In recent times, group theory has found wider applications in various fields of algebra and mathematics in general. But in order to apply this or that result, you need to know about it, and such results are often diffuse and difficult to locate, necessitating that readers construct an extended search through multiple monographs, articles, and papers. Such readers must wade through the morass of concepts and auxiliary statements that are needed to understand the desired results, while it is initially unclear which of them are really needed and which ones can be dispensed with. A further difficulty that one may encounter might be concerned with the form or language in which a given result is presented. For example, if someone knows the basics of group theory, but does not know the theory of representations, and a group theoretical result is formulated in the language of representation theory, then that person is faced with the problem of translating this result into the language with which they are familiar, etc. Infinite Groups: A Roadmap to Some Classical Areas seeks to overcome this challenge. The book covers a broad swath of the theory of infinite groups, without giving proofs, but with all the concepts and auxiliary results necessary for understanding such results. In other words, this book is an extended directory, or a guide, to some of the more established areas of infinite groups. Features An excellent resource for a subject formerly lacking an accessible and in-depth reference Suitable for graduate students, PhD students, and researchers working in group theory Introduces the reader to the most important methods, ideas, approaches, and constructions in infinite group theory.

This book contains the proceedings of the AMS Special Session on Topology of Biopolymers, held from April 21-22, 2018, at Northeastern University, Boston, MA. The papers cover recent results on the topology and geometry of DNA and protein knotting using techniques from knot theory, spatial graph theory, differential geometry, molecular simulations, and laboratory experimentation. They include current work on the following topics: the density and supercoiling of DNA minicircles; the dependence of DNA geometry on its amino acid sequence; random models of DNA knotting; topological models of DNA replication and recombination; theories of how and why proteins knot; topological and geometric approaches to identifying entanglements in proteins; and topological and geometric techniques to predict protein folding rates. All of the articles are written as surveys intended for a broad interdisciplinary audience with a minimum of prerequisites. In addition to being a useful reference for experts, this book also provides an excellent introduction to the fast-moving field of topology and geometry of biopolymers.

Whether you're a student or an adult looking to refresh your knowledge, Barron's Painless Geometry provides review and practice in an easy, step-by-step format. An essential resource for: Virtual Learning Homeschool Learning pods Supplementing classes/in-person learning Inside you'll find: Comprehensive coverage of geometry, including characteristics of distinct shapes, relationships between parallel and perpendicular lines, geometric principles that can solve real-world problems, and much more Diagrams, charts, instructive math illustrations, proofs, and experiments Painless tips, common pitfalls, and math talk boxes that translate complex "math speak" into easy-to-understand language Brain Tickler quizzes and answers throughout each chapter to test your progress

The purpose of this book is to present the classical analytic function theory of several variables as a standard subject in a course of mathematics after learning the elementary materials (sets, general topology, algebra, one complex variable). This includes the essential parts of Grauert-Remmert's two volumes, GL227(236) (Theory of Stein spaces) and GL265 (Coherent analytic sheaves) with a lowering of the level for novice graduate students (here, Grauert's direct image theorem is limited to the case of finite maps).The core of the theory is "Oka's Coherence", found and proved by Kiyoshi Oka. It is indispensable, not only in the study of complex analysis and complex geometry, but also in a large area of modern mathematics. In this book, just after an introductory chapter on holomorphic functions (Chap. 1), we prove Oka's First Coherence Theorem for holomorphic functions in Chap. 2. This defines a unique character of the book compared with other books on this subject, in which the notion of coherence appears much later.The present book, consisting of nine chapters, gives complete treatments of the following items: Coherence of sheaves of holomorphic functions (Chap. 2); Oka-Cartan's Fundamental Theorem (Chap. 4); Coherence of ideal sheaves of complex analytic subsets (Chap. 6); Coherence of the normalization sheaves of complex spaces (Chap. 6); Grauert's Finiteness Theorem (Chaps. 7, 8); Oka's Theorem for Riemann domains (Chap. 8). The theories of sheaf cohomology and domains of holomorphy are also presented (Chaps. 3, 5). Chapter 6 deals with the theory of complex analytic subsets. Chapter 8 is devoted to the applications of formerly obtained results, proving Cartan-Serre's Theorem and Kodaira's Embedding Theorem. In Chap. 9, we discuss the historical development of "Coherence".It is difficult to find a book at this level that treats all of the above subjects in a completely self-contained manner. In the present volume, a number of classical proofs are improved and simplified, so that the contents are easily accessible for beginning graduate students.

This volume presents a collection of results related to the BSD conjecture, based on the first two India-China conferences on this topic. It provides an overview of the conjecture and a few special cases where the conjecture is proved. The broad theme of the two conferences was "Theoretical and Computational Aspects of the Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer Conjecture". The first was held at Beijing International Centre for Mathematical Research (BICMR) in December 2014 and the second was held at the International Centre for Theoretical Sciences (ICTS), Bangalore, India in December 2016. Providing a broad overview of the subject, the book is a valuable resource for young researchers wishing to work in this area. The articles have an extensive list of references to enable diligent researchers to gain an idea of the current state of art on this conjecture.

In recent years, the discovery of new algorithms for dealing with polynomial equations, coupled with their implementation on fast inexpensive computers, has sparked a minor revolution in the study and practice of algebraic geometry. These algorithmic methods have also given rise to some exciting new applications of algebraic geometry. This book illustrates the many uses of algebraic geometry, highlighting some of the more recent applications of Grobner bases and resultants. In order to do this, the authors provide an introduction to some algebraic objects and techniques which are more advanced than one typically encounters in a first course, but nonetheless of great utility. The book is written for nonspecialists and for readers with a diverse range of backgrounds. It assumes knowledge of the material covered in a standard undergraduate course in abstract algebra, and it would help to have some previous exposure to Grobner bases. The book does not assume the reader is familiar with more advanced concepts such as modules. For this new edition the authors added two new sections and a new chapter, updated the references and made numerous minor improvements throughout the text."

Visualization research aims to provide insight into large, complicated data sets and the phenomena behind them. While there are di?erent methods of reaching this goal, topological methods stand out for their solid mathem- ical foundation, which guides the algorithmic analysis and its presentation. Topology-based methods in visualization have been around since the beg- ning of visualization as a scienti?c discipline, but they initially played only a minor role. In recent years,interest in topology-basedvisualization has grown andsigni?cantinnovationhasledto newconceptsandsuccessfulapplications. The latest trends adapt basic topological concepts to precisely express user interests in topological properties of the data. This book is the outcome of the second workshop on Topological Methods in Visualization, which was held March 4-6, 2007 in Kloster Nimbschen near Leipzig,Germany.Theworkshopbroughttogethermorethan40international researchers to present and discuss the state of the art and new trends in the ?eld of topology-based visualization. Two inspiring invited talks by George Haller, MIT, and Nelson Max, LLNL, were accompanied by 14 presentations by participants and two panel discussions on current and future trends in visualization research. This book contains thirteen research papers that have been peer-reviewed in a two-stage review process. In the ?rst phase, submitted papers where peer-reviewed by the international program committee. After the workshop accepted papers went through a revision and a second review process taking into account comments from the ?rst round and discussions at the workshop. Abouthalfthepapersconcerntopology-basedanalysisandvisualizationof ?uid?owsimulations;twopapersconcernmoregeneraltopologicalalgorithms, while the remaining papers discuss topology-based visualization methods in application areas like biology, medical imaging and electromagnetism.

Although not so well known today, Book 4 of Pappus Collection is one of the most important and influential mathematical texts from antiquity. The mathematical vignettes form a portrait of mathematics during the Hellenistic "Golden Age," illustrating central problems for example, squaring the circle; doubling the cube; and trisecting an angle varying solution strategies, and the different mathematical styles within ancient geometry.

This volume provides an English translation of Collection 4, in full, for the first time, including: a new edition of the Greek text, based on a fresh transcription from the main manuscript and offering an alternative to Hultsch 's standard edition, notes to facilitate understanding of the steps in the mathematical argument, a commentary highlighting aspects of the work that have so far been neglected, and supporting the reconstruction of a coherent plan and vision within the work, bibliographical references for further study.

Through two previous editions, the third edition of this popular and intriguing text takes both an analytical/theoretical approach and a visual/intuitive approach to the local and global properties of curves and surfaces. Requiring only multivariable calculus and linear algebra, it develops students' geometric intuition through interactive graphics applets. Applets are presented in Maple workbook format, which readers can access using the free Maple Player. The book explains the reasons for various definitions while the interactive applets offer motivation for definitions, allowing students to explore examples further, and give a visual explanation of complicated theorems. The ability to change parametric curves and parametrized surfaces in an applet lets students probe the concepts far beyond what static text permits. Investigative project ideas promote student research. At users of the previous editions' request, this third edition offers a broader list of exercises. More elementary exercises are added and some challenging problems are moved later in exercise sets to assure more graduated progress. The authors also add hints to motivate students grappling with the more difficult exercises. This student-friendly and readable approach offers additional examples, well-placed to assist student comprehension. In the presentation of the Gauss-Bonnet Theorem, the authors provide more intuition and stepping-stones to help students grasp phenomena behind it. Also, the concept of a homeomorphism is new to students even though it is a key theoretical component of the definition of a regular surface. Providing more examples show students how to prove certain functions are homeomorphisms.

This interdisciplinary volume collects contributions from experts in their respective fields with as common theme diagrams. Diagrams play a fundamental role in the mathematical visualization and philosophical analysis of forms in space. Some of the most interesting and profound recent developments in contemporary sciences, whether in topology, geometry, dynamic systems theory, quantum field theory or string theory, have been made possible by the introduction of new types of diagrams, which, in addition to their essential role in the discovery of new classes of spaces and phenomena, have contributed to enriching and clarifying the meaning of the operations, structures and properties that are at the heart of these spaces and phenomena. The volume gives a closer look at the scope and the nature of diagrams as constituents of mathematical and physical thought, their function in contemporary artistic work, and appraise, in particular, the actual importance of the diagrams of knots, of braids, of fields, of interaction, of strings in topology and geometry, in quantum physics and in cosmology, but also in theory of perception, in plastic arts and in philosophy. The editors carefully curated this volume to be an inspiration to students and researchers in philosophy, phenomenology, mathematics and the sciences, as well as artists, musicians and the general interested audience.

This text presents differential forms from a geometric perspective accessible at the undergraduate level. It begins with basic concepts such as partial differentiation and multiple integration and gently develops the entire machinery of differential forms. The subject is approached with the idea that complex concepts can be built up by analogy from simpler cases, which, being inherently geometric, often can be best understood visually. Each new concept is presented with a natural picture that students can easily grasp. Algebraic properties then follow. The book contains excellent motivation, numerous illustrations and solutions to selected problems.

This book introduces differential geometry and cutting-edge findings from the discipline by incorporating both classical approaches and modern discrete differential geometry across all facets and applications, including graphics and imaging, physics and networks. With curvature as the centerpiece, the authors present the development of differential geometry, from curves to surfaces, thence to higher dimensional manifolds; and from smooth structures to metric spaces, weighted manifolds and complexes, and to images, meshes and networks. The first part of the book is a differential geometric study of curves and surfaces in the Euclidean space, enhanced while the second part deals with higher dimensional manifolds centering on curvature by exploring the various ways of extending it to higher dimensional objects and more general structures and how to return to lower dimensional constructs. The third part focuses on computational algorithms in algebraic topology and conformal geometry, applicable for surface parameterization, shape registration and structured mesh generation. The volume will be a useful reference for students of mathematics and computer science, as well as researchers and engineering professionals who are interested in graphics and imaging, complex networks, differential geometry and curvature.

Tensors are used throughout the sciences, especially in solid state physics and quantum information theory. This book brings a geometric perspective to the use of tensors in these areas. It begins with an introduction to the geometry of tensors and provides geometric expositions of the basics of quantum information theory, Strassen's laser method for matrix multiplication, and moment maps in algebraic geometry. It also details several exciting recent developments regarding tensors in general. In particular, it discusses and explains the following material previously only available in the original research papers: (1) Shitov's 2017 refutation of longstanding conjectures of Strassen on rank additivity and Common on symmetric rank; (2) The 2017 Christandl-Vrana-Zuiddam quantum spectral points that bring together quantum information theory, the asymptotic geometry of tensors, matrix multiplication complexity, and moment polytopes in geometric invariant theory; (3) the use of representation theory in quantum information theory, including the solution of the quantum marginal problem; (4) the use of tensor network states in solid state physics, and (5) recent geometric paths towards upper bounds for the complexity of matrix multiplication. Numerous open problems appropriate for graduate students and post-docs are included throughout.

Rigid (analytic) spaces were invented to describe degenerations, reductions, and moduli of algebraic curves and abelian varieties. This work, a revised and greatly expanded new English edition of an earlier French text by the same authors, presents important new developments and applications of the theory of rigid analytic spaces to abelian varieties, "points of rigid spaces," etale cohomology, Drinfeld modular curves, and Monsky-Washnitzer cohomology. The exposition is concise, self-contained, rich in examples and exercises, and will serve as an excellent graduate-level text for the classroom or for self-study.

This volume is an outcome of the workshop "Moduli of K-stable Varieties", which was held in Rome, Italy in 2017. The content focuses on the existence problem for canonical Kahler metrics and links to the algebro-geometric notion of K-stability. The book includes both surveys on this problem, notably in the case of Fano varieties, and original contributions addressing this and related problems. The papers in the latter group develop the theory of K-stability; explore canonical metrics in the Kahler and almost-Kahler settings; offer new insights into the geometric significance of K-stability; and develop tropical aspects of the moduli space of curves, the singularity theory necessary for higher dimensional moduli theory, and the existence of minimal models. Reflecting the advances made in the area in recent years, the survey articles provide an essential overview of many of the most important findings. The book is intended for all advanced graduate students and researchers who want to learn about recent developments in the theory of moduli space, K-stability and Kahler-Einstein metrics.

This volume contains the proceedings of the Research Workshop of the Israel Science Foundation on Groups, Algebras and Identities, held from March 20-24, 2016, at Bar-Ilan University and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel, in honor of Boris Plotkin's 90th birthday. The papers in this volume cover various topics of universal algebra, universal algebraic geometry, logic geometry, and algebraic logic, as well as applications of universal algebra to computer science, geometric ring theory, small cancellation theory, and Boolean algebras.

One service mathematics has rendered the 'Et moi, ..., si j'avait su comment en revenir, je n'y serais point aile.' human race. It has put common sense back Jules Verne where it belongs, on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded n- sense'. The series is divergent; therefore we may be able to do something with it. Eric T. Bell O. Heaviside Matht"natics is a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics seNe as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One service topology has rendered mathematical physics .. .'; 'One service logic has rendered com puter science .. .'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics .. .'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series."

Double Sequence Spaces and Four-Dimensional Matrices provides readers with a clear introduction to the spaces of double sequences and series, as well as their properties. The book then goes beyond this to investigate paranormed double sequence spaces and their algebraic and topological properties, triangle matrices and their domains in certain spaces of double sequences, dual spaces of double sequence spaces, and matrix transformations between double sequence spaces and related topics. Each chapter contains a conclusion section highlighting the importance of results and pointing out possible new ideas that can be studied further. Features Suitable for students at graduate or post-graduate level and researchers Investigates different types of summable spaces and computes their duals Characterizes several four-dimensional matrix classes transforming one summable space into other Discusses several algebraic and topological properties of new sequence spaces generated by the domain of triangles.

This volume contains original papers and announcements of recent results presented by the main participants of the 5th International Colloquium on Differential Geometry and its Related Fields (ICDG2016). These articles are devoted to some new developments on geometric structures on manifolds. Besides covering a broad overview on geometric structures, this volume provides significant information for researchers not only in the field of differential geometry but also in mathematical physics. Since each article is accompanied with detailed explanations, it serves as a good guide for young scientists working in this area.

A warped product manifold is a Riemannian or pseudo-Riemannian manifold whose metric tensor can be decomposed into a Cartesian product of the y geometry and the x geometry - except that the x-part is warped, that is, it is rescaled by a scalar function of the other coordinates y. The notion of warped product manifolds plays very important roles not only in geometry but also in mathematical physics, especially in general relativity. In fact, many basic solutions of the Einstein field equations, including the Schwarzschild solution and the Robertson-Walker models, are warped product manifolds.The first part of this volume provides a self-contained and accessible introduction to the important subject of pseudo-Riemannian manifolds and submanifolds. The second part presents a detailed and up-to-date account on important results of warped product manifolds, including several important spacetimes such as Robertson-Walker's and Schwarzschild's.The famous John Nash's embedding theorem published in 1956 implies that every warped product manifold can be realized as a warped product submanifold in a suitable Euclidean space. The study of warped product submanifolds in various important ambient spaces from an extrinsic point of view was initiated by the author around the beginning of this century.The last part of this volume contains an extensive and comprehensive survey of numerous important results on the geometry of warped product submanifolds done during this century by many geometers.

This book covers the modular invariant theory of finite groups, the case when the characteristic of the field divides the order of the group, a theory that is more complicated than the study of the classical non-modular case. Largely self-contained, the book develops the theory from its origins up to modern results. It explores many examples, illustrating the theory and its contrast with the better understood non-modular setting. It details techniques for the computation of invariants for many modular representations of finite groups, especially the case of the cyclic group of prime order. It includes detailed examples of many topics as well as a quick survey of the elements of algebraic geometry and commutative algebra as they apply to invariant theory. The book is aimed at both graduate students and researchers-an introduction to many important topics in modern algebra within a concrete setting for the former, an exploration of a fascinating subfield of algebraic geometry for the latter.

Working out solutions to polynomial equations is a mathematical problem that dates from antiquity. Galois developed a theory in which the obstacle to solving a polynomial equation is an associated collection of symmetries. Obtaining a root requires "breaking" that symmetry. When the degree of an equation is at least five, Galois Theory established that there is no formula for the solutions like those found in lower degree cases. However, this negative result doesn't mean that the practice of equation-solving ends. In a recent breakthrough, Doyle and McMullen devised a solution to the fifth-degree equation that uses geometry, algebra, and dynamics to exploit icosahedral symmetry. Polynomials, Dynamics, and Choice: The Price We Pay for Symmetry is organized in two parts, the first of which develops an account of polynomial symmetry that relies on considerations of algebra and geometry. The second explores beyond polynomials to spaces consisting of choices ranging from mundane decisions to evolutionary algorithms that search for optimal outcomes. The two algorithms in Part I provide frameworks that capture structural issues that can arise in deliberative settings. While decision-making has been approached in mathematical terms, the novelty here is in the use of equation-solving algorithms to illuminate such problems. Features Treats the topic-familiar to many-of solving polynomial equations in a way that's dramatically different from what they saw in school Accessible to a general audience with limited mathematical background Abundant diagrams and graphics.

Recent results from high-energy scattering and theoretical developments of string theory require a change in our understanding of the basic structure of space-time. This book is about the advancement of ideas on the stochastic nature of space-time from the 1930s onward. In particular, the author promotes the concept of space as a set of hazy lumps, first introduced by Karl Menger, and constructs a novel framework for statistical behaviour at the microlevel. The various chapters address topics such as space-time fluctuation and random potential, non-local fields, and the origin of stochasticity. Implications in astro-particle physics and cosmology are also explored. Audience: This volume will be of interest to physicists, chemists and mathematicians involved in particle physics, astrophysics and cosmology.

This book is dedicated to the memory of Mikael Passare, an outstanding Swedish mathematician who devoted his life to developing the theory of analytic functions in several complex variables and exploring geometric ideas first-hand. It includes several papers describing Mikael's life as well as his contributions to mathematics, written by friends of Mikael's who share his attitude and passion for science. A major section of the book presents original research articles that further develop Mikael's ideas and which were written by his former students and co-authors. All these mathematicians work at the interface of analysis and geometry, and Mikael's impact on their research cannot be underestimated. Most of the contributors were invited speakers at the conference organized at Stockholm University in his honor. This book is an attempt to express our gratitude towards this great mathematician, who left us full of energy and new creative mathematical ideas.