and geometry), the book includes some advanced material to challenge the most motivated students. Systematic, short historical notes provide details on the subject's odyssey, and how new tools have been developed over the last two centuries. This English translation updates a set of notes for a course first given at the Ecole polytechnique in 1987. It will be accessible to graduate students and advanced undergraduates.

This volume contains the proceedings of the ICM 2018 satellite school and workshop $K$-theory conference in Argentina. The school was held from July 16-20, 2018, in La Plata, Argentina, and the workshop was held from July 23-27, 2018, in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The volume showcases current developments in $K$-theory and related areas, including motives, homological algebra, index theory, operator algebras, and their applications and connections. Papers cover topics such as $K$-theory of group rings, Witt groups of real algebraic varieties, coarse homology theories, topological cyclic homology, negative $K$-groups of monoid algebras, Milnor $K$-theory and regulators, noncommutative motives, the classification of $C^*$-algebras via Kasparov's $K$-theory, the comparison between full and reduced $C^*$-crossed products, and a proof of Bott periodicity using almost commuting matrices.

This book is a translation of an authoritative introductory text based on a lecture series delivered by the renowned differential geometer, Professor S S Chern in Beijing University in 1980. The original Chinese text, authored by Professor Chern and Professor Wei-Huan Chen, was a unique contribution to the mathematics literature, combining simplicity and economy of approach with depth of contents. The present translation is aimed at a wide audience, including (but not limited to) advanced undergraduate and graduate students in mathematics, as well as physicists interested in the diverse applications of differential geometry to physics. In addition to a thorough treatment of the fundamentals of manifold theory, exterior algebra, the exterior calculus, connections on fiber bundles, Riemannian geometry, Lie groups and moving frames, and complex manifolds (with a succinct introduction to the theory of Chern classes), and an appendix on the relationship between differential geometry and theoretical physics, this book includes a new chapter on Finsler geometry and a new appendix on the history and recent developments of differential geometry, the latter prepared specially for this edition by Professor Chern to bring the text into perspectives.

Commutative Algebra is best understood with knowledge of the geometric ideas that have played a great role in its formation, in short, with a view towards algebraic geometry. The author presents a comprehensive view of commutative algebra, from basics, such as localization and primary decomposition, through dimension theory, differentials, homological methods, free resolutions and duality, emphasizing the origins of the ideas and their connections with other parts of mathematics. Many exercises illustrate and sharpen the theory and extended exercises give the reader an active part in complementing the material presented in the text. One novel feature is a chapter devoted to a quick but thorough treatment of Grobner basis theory and the constructive methods in commutative algebra and algebraic geometry that flow from it. Applications of the theory and even suggestions for computer algebra projects are included. This book will appeal to readers from beginners to advanced students of commutative algebra or algebraic geometry. To help beginners, the essential ideals from algebraic geometry are treated from scratch. Appendices on homological algebra, multilinear algebra and several other useful topics help to make the book relatively self- contained. Novel results and presentations are scattered throughout the text.

Spaces of constant curvature, i.e. Euclidean space, the sphere, and Loba chevskij space, occupy a special place in geometry. They are most accessible to our geometric intuition, making it possible to develop elementary geometry in a way very similar to that used to create the geometry we learned at school. However, since its basic notions can be interpreted in different ways, this geometry can be applied to objects other than the conventional physical space, the original source of our geometric intuition. Euclidean geometry has for a long time been deeply rooted in the human mind. The same is true of spherical geometry, since a sphere can naturally be embedded into a Euclidean space. Lobachevskij geometry, which in the first fifty years after its discovery had been regarded only as a logically feasible by-product appearing in the investigation of the foundations of geometry, has even now, despite the fact that it has found its use in numerous applications, preserved a kind of exotic and even romantic element. This may probably be explained by the permanent cultural and historical impact which the proof of the independence of the Fifth Postulate had on human thought."

Over the last 15 years important results have been achieved in the field of "Hilbert Modular" Varieties. Though the main emphasis of this book is on the geometry of Hilbert modular surfaces, both geometric and arithmetic aspects are treated. An abundance of examples - in fact a whole chapter - completes this competent presentation of the subject. This "Ergebnisbericht" will soon become an indispensible tool for graduate students and researchers in this field.

This volume presents some of the lectures and research during the special programme held at the Newton Institute in 1994. The book, in two parts, begins with an introductory overview. The two parts each contain a mix of substantial expository articles and research papers that outline important and topical ideas. Many of the results have not been presented before. Symplectic methods are one of the most active areas of research in mathematics currently, and this volume will attract much attention.

For mathematicians working in group theory, the study of the many infinite-dimensional groups has been carried out in an individual and non-coherent way. For the first time, these apparently disparate groups have been placed together, in order to construct the `big picture'. This book successfully gives an account of this - and shows how such seemingly dissimilar types such as the various groups of operators on Hilbert spaces, or current groups are shown to belong to a bigger entitity. This is a ground-breaking text will be important reading for advanced undergraduate and graduate mathematicians.

The techniques and concepts of modern algebra are introduced for their natural role in the study of projectile geometry; groups appear as automorphism groups of configurations, division rings appear in the study of Desargues' theorem and the study of the independence of the seven axioms given for projectile geometry.