The present monograph develops a versatile and profound mathematical perspective of the Wright--Fisher model of population genetics. This well-known and intensively studied model carries a rich and beautiful mathematical structure, which is uncovered here in a systematic manner. In addition to approaches by means of analysis, combinatorics and PDE, a geometric perspective is brought in through Amari's and Chentsov's information geometry. This concept allows us to calculate many quantities of interest systematically; likewise, the employed global perspective elucidates the stratification of the model in an unprecedented manner. Furthermore, the links to statistical mechanics and large deviation theory are explored and developed into powerful tools. Altogether, the manuscript provides a solid and broad working basis for graduate students and researchers interested in this field.

This book deals with the classical theory of Nevanlinna on the value distribution of meromorphic functions of one complex variable, based on minimum prerequisites for complex manifolds. The theory was extended to several variables by S. Kobayashi, T. Ochiai, J. Carleson, and P. Griffiths in the early 1970s. K. Kodaira took up this subject in his course at The University of Tokyo in 1973 and gave an introductory account of this development in the context of his final paper, contained in this book. The first three chapters are devoted to holomorphic mappings from C to complex manifolds. In the fourth chapter, holomorphic mappings between higher dimensional manifolds are covered. The book is a valuable treatise on the Nevanlinna theory, of special interests to those who want to understand Kodaira's unique approach to basic questions on complex manifolds.

Following an initiative of the late Hans Zassenhaus in 1965, the Departments of Mathematics at The Ohio State University and Denison University organize conferences in combinatorics, group theory, and ring theory. Between May 18-21, 2000, the 25th conference of this series was held. Usually, there are twenty to thirty invited 20-minute talks in each of the three main areas. However, at the 2000 meeting, the combinatorics part of the conference was extended, to honor the 65th birthday of Professor Dijen Ray-Chaudhuri. This volulme is the proceedings of this extension. Most of the papers are in coding theory and design theory, reflecting the major interest of Professor Ray-Chaudhuri, but there are articles on association schemes, algebraic graph theory, combinatorial geometry, and network flows as well. There are four surveys and seventeen research articles, and all of these went through a thorough refereeing process. The volume is primarily recommended for researchers and graduate students interested in new developments in coding theory and design theory.

This book consists of 16 surveys on Thurston's work and its later development. The authors are mathematicians who were strongly influenced by Thurston's publications and ideas. The subjects discussed include, among others, knot theory, the topology of 3-manifolds, circle packings, complex projective structures, hyperbolic geometry, Kleinian groups, foliations, mapping class groups, Teichmuller theory, anti-de Sitter geometry, and co-Minkowski geometry. The book is addressed to researchers and students who want to learn about Thurston's wide-ranging mathematical ideas and their impact. At the same time, it is a tribute to Thurston, one of the greatest geometers of all time, whose work extended over many fields in mathematics and who had a unique way of perceiving forms and patterns, and of communicating and writing mathematics.

In this textbook the authors present first-year geometry roughly in the order in which it was discovered. The first five chapters show how the ancient Greeks established geometry, together with its numerous practical applications, while more recent findings on Euclidian geometry are discussed as well. The following three chapters explain the revolution in geometry due to the progress made in the field of algebra by Descartes, Euler and Gauss. Spatial geometry, vector algebra and matrices are treated in chapters 9 and 10. The last chapteroffers an introduction to projective geometry, which emerged in the19thcentury.

Complemented by numerous examples, exercises, figures and pictures, the book offers both motivation and insightful explanations, and provides stimulating and enjoyable reading for students and teachers alike.
"

This book, the third book in the four-volume series in algebra, deals with important topics in homological algebra, including abstract theory of derived functors, sheaf co-homology, and an introduction to etale and l-adic co-homology. It contains four chapters which discuss homology theory in an abelian category together with some important and fundamental applications in geometry, topology, algebraic geometry (including basics in abstract algebraic geometry), and group theory. The book will be of value to graduate and higher undergraduate students specializing in any branch of mathematics. The author has tried to make the book self-contained by introducing relevant concepts and results required. Prerequisite knowledge of the basics of algebra, linear algebra, topology, and calculus of several variables will be useful.

Local structures, like differentiable manifolds, fibre bundles, vector bundles and foliations, can be obtained by gluing together a family of suitable 'elementary spaces', by means of partial homeomorphisms that fix the gluing conditions and form a sort of 'intrinsic atlas', instead of the more usual system of charts living in an external framework.An 'intrinsic manifold' is defined here as such an atlas, in a suitable category of elementary spaces: open euclidean spaces, or trivial bundles, or trivial vector bundles, and so on.This uniform approach allows us to move from one basis to another: for instance, the elementary tangent bundle of an open Euclidean space is automatically extended to the tangent bundle of any differentiable manifold. The same holds for tensor calculus.Technically, the goal of this book is to treat these structures as 'symmetric enriched categories' over a suitable basis, generally an ordered category of partial mappings.This approach to gluing structures is related to Ehresmann's one, based on inductive pseudogroups and inductive categories. A second source was the theory of enriched categories and Lawvere's unusual view of interesting mathematical structures as categories enriched over a suitable basis.

The textbook provides both beginner and experienced CAD users with the math behind the CAD. The geometry tools introduced here help the reader exploit commercial CAD software to its fullest extent. In fact, the book enables the reader to go beyond what CAD software packages offer in their menus. Chapter 1 summarizes the basic Linear and Vector Algebra pertinent to vectors in 3D, with some novelties: the 2D form of the vector product and the manipulation of "larger" matrices and vectors by means of block-partitioning of larger arrays. In chapter 2 the relations among points, lines and curves in the plane are revised accordingly; the difference between curves representing functions and their geometric counterparts is emphasized. Geometric objects in 3D, namely, points, planes, lines and surfaces are the subject of chapter 3; of the latter, only quadrics are studied, to keep the discussion at an elementary level, but the interested reader is guided to the literature on splines. The concept of affine transformations, at the core of CAD software, is introduced in chapter 4, which includes applications of these transformations to the synthesis of curves and surfaces that would be extremely cumbersome to produce otherwise. The book, catering to various disciplines such as engineering, graphic design, animation and architecture, is kept discipline-independent, while including examples of interest to the various disciplines. Furthermore, the book can be an invaluable complement to undergraduate lectures on CAD.

This volume aims to bridge between elementary textbooks on calculus and established books on advanced analysis. It provides elucidation of the reversible process of differentiation and integration through two featured principles: the chain rule and its inverse - the change of variable - as well as the Leibniz rule and its inverse - the integration by parts. The chain rule or differentiation of composite functions is ubiquitous since almost all (a.a.) functions are composite functions of (elementary) functions and with the change of variable method as its reverse process. The Leibniz rule or differentiation of the product of two functions is essential since it makes differentiation nonlinear and with the method of integration by parts as its reverse process.Readers will find numerous worked-out examples and exercises in this volume. Detailed solutions are provided for most of the common exercises so that readers remain enthusiastically motivated in solving and understanding the concepts better.The intention of this volume is to lead the reader into the rich fields of advanced analysis and to obtain a much better view of useful mathematics.

This book presents the most up-to-date and sophisticated account of the theory of Euclidean lattices and sequences of Euclidean lattices, in the framework of Arakelov geometry, where Euclidean lattices are considered as vector bundles over arithmetic curves. It contains a complete description of the theta invariants which give rise to a closer parallel with the geometric case. The author then unfolds his theory of infinite Hermitian vector bundles over arithmetic curves and their theta invariants, which provides a conceptual framework to deal with the sequences of lattices occurring in many diophantine constructions. The book contains many interesting original insights and ties to other theories. It is written with extreme care, with a clear and pleasant style, and never sacrifices accessibility to sophistication.

This is the most comprehensive survey of the mathematical life of the legendary Paul Erdos (1913-1996), one of the most versatile and prolific mathematicians of our time. For the first time, all the main areas of Erdos' research are covered in a single project. Because of overwhelming response from the mathematical community, the project now occupies over 1000 pages, arranged into two volumes. These volumes contain both high level research articles as well as key articles that survey some of the cornerstones of Erdos' work, each written by a leading world specialist in the field. A special chapter "Early Days", rare photographs, and art related to Erdos complement this striking collection. A unique contribution is the bibliography on Erdos' publications: the most comprehensive ever published. This new edition, dedicated to the 100th anniversary of Paul Erdos' birth, contains updates on many of the articles from the two volumes of the first edition, several new articles from prominent mathematicians, a new introduction, more biographical information about Paul Erdos, and an updated list of publications. The first volume contains the unique chapter "Early Days", which features personal memories of Paul Erdos by a number of his colleagues. The other three chapters cover number theory, random methods, and geometry. All of these chapters are essentially updated, most notably the geometry chapter that covers the recent solution of the problem on the number of distinct distances in finite planar sets, which was the most popular of Erdos' favorite geometry problems.

Traditionally the Adams-Novikov spectral sequence has been a tool which has enabled the computation of generators and relations to describe homotopy groups. Here a natural geometric description of the sequence is given in terms of cobordism theory and manifolds with singularities. The author brings together many interesting results not widely known outside the USSR, including some recent work by Vershinin. This book will be of great interest to researchers into algebraic topology.

Focuses on the latest research in Graph Theory Provides recent research findings that are occurring in this field Discusses the advanced developments and gives insights on an international and transnational level Identifies the gaps in the results Presents forthcoming international studies and researches, long with applications in Networking, Computer Science, Chemistry, Biological Sciences, etc.

This book is an introduction to singularities for graduate students and researchers. Algebraic geometry is said to have originated in the seventeenth century with the famous work Discours de la methode pour bien conduire sa raison, et chercher la verite dans les sciences by Descartes. In that book he introduced coordinates to the study of geometry. After its publication, research on algebraic varieties developed steadily. Many beautiful results emerged in mathematicians' works. First, mostly non-singular varieties were studied. In the past three decades, however, it has become clear that singularities are necessary for us to have a good description of the framework of varieties. For example, it is impossible to formulate minimal model theory for higher-dimensional cases without singularities. A remarkable fact is that the study of singularities is developing and people are beginning to see that singularities are interesting and can be handled by human beings. This book is a handy introduction to singularities for anyone interested in singularities. The focus is on an isolated singularity in an algebraic variety. After preparation of varieties, sheaves, and homological algebra, some known results about 2-dimensional isolated singularities are introduced. Then a classification of higher-dimensional isolated singularities is shown according to plurigenera and the behavior of singularities under a deformation is studied. In the second edition, brief descriptions about recent remarkable developments of the researches are added as the last chapter.

This is the first exposition of the theory of quasi-symmetric designs, that is, combinatorial designs with at most two block intersection numbers. The authors aim to bring out the interaction among designs, finite geometries, and strongly regular graphs. The book starts with basic, classical material on designs and strongly regular graphs and continues with a discussion of some important results on quasi-symmetric designs. The later chapters include a combinatorial construction of the Witt designs from the projective plane of order four, recent results dealing with a structural study of designs resulting from Cameron's classification theory on extensions of symmetric designs, and results on the classification problem of quasi-symmetric designs. The final chapter presents connections to coding theory.

This book provides a systematic presentation of the mathematical foundation of modern physics with applications particularly within classical mechanics and the theory of relativity. Written to be self-contained, this book provides complete and rigorous proofs of all the results presented within. Among the themes illustrated in the book are differentiable manifolds, differential forms, fiber bundles and differential geometry with non-trivial applications especially within the general theory of relativity. The emphasis is upon a systematic and logical construction of the mathematical foundations. It can be used as a textbook for a pure mathematics course in differential geometry, assuming the reader has a good understanding of basic analysis, linear algebra and point set topology. The book will also appeal to students of theoretical physics interested in the mathematical foundation of the theories.

Knot Projections offers a comprehensive overview of the latest methods in the study of this branch of topology, based on current research inspired by Arnold's theory of plane curves, Viro's quantization of the Arnold invariant, and Vassiliev's theory of knots, among others. The presentation exploits the intuitiveness of knot projections to introduce the material to an audience without a prior background in topology, making the book suitable as a useful alternative to standard textbooks on the subject. However, the main aim is to serve as an introduction to an active research subject, and includes many open questions.

MATRIX is Australia's international and residential mathematical research institute. It facilitates new collaborations and mathematical advances through intensive residential research programs, each 1-4 weeks in duration. This book is a scientific record of the eight programs held at MATRIX in 2018: - Non-Equilibrium Systems and Special Functions - Algebraic Geometry, Approximation and Optimisation - On the Frontiers of High Dimensional Computation - Month of Mathematical Biology - Dynamics, Foliations, and Geometry In Dimension 3 - Recent Trends on Nonlinear PDEs of Elliptic and Parabolic Type - Functional Data Analysis and Beyond - Geometric and Categorical Representation Theory The articles are grouped into peer-reviewed contributions and other contributions. The peer-reviewed articles present original results or reviews on a topic related to the MATRIX program; the remaining contributions are predominantly lecture notes or short articles based on talks or activities at MATRIX.